Biography
UAndriyan Nikolaev sisiseko sexeshana seSoviet, umbhali, umgqatswa weSayensi yobugcisa, yayingummi wesithathu we-USSR, otyelele indawo. Umthathi-nxaxheba kwixesha lomkhosi olungazange lolomkhosi kwindawo engenamntu yayingumntu wokuqala osebenza kwi-orbit ngaphandle kwe-skatera.
Kwisigebenga sikaTatand, uNikolaev wayefumene kabini isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union kwaye wanikwa iindidi zee-odolo kunye neembasa.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAndriyan Grigooevich Nikolaev, ilungu lomhlaba welali yaseShoresheli Chuvalovskaya, wazalwa ngoSeptemba kwi-Anna Alelaevna Alekseeva kwaye wayephakathi kwabantwana abane.
Siphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngo-1944, uNikolaev wangena kwiSikolo soBugcisa seMariya-Pesad Lesotechnical Lesotechnical. Emva koko iguqukile kwi-quiploma yomlingane elihanjiswa emsebenzini eKrelia. Umfana oqinisekiswe nguMfana onamazwe aphezulu wayecinga ukuba ndifumene ubizo, kodwa ixesha lenkonzo yomkhosi laliza, kwaye isiphelo sika-Asriyan sitshintshile.
UNikolaev weza kwimikhosi yenqwelomoya, kwaye emva koko ekupheleni kwenkonzo engxamisekileyo wangena esikolweni se-shooters ye-theriwal phantsi kweSikolo seCoorsehiv. Ukuba ngumqhubi ongumqhubi onoqeqesho nonobuchule, uAndriyan waqhubeka esebenza kwingingqi yaseMoscow, apho wawela phantsi komda we-alexander alexander tashkin.
Amava amkelwe ngumcebisi omkhulu, uNikolaev wabonisa imimangaliso yokulinga kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngesinye isihlandlo, ngexesha lokuqhutywa yindiza yoqeqesho, xa iinjini zokulwa ze-mig-17 zanqatshelwa, uAndriyan wabeka imoto endle, ukunqanda ukuqhekeka kwendlela kwaye ugcine ubomi bakhe. Ukuzeyisa kunye nenkalipho kwisimo esinzima seNikolaev inikezelwe iiyure ezininzi ngokukrolwa okuthile kwaye kwamkelwa kumbutho wamaKomanisi wase-USSR.
Cosmonautions
Ngomhla we-7 kaMatshi ngo-1960 yayingumhla ophambili kwi-biography yeflaya yaseNikolaev. Ngenxa yeempawu ezintle ezivela kwindawo yenkonzo, uAndriyan wathabatha umphulaphuli kwiqela leCosmonauts, emva koko yabizwa ngokuba yiGagarin.
Kwidolophu ye-Star, umqhubi wenqwelomoya waqhutywa yikhosi yoqeqesho ephuhliswe ziinzululwazi zaseSoviet, i-physiotherapists kunye neengcali zebhayoloji, kwaye, zidlulisele ngempumelelo uviwo lwezonyango kwisibhedlele se-USSR cosmonauts.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abathandathu abanezakhono ezibalaseleyo zomzimba kunye nobungcali kunye nenqanaba elifanayo lokulungiselela, ngokulinganayo ibango lomntu wokuqala kwisithuba. Abaphathi beenqwelomoya, ngaphambi kokuba kunzima ukukhetha, abonelelwe ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba bakhethe ukungazithembi kwabo. UAndriyan kunye namaqabane agqibe kwelokuba uYuri Gagarin wayefanele kakhulu phakathi kwabo.
Nge-12 ka-Epreli, ngo-1962, abahlobo bachitha iqhawe kwi-baikosure cosmodrome kunye ne-fading yeentliziyo zilandele i-rapsund yendawo yeSoviet, kwaye xa iOfisi yatsho ukuba i-Gagarin yeFugarin, uvuyo lwabo lwalunjalo hayi umda.
Kwimfazwe yokuphumelela, ubunkokeli be-PGU baqalisa ukulungiswa kwesibini kwiRokethi "empuma-2". Umphathi wenqanawa wamiselwa i-titov yaseJamani, kwaye uNikolaev bayalela imisebenzi ye-DFARR. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baqeqeshwa ngenkani, kuba kwakufuneka bachithe usuku lonke esikhaleni kwaye okwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuziva ungenasiseko.
Inqwelomoya yesibini yaphinda yadlula ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kweNikolaev, kodwa umqhubi wawungazange ayeke uqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo. Ukuvavanya ukuzola, ukuqokelela, impendulo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwaye kucacile imiyalelo yokulawula iindiza, iZiko loLawulo lweeNdiza lanyulwa i-Andriyan Grigorievich Command Commyar "East-3".
Uhambo oluqale nge-11 ka-Agasti, ngo-1962 lwaba yindiza yokuqala ye-1 yeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ezithe zathatha inxaxheba kuzo - inqanawa enkulu ye-Nikolaev ehamba "e-East-East-4", ilawulwa yi-paveve popovich. Ukongeza, umsebenzi weastronauts yayiluvavanyo lokufumana i-orbit ngaphandle kwe-skateman ekhuselayo kwimeko yokungazithembi, iqhutywa ngempumelelo ngumqhubi ongoyikiyo.
Kwaye emva kweminyaka, uluntu lwafunda ngecala elifihlakeleyo lohambo lwendawo "empuma", ukuxelisa imeko apho enye inqanawa isebenza njengenjongo.
Ngexesha lohambo lokuqala, u-Andriyan Grigorievich Flew izihlandlo ezingama-64 ezijikeleze iplanethi yakhe yemveli kwaye wayekwindawo ekufuphi neeyure ezingama-94 kunye nemizuzu engama-22, ecwangcisa irekhodi lexesha lokubaleka. Waza wasicengqeleka "wasidlolo esithi" I-Cosmic ", kathathu ngemini ethatha ukutya okhethekileyo okuphekiweyo kunye nekofu. Ekupheleni kwendiza, igama elililinge yayiyeyokuqala kwincwadi kaHloniphekileyo yoMdumo wabasebenzi kunye nobunzima beRiphabhlikhi, kwaye ilizwe lanika i-cosmout kwi-odolo yomyalelo ophezulu.
Ukubuyela kuMhlaba, uNikolayev wangena kwi-MOSCOW Nikolay Zhukovsky Air Air Air Ainer Ainermy, apho waphinda wazalisa kwaye womeleze ubugcisa be "Pinjini-cosmonaut". UAndriyan Grigorievich waba ngumphathi weqela ledolophu yeStellar, kwaye ngo-1965 wabalungiselela ukubaleka kwi-SOUMIT KWI-SOYUZ inqanawa. Uhambo olucwangcisiweyo aluzange lwenzeke, kwaye uNikolaev uthathe isithuba seSekela-intloko yeZiko loQeqesho lweSithuba elibhalwe nguYuri Gagarin kwaye wafumana isihloko se-nqwelo moya.
Ngo-1970, uAndriyan GrigooIch waba ngumphathi weSoyu-9, kwaye uVitaly Sevaasyanov waba liqabane lakhe kwindiza elandelayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya benza i-286 bajika emhlabeni kwaye bahlala kwiintsuku ezili-16 iiyure ezili-16 kunye nemizuzu engama-58, bephule zonke iirekhodi ezinokuqikelelwa kunye nokungafezeki.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi oququzelweyo, uNikolaev kunye neqabane lenza inani lophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nonyango, kubangele ukuba kutshabhiswe i-utshaba kwimephu ye-Chess kwi-Chess kwiqela leziko lenqwelomoya. Ukubuya kwedatha yedatha kwimeko yabaqhubi beenqwelomoya, amagqirha aphuhlise inkqubo yokulungiselela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kwiimeko zasemhlabeni.
Kule ngxokololo, echazwe kwifilimu yoxwebhu ", i-Andriyan Grigorievich ifumene umvuzo - i-odolo yesi-2 yegorha leSoviet Union kunye nesihloko soMyimbisi omkhulu weSoviet.
Emva kokubaleka, uNikolaev waqhubeka nokusebenza njengoSekela Central embindini woqeqesho, wanyulwa kumasekela kwiBhunga eliPhakamileyo le-RSFRR, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1994, umqhubi wenqwelomoya odumileyo wasebenza kwi-suma ye-Russian Femation. Ngokubhala malunga namaphepha angama-70 kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa kwindawo, i-Andriyan Grigoorievich ngo-1975 ikhusele i-thessis yayo kwaye yafumana isihloko sesayensi yezobugcisa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1963, uNikolaev, i-bastard yokugqibela yedolophu yeStellar, itshatile umfazi wokuqala - i-cosmonaut valentina varkova. Umtshato wenzeka kwiNdlu kaRhulumente ngenxaxheba kwi-USSR Jikelele Jikelele Nikita Khrushchev.
Abahlobo bathathele ingqalelo le nto iluncedo kwisayensi noluntu kwaye bengakholelwa kulonwabo lomyeni nomfazi osandul 'ukwenziwa. Ezi ziqinisekiso zika-Andriyan Grigoorievich ziphindwe kwincwadi ethi "Siza kudibana kwi-orbit," apho, sikhankanya kanye ngobomi bomntu, ngothando olwenziwe ngesiqingatha sakhe.
Intombi ka-Elena, eyayinezinto ezininzi ezingalunganga zazalwa kwintsapho yendawo. Akuyithinteli intombazana ukuba iphumelele esikolweni kunye nezonyango kwimbeko, itshatile kabini ibe ngunina wabantwana ababini.
Iinkcukacha zolwalamano kusapho lweNikolaev lifihlakele. EBANTU, amaqabane anikene ngezinye iimpawu zokuthathelwa ingqalelo kwaye ahlala encumile, kodwa, emva kweminyaka engapheliyo, kwaye, emva kweminyaka engaphezulu kwe-19, i-Andriyan Grigo Vladimirovna laqhawule umtshato.
U-Verrerekava watshata uYuliasiava, kwaye uNikolayev ngaphambi kokuba aphesheke.
Ukufa
UAndriyan Nikolaev, obephethe i-heya impilo esemncinci kwaye eqolileyo, waqala ukufumana iingxaki ngentliziyo yakhe ekupheleni kobomi.
Ngehlobo lowama-2004, abango-Astronauts bamenyelwa kwi-chebossary njengomgwebi wabakhuphisana nabantu basemaphandleni baseRussia. Nge-3 kaJulayi, emva kwesiphelo sengqungquthela kunye nengqungquthela yeendaba, yenziwa kuyo ifoto yomqhubi odumileyo, uNikolaev waphulukana nokwazi kwaye wasweleka. Oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba unobangela wokufa kwendlu enkulu yaba luvalo.
UAndriyan Grigoorievich wangcwatywa kwi-Wied Duvas Mhlaba wakhe nxamnye nentando yomfazi nentombi yakhe. Umfanekiso wecosmout abunqabelwe kwimyuziyam kwilali yaseSharchela, obizwa ngokuba yiSikhumbuzo se-Nikolaev, kumatyala asekwe eCoboshas, kunye namagama ezitrato kunye nezikwere zaseRussia izixeko.
Ngo-2018, abahlali baseRussia bavotela ngokuqinisekisa ukuba igama lomqhubi odumileyo labelwa kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseChuvash.
Izihloko kunye namabhaso
- Ngo-1961 - "I-odolo yenkanyezi ebomvu"
- Ngo-1962 - i-pilot-cosmout ye-USSR
- Ngo-1962, 1970 - iqhawe leSoviet Union
- Ngo-1962, ngo-1970 - imbasa "yegolide"
- Ngo-1962 - "I-odolo yeLenin"
- Ngo-1970 - "I-golide yegolide egama linguYu.gagarin"
- Ngo-1976 - "I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu"
- Ngo-1981 - ibhaso le-USSR
- Ngo-1988-I-Ordance "kwinkonzo yeLizwe leLizwe kumkhosi oxhobileyo we-USSR" III Degree
- Ngo-1991 - Imbasa yembasa "yokomeleza i-Commat Commotlealth"