Biography
I-Willins Collins-Umbhali weSiNgesi, owona msebenzi wawungafuneki wangcwatywa phantsi kobugcisa bamanqaku amabini kunye noCharles Dickens. Imisebenzi yayo yahlulwa njengeziqwengana zesazisi, ibukhali yolwimi kunye nokulula kwengqondo, kunye nenye indoda emhlophe "yombhali wakhe iya kuhlobisa ithala leencwadi lencwadi nganye.
I-biography kaWilliam Wilki Collins ithatha ngoJanuwari 8, 1824 eLondon, kwikota ehamba phambili yaseMariyon, kusapho lwe-Esondon Acammy ye-Ondon Callizz ye-Arlizz kunye ne-Gerizy Golizz ye-challizz ye-challizz kunye ne-geriet gelizz ye-challizz ye-challizz ye-challizz ye-challizz kunye ne-geriet. Igama letaka eli lizuze njengelifa kuyise, igama eliphakathi lalifumana kamva ilizwe liphela, lavela koothixo-umzobi-Zanrist David Willow.
Iminyaka emi-4 emva kokuzalwa kwamazibulo, omnye umntwana wavela kwintsapho-charles alston collins. Emva kwexesha wahamba emanyathelweni kayise, waba ngumthomine, waba ngumlandeli wangaphambili - umkhombandlela wokuyila, injongo yawo yayingumzabalazo ochasene neendibano zexesha leVictorisia.
Ulwazi lokuqala lwe-willow noCharles bafika ekhaya. I-Collins yosapho yayinenkolo enzulu, ngenxa yoko uHarriet wanyanzela ukuba ahambe ecaweni, funda imithandazo phambi kokulala aze ajonge izithuba. Eli cala lobomi yayingekokungcamla umbhali wexesha elizayo, kodwa ngokuvuthwa waqiqa ngelithi ubuKristu ngokuzingela nenzondelelo
Ngo-1835, uWilki wangena kwi-Maida Vale Academy, kodwa wafunda ixesha elide: Ukususela ngo-1836, usapho lwaluhlala e-Itali, ke eFrance. Phesheya, amakhwenkwe ngokukhawuleza asadlule isiTaliyane nesiFrentshi. Elelokuxhezana lalinika ngokulula i-wilki ngokulula, kwaye kamva wamkhulula.
Ukubuyela ezwenini, abazali bathumela inkwenkwe kwisikolo sangasese kwi-Refrend Cole kwi-hyber, emantla eLondon. UWilki akazange athanda ukufunda, kodwa ngokukodwa ummelwane wakhe egumbini, owehlule ezinzulwini zobusuku kwaye wanyanzelwa ukuba alale amabali ukuba alale ngcono.
"Yayingumfana onqabileyo ohamba kum imihla ngemihla, ndilidini lakhe elincinci. Kodwa ukuba ayingengakhe, andikhe ndicinge ... xa ndaphuma esikolweni, ndaqhubeka ndibalisa ibali, kodwa ngenxa yolonwabo lwam kamva kwavela kwidayari ye-Willow Collins.Ekupheleni kwe-1840, lo mfo wayephumelela esikolweni kwaye ekunyanzeliseni uBawo e-Antrobus & Co. Tea. Izinto zokubhala ezingafaniyo nefowuni, kodwa wasebenza kwifama iminyaka emi-5.
Iincwadi
Ngaxeshanye nomsebenzi kwishishini, uWilki wadala umsebenzi wokuqala - ibali "umqeqeshi wokugqibela", oshicilelwa kwi-1843 epapashiweyo ". Kwakuloo nyaka, omnye umntu ongumNgesi wabhala iNoveli ye-Deutut "uIolani, okanye iTahiti, njengoko yayinjalo," wamnika indlu uprintwe ", kodwa ngo-1845 wafumana ukwala. Incwadi ayipapashwa ngexesha lombhali wombhali: Ushicilelo lokuqala lwavela kuphela ngo-1999.
Ukuzama nge-willow ukuba ngumbhali wawahlula amathemba kaWilliam Collins kwinto yokuba uNyana uya kuludla ilifa umsebenzi wakhe kwaye uba ngumculi. Nangona kunjalo, utata akazange akhe kude ekukhetheni ikamva lendlaliki: wanyanzela indlela ka-Wilki yabefundisi, emva koko waqiniseka ukuba angenelele kwigqwetha kuluntu oluHlonipheni lweLilns-inn ngo-1846.
I-Collins Jr. ibonisa umdla omncinci kuMthetho kwaye uninzi lwexesha lisebenze kwinoveli "u-Antonina, okanye ukuwa kweRoma". Emva kokubhubha kukaBawo ngonyaka ka-1847, uWilki wapapasha umsebenzi wokuqala onzulu - "iinkumbulo zobomi bukaWilliam Collins, e-Esquire, olilungu le-Royal Anchemu." Eli boveli elingafikiyo igama le-pieter yesiNgesi.
Ukuqhubeka nokunika irhafu kwinkumbulo kayise, ngo-1849, uWillow Collins wazama njengomculi waza wadalwa "ukubuya kwabafundi", ezaziboniswa kumboniso wehlobo zasendle.
NgoFebruwari 1850, Roma "uAntonina" waphuma. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini we-collins, kodwa ubangela umdla okanye uhamba kude nololiwe "(1851). Amanqaku amibalabala, anomtsalane ubuhle besiNgesi, wabhalwa ngexesha leCornwall County ngoJulayi-Agasti 1850. Umbhali wenkampani wayengumnxibelelanisi we-henry we-henry.
Kwiminyaka enye, uWilki Collins wagqiba imfundo esemthethweni kwaye waba ngumrhumo, oko kukuthi, olilungu leLungelo leMibutho-mthetho. Nangona umbhali engazange ayenze ngokusesikweni ilungelo, ulwazi olufunyenwe ngexesha lokuqeqeshwa kolwazi olusetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kwiinoveli zokubhala ukuze unike ingxelo. Ngo-1851, umculi waseBritane Auguste Leopold wazisa i-Collins kunye noCharles Dickens, kwaye lo msitho waba yi-wiveli yombhali wombhali we-novice.
Amadoda aphindwe kabini kunye noogxa bakhe. NgoMeyi wonyaka omnye, kunye edlalwa kumdlalo "hayi embi kakhulu, njengoko kubonakala ngathi" uEdward Bull-Litov-Litton, ongabaphulaphuli abanguKumkanikazi uVictoria uVictoria uVictoria uVictoria uVictoria uVitoria. Imisebenzi ye-Collins "ibhedi engaqhelekanga" (1852), "Ubomi Obutsher" (1856), "Imfihlelo Efileyo" (1857) kwaye ezinye zifundwa kwijenali "
Ngo-1853, uWilki wakhulula inoveli "isisilji" malunga ne-Aristocrat eselula, eyaphula enye ye-Taboos yabameli beklasi ephezulu - intombazana ethandabuzayo, intombi yentombazana yomthengisi. Ukuba i-basil inikela isilingo sakhe kwaye sizidibanisa ngokungafanelekanga, uYise uya kumshiya ngaphandle kwelungelo lokufumana. Ewe kunjalo, umfana owenza ukhetho luthando kwaye abuye atsaleleke kwibali elimnyama.
Xa kuhlolwe ngo-1998, i-chied nguMlawuli wase-Indian Grasha Bharadvaja, eyona ndima yayiqhutywa lihlobo lakwa-jared i-wasil, kwaye umhlobo owazisa intombazana yakhe yesidlo sangokuhlwa, edlala isilayidi esingumKristu.
Kwimisebenzi emininzi, i-collins yefilimu, kwaye eyona ithandwa kakhulu ngu "mfazi mhlophe" - imvakalelo yenoveli, ebhalwe ngo-1859. Uxela umcubi oselula uWalter Harter Harter, obuyiselwe yi-Ebraviavie kwingqokelela ye-Aristocrat Frederica Feineley. I-Esquins inomtshana kaLaura, kwaye ithanda amaconsi amabini amanzi abukeka njengomfazi ongaqhelekanga kwimhlophe - isiba esisinda kwisibhedlele sengqondo, eyadibana nelifa. Le meko yoyikisa umfana kwaye utsala ngexesha elinye.
Imagazini yokujonga ibeka i "mfazi emhlophe" kwindawo engama-23 kwi-100 yeenoveli ezibalaseleyo zawo onke amaxesha, kunye nabalawuli, kubandakanya ukhuselwe. Ifilimu yokuqala yesibini yefilim vadim derbenev yeza kuqala ngo-1981, ngo-1982 nowe-1997, umculo waseBritani umboniso bhanyabhanya no-Tim Faybell wazisa umbono wakhe. Ukusukela ngo-2018, i-mini-ringi isusiwe isekwe kwinoveli.
IMisebenzi epapashwe nge-1860s yeyona nto ibalaseleyo kumsebenzi wombhali: "Ungachazwanga" (1862), "Amardade" (1866), "ilitye lendlu" (1868). Ndikunye nomfazi owe "mhlophe", ezi ncwadi zine-4 zibonelela nge-willow collins edumileyo kwi-MATE YABASEBENZI kwaye bathengiswa ukuba bajikeleza kwezoqoqosho.
Ngo-1870, 2 kweziganeko ezi-2 ezibalulekileyo zenzekile kubomi be-Collins: ukupapashwa kwenoveli "kunye nenkosikazi" nokufa kukaCharles Dickens. Ngaphezulu kwengcwaba lomhlobo osenyongweni, uWilka wathi:
"Sasibonana yonke imihla kwaye sathandana njengamadoda."
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, impilo ye-collins igqithisile: Umntu ongumNgesi phantse akamfanyekiswe, akazange aphume endlwini kwaye abhale nobunzima. Wadlulisela ulwazi lwayo kwiitalente ezincinci, kubandakanya iholo yamaRomani, kwaye wabanceda bakhusela ilungelo lokushicilela. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukubhala kube yindlela yokujongana nesifo esingavumeli ukuba ekugqibeleni sigcine ibhedi. U-Wilki Collins waphantse waligqiba inoveli "Uthando lokungaboni", emva kokuba efile i-walter yakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1857, uCollins wadibana namangcwaba e-caroline - ekhule kwintsapho esweleyo kwintombazana etshata intombi yakhe uHarrit nomhlolokazi. Ubukho bomama ongatshatanga obonelela ngevenkile encinci, apho i-willlow ihlala ijonge khona. Waphatha uHarrie njengomntwana wemvelo kwaye wamnceda ukuba aye esikolweni. Emva konyaka, isibini saqala ukuhlala kunye.
Umbhali akazange ayixhase iZiko loMtshato, kodwa lahlala le-caroline elithembekileyo kunye neHamiriline, ebajonga njengentsapho yakhe. Kwaye lo mfazi wayefuna ukutshata. Uye washiya i-collins xa wabhala "ilitye lenyanga", wabandezeleka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngokuqatha kwi-opium, kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2 ebuyiselwe kwi-collins.
Ngo-1868, ubomi bombhali bobubhali babuphumelele kunye noMartha Radre, intombazana eneminyaka eli-19 ubudala evela kwintsapho engamahlwempu. Abathathu abathathu bavele kwi-Union: Iintombi marian (1869) kunye noHarriet (1871), unyana uWilliam Charles (1874).
Ukufa
UWillow Collins wasweleka ngoSeptemba 23, 1889 ukusuka ekuqhatdeni. Umzimba ungcwatyelwe kumangcwaba aluhlaza oluhlaza entshona yeLondon.
Ngo-1895, ukufa kwaba namangcwaba e-caroline, iqabane lombhali othembekileyo. Ele ndlela bafuna umfazi afunyenwe ecaleni kwendoda yaseburhulumenteni.
I-Bibliography
- 1852 - "Isisill"
- 1854 - "Umdlalo wokufihla kwaye ufuna"
- I-1860- "mfazi mhlophe"
- Ngo-1862 - "Ungachazwanga"
- Ngo-1866 - "Amadele"
- Ngo-1868 - "ilitye leLuncir"
- I-1870 - "Indoda nomfazi"
- Ngo-1872 - "uphosa i-fiss finch"
- Ngo-1875 - "Umthetho noMfazi"