Biography
I-Antoine De Saint-Experry-Umbhali ogama lakhe elizi wonke umntu olwaziyo incwadi ethi "Inkosana encinci". I-biegraphy yombhali womsebenzi ongalibalekiyo ugcwele izigameko ezimangalisayo kunye nokudityaniswa, kuba umsebenzi wayo ophambili wadityaniswa no-quidious.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama elipheleleyo lombhali-uAtoine Marie Jean-Batcrist Roger de Super-Exupy. Ebuntwaneni, inkwenkwe yabizwa ngokuba yiTony. Wazalwa nge-29 kaJuni, ngo-1900 eLyon, kwintsapho yendoda, yayingumntwana wesithathu wabantwana aba-5. Intloko yentsapho yafa xa i-tony encinci yayineminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Intsapho yahlala ngaphandle kwendlela yaya yafudukela kumakazi, eyayihlala kwiBelkur Square. Imali ayizange ibulawe kakhulu, kodwa yabuyekezwa bubuhlobo phakathi kwabazalwana noodade. I-Antoine isondele kakhulu kwi-antoine yayinoMzalwana uFrancois.
Umama ubeke umntwana othanda iincwadi ngeencwadi kunye noncwadi, ethetha ngexabiso lobugcisa. Ngobuhlobo bakhe obumbethe nonyana wakhe bafana neeleta ezipapashiweyo. Unomdla kwizifundo zikamama, inkwenkwe yayinomdla wegcisa kwaye ikhethe into ayifunayo ukuzinikela kuye.
I-Antoine De Experry ifundwe kwisikolo samaKristu eLyon, emva koko iJesuit ukuya eMontreux. Kwiminyaka eli-14, imigudu kamama yathunyelwa kwipenshoni yamaKaleto. Ngo-1917, uAntiine wangena kwi-faculty yoyilo kwiSikolo saseParis soBugcisa obuhle. I-Bachelor eneDiploma ezandleni zakhe yayilungiselela ukwamkelwa kwi-Naval Lyceum, kodwa iphumelele ekukhetheni ukhuphiswano. Ilahleko enkulu ka-Antoine yaba kukubulawa komzalwana ukusuka kubahle. Ukuphulukana nomntu omthandayo wayekhathazekile, evalelwe kuye.
Inqwelo moya
U-Antoine wabetha isibhakabhaka ukususela ebuntwaneni. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala watyelela iinqwelomoya nge-12, ngenxa yomqhubi wenqwelomoya odumileyo uGabriel Homerkevski, owamthabathayo kwi-avadrome e-Avadber. Iimpembelelo zomfana zazinokwanela ukuba ziyiqonde ukuba yintoni injongo yobomi.
Ngo-1921 uninzi lutshintshe kakhulu ebomini buka-Antoine. Emva kokubiza emkhosini, waphumelela kwizifundo zokulinga kwaye waba lilungu lomrhumo wenqwelomoya eStrasbourg. Ekuqaleni, lo mfana wayengumsebenzi owonwabileyo wejoni kwibala le-moya, kodwa kungekudala waba ngumnini isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya wasemlindweni. Okokugqibela iphazamisa amabanga emfundo kumqhubi wemkhosi.
Ukuqeqesha uqeqesho kwiGosa leGosa leGosa, i-atoine yangena kwinqanaba le-heltEnant encinci kwaye yasebenza kwiiRegrents ezingama-34. Emva kwenqwelomoya engaphumelelanga ngo-1923, ekhwaza, efumene ukwenzakala kwentloko, inqwelo moya eshiyekileyo. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya wahlala eParis wagqiba kwelokuba azame kwindawo yoncwadi. Impumelelo ayizanga. Ukwenza indawo yokuphila, i-Experry yayinyanzeliswa ukuba ithengise iimoto, sebenza kumzi-mveliso we-tered kunye neencwadi zorhwebo.
Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba ukukhokela indlela yokuphila enjalo, uAntoine wayengakwazi. Umntu omamkelayo akancedisi. Ngo-1926, umqhubi wenqwelomoya omncinci wafumana isikhundla soomatshini kwinqwelomoya "ye-Aeropochetal", kwaye kamva waba ngumqhubi we-Aviens, othunyelwa ngeposi. Ngeli xesha lexesha, kwabhalwa umqeshwa wasemazantsi. Emva kolwando olutsha, kwalandelwa enye inguqulelo. Ukuba yintloko yesikhululo seenqwelomoya kwi-cap-jubi, owayeseSahara, uAtooga wazibandakanya kubuchule.
Ngo-1929, ingcali enetalente yatshintshelwa kwisikhundla soMlawuli wesebe lase-Aeropochetal, kwaye i-Exuperd yafudukela eBuenos Aires ukukhokela amasebe. Wenza iindiza ezihamba rhoqo kwiCasablanca. Inkampani, yona yasebenza kuye umbhali, ke, ukusukela ngo-1931, uAtoine waphinda wasebenza eYurophu.
Kuqala ukusebenza kwiinqwelomoya, emva koko baqala ukudibanisa umsebenzi ophambili kunye nolwalathiso olufanayo, ukuba ngumqhubi wovavanyo. Kwenye yeemvavanyo kwabakho ingozi yenqwelomoya. I-Exuperry yahlala yedwa enkosi kumsebenzi wokusebenza wemikhosi.
Ubomi bombhali bunxulunyaniswa nokugqithisa, kwaye wayengoyiki ukubeka esichengeni. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lweprojekthi kwindiza ekhawulezayo, i-atoine yafumana inqwelomoya yokusebenza kwi-paris-saigon umgca. Inqanawa yawa ngengozi entlango. I-Exupery isinde ngenxa yengozi. Kunye nomchwephesha ababekuthumelele bakuthula kunxaniwe, basindiswe uBedouins.
Ingozi eyoyikekayo apho umbhali etyelele khona yayikukuba yingozi yenqwelomoya ngenqwelomoya ukusuka eNew York ukuya kumhlaba womhlaba omlilo. Emva kwakhe, umqhubi wayekwi-coma kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, enzakalisa intloko negxalaba lakhe.
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, uAntina waba nomdla kwintatheli enkulu kwaye waba ngumnxibelelanisi wephephandaba "IParus Suar". Kwimeko yommeli wephephandaba "le-fangeransizhen" Experry yayikwimfazwe eSpain. Uthathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe kunye namaNazi kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Iincwadi
Umsebenzi wokuqala wokukhupha ekholejini ngo-1914. Baba yintsomi "odyssey ye-cylinder". Italente yombhali yavavanywa ngokufaneleka, ukongeza indawo eyi-1 kuphuhliso loncwadi. Ngo-1925, uKuzina Atoine waqhelana nababhali abadumileyo kunye nabavakalisi belo xesha. Bakuvuyela ukunikezelwa komfana othile kwaye banika intsebenziswano. Sele kunyaka olandelayo kumaphepha ephephabhuku "lesilivere" wapapasha ibali "yomqhubi".
Imisebenzi yokuphambuka ihambelana nesibhakabhaka kunye nenqwelomoya. Umbhali wayenemigangatho emibini, kwaye wayebelana noluntu ngokuqonda kwehlabathi ngamehlo omqhubi wenqwelomoya. Umbhali uthethe ngentanda-bulumko yakhe, eyamvumela umfundi ngenye indlela ukuba ajonge ubomi. Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkcazo zokuphambuka kumaphepha emisebenzi namhlanje zisetyenziswa njengeekowuti.
Ukuba ngumqhubi wePilot "Aeropochatal", umqhubi wenqwelomoya akazange acinge ukuyeka imisebenzi yoncwadi. Ukubuyela kwiFransi yakhe yaseFrance, wagqiba kwesamva elikwindlu kaHaston Gallimar's Plassimation yendlu yokupasa nokupapasha iinoveli ezisi-7. Uchaze-umbhali wabakho kuhambo olusondeleyo nomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Ngo-1931, umbhali wafumana "i-Femane" yebhaso lendiza yasebusuku, kwaye ngo-1932, ifilimu isuswe yifilimu. Ingozi kwiNtlango yeLibya kunye ne-Adventures ukuba umqhubi asindayo, ejikeleza inoveli "ilizwe labantu" ("iplanethi yabantu"). Umsebenzi wawusekwe emsebenzini kunye neemvakalelo ezivela ekufumaneni nolawulo lwe-stalinnist kwiSoviet Union.
Umqhubi wenqwelomoya waseRoma waba ngumsebenzi we-autobionelical. Umbhali waba nefuthe kumava ahambelana nenxaxheba kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ifakwe eFrance, le ncwadi yayinempumelelo enkulu eUnited States. Abameli beNdlu yoPapasho lwaseMelika ePasile i-Deepery Fairy. Ke ukukhanya kwakufika "inkosana encinci", ehamba nemifanekiso yelungelo lokushicilela. Wazisa umbhali odumileyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-18, uAntine wathandana noLouise Vilmorn. Intombi yabazali abaziintloko ayizange inikele ingqalelo kubudlelane bomfana onesifo somculo. Emva kwengozi yenqwelomoya, le ntombazana yambetha ebomini bakhe. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya waphulukana nothando njengentlekele. Uthando olungafanelekanga lwamtshutshisa kuye. Nokuba udumo kunye nempumelelo ayitshintshanga ubudlelwane boLouise, ohlala ungakhethi.
I-Exuperry iyonwabele amanenekazi, i-Enchanting Inkangeleko yomtsalane kunye nomtsalane, kodwa khawulezisanga ukwakha ubomi bakho. Indlela eya kwindoda ikwazile ukufumana i-surigin ye-surigin. Ngokutsho kolunye lweenguqulelo, i-Consuelo kunye ne-antoine yadibana eBuenos Aires kumntu oqhelileyo. Iqabane lomfazi lalithi, umbhali uGemez Carillo, wasweleka. Ufumene intuthuzelo kwinoveli enomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Umtshato ovulekileyo wenzeka ngo-1931. Umtshato wawungekho lula. UConsuelo uhlala eqengqeleka. Wayenomlinganiswa ombi, kodwa ukucinga ngemfundo kunye nemfundo yomlingane we-antone. Umbhali, umfazi kaThixo, enyamezele okwenzekayo.
Ukufa
Ukufa kuka-Antoine De-Experry Expredry Preyine yemfihlakalo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wafumana ityala lokukhusela imbeko yelizwe. Njengemeko yempilo, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wachongwa kuMbutho woMhlaba, kodwa uAntiine waqhagamshela unxibelelwano kwaye wangena kwibright yokubhabha.
NgoJulayi 31, 1944, akazange abuyele kwindiza kwaye waziswa kwizintlu ezilahlekileyo. Ngo-1988, i-bocelet yombhali enegama elingqinelweyo lamaqabane lafumaneka kufutshane neMarseille, kwaye ngo-2000, inxalenye yenqwelomoya awayilawulayo. Ngo-2008, kwaziwa ukuba uhlaselo lomqhubi waseJamani wayengunobangela wokufa kombhali. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya wokutya inqwelo moya yokutya otshabayo kwiminyaka yeminyaka ikwazile esidlangalaleni le. Iminyaka engama-60 emva kwengozi, ifoto evela kungqubano yapapashwa.
I-bibliography yombhali incinci, kodwa yinkcazo ye-adventures eqaqambileyo netyebileyo yobomi. Umqhubi onesibindi kunye nombhali onobubele wayehlala kwaye wafa, ngelixa ugcina isidima. Kwinkumbulo yakhe, isikhululo seenqwelomoya i-LYON yathiywa igama.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1929 - "Iposi yasePosini"
- Ngo-1931 - "Imeyile - South"
- Ngo-1938 - "indiza yasebusuku"
- Ngo-1938 - "iplanethi yabantu"
- Ngo-1942 - "umqhubi wenqwelomoya"
- Ngo-1943 - "Ileta eya kwinkanuko"
- Ngo-1943 - "Inkosana encinci"
- Ngo-1948 - "I-hitadiel"