Biography
I-galliaskar kamal-Umbhali weTatar, uMbhali weDrama isebenza, amanani oluntu kunye nomsunguli wetyala le-tatarstan. Waguqulela imisebenzi yaseRussia kwaye enegalelo kwimveliso yabo kuMongami kwidolophu yaKhe.
Igama langoku lombhali yi-galliaskar geakbarovich kamaletdinov. Malunga nobuntwana bombhali uyazi kancinci. Wazalwa ngoJanuwari 6, 1879 kwiKazan. Utata wenkwenkwe wayesebenza njenge-wad, kwaye usapho aluzange luphumelele.
I-Galialiscar yobuntwana echithwe elalini, apho yayivela khona umama wakhe. Ubukele ubomi bakhe kwiMars esezantsi, kwaye wenza izigqibo zokuqala malunga nesixhobo sehlabathi.
Ezemfundo Umbhali wexesha elizayo afunyenwe eMadrasa "gosmania" kunye "ne-muhammadia" kwiKazan. Lo mfana ngokuzithoba wafundisa isiRashiya kwaye ukuba ulwazi luyanda kwi-roma yedrama yeRussia kunye nethiyetha. Inyani yokuba i-Galialiascar icothwe bubuchule bokuyila kunye noncwadi, kwacaca xa wayekwishumi elivisayo, ngoko kwakulula ukucinga ukuba ibhanti yakhe iya kuqhagamshelwa ngezi zikhokelo.
Indalo
Umdlalo wokuqala opapashwe, epapashwe kwi-theather ye-Plarightwe yexesha elizayo, yayingumsebenzi wolutsha "lobutsha." Wabhala ngo-1898, nango-1907 wadala uhlelo lwesibini. I-Leitmotif ephambili yokwakhiwa yimicimbi yezentlalo nemibono yemfundo ukuba ivezwe ngumlawuli we-novice.
Idemokrasi ebizelweyo, wakhuthaza intshukumo yotshintsho ka-1905-1907 waza waba ngumsunguli wamaphephandaba aliqela. Ngo-1906, "ushicilelo lwe-Azat" lwavela njenge "nkululeko", kamva "i-Azat Habyk" ("abantu abakhululekileyo"), kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibini i-jashen (" Ukusasazwa, ukuba yeyiphi i-gallialikar kamal ivelise kunye nembongi iGabdullah Tuukay.
Inkanuko yobutsha yethiyetha ayishiyanga iKamala nakwiminyaka ubudala. Ukhuthaze uphuhliso lwemeko yeqonga kwaye wathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwengxelo yokuqala, eboniswe eluntwini ngo-1906. Umdlali wempangelo wabhala imisebenzi yendawo yokwenene, impikiswano efanelekileyo kunye neempawu eziqaqambileyo. Imidlalo yakhe yasebusiseko yesiseko sokuphindaphindiso se-theatar shoatre.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, iingcinga zobutsha zathathelwa indawo kukuncomaka ngenxa yokungafuduswa, umbuso obukhoyo kunye nemiqobo ekhoyo. I-Tyyoric Geeding yeMidlalo yokudlala yaba ngumntwalimali weemeko zokuba umhlaba wamthiya. Wasebenzisa iimeko zokwenene njengesiseko semisebenzi kwaye wafumana abalinganiswa abaziwayo ngokulula emotweni.
Ngo-1908, i-Premisere yeHomey "Inkcazo yokuqala" yabanjwa kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga. Uye wachaza umzabalazo wenguquko ngokuchasene nombutho wethiyetha yesizwe. Ngomfanekiso ophambili, yonke i-doping yavakaliswa, eyayithiyiwe ngumbhali. Ngo-1912, abaphulaphuli bakubona ukuba "iimfihlo zabantu bethu", apho umntu odlala khona waphazamisa imaski ngokuxhasa inkqubo yasebukhosini, eyazinikela kubaxhamli. Kwakuloo nyaka, "ukudlala" kwe-bibupt ", imibono yobisi malunga nokulungiswa okuqinisekileyo kwemali, ekhuthaza abameli bendawo ye-bourgeoisie.
Imisebenzi enkulu ye-gamaalcar kamala yaba lubonakalisa abalawuli beTatar kunye nabadlali belo xesha. Ngokudibeneyo nabantu abanemifanekiso njengeemvakalelo, umbhali ovunyiweyo ngokuphuhliswa kohlobo lwenqanaba njengesixhobo sokukhupha uluntu kunye nokuthintela uncwadi lwehlabathi.
Umdlali wempangelo wazama njengomguquleli, kwaye kwinqanaba lethiyetha laqala ukudlala izinto ezenziwa yimidlalo ye-maxim gork, alexander ostrovsky, nikolai gogol in tatar. Umsebenzi weqonga wabhala izincoko ezibalulekileyo kunye namanqaku, wabelana ngezimvo zakhe malunga ne-Real.
Uhlaziyo luka-Okthobha kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya iphefumlelwe ngumbhali. Waziphosa kwindalo yemisebenzi nomoya weSoviet, wabhala umbongo waza wadala ukubeka. Ukuxhasa isikhundla sokusebenza ngokusebenzayo, iKamali yaba ngumculi kwiindawo zeKrasnoarmeyliy Truup. Phantsi kwePleundesm Aulia kunye nenkampani, umbhali wabhala i-prose ye-satirical, kuba abasebenzi kunye nabalingane babenomdla omkhulu.
Ngo-1921, uGaalikar wazisa esidlangalaleni ngokudlala "i-hafilisa entle," ixelela malunga neenkalo ezilungileyo zotshintsho lwabantu kunye notshintsho oluza kubandakanywa kwicandelo lobudlelwane oluya kulwalamano. Ngo-1926, umbhali wafumana itayitile ye-folk yokudlala.
Inomdla wokwazi ukuba, ukongeza kwimisebenzi yemisebenzi yeqonga kunye nokubhaliweyo, i-gallialkar kamal yayikuthanda ukuzoba kunye ne-calligraphy. Wajika waba ngumbhali wemifanekiso emininzi kwimixholo yezopolitiko. Ukusebenzisana nezindlu zokupapasha indlu, indoda yafumana ingqalelo enkulu kwi-titar calligraphdyraphy. Uye wathatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi wobugcisa kunye nexesha kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, ukufundisisa intsebenzo yento yokwenza.
Ubomi Buqu
I-gallialcar kamal ifezekisiwe kubungcali kunye nobomi bobuqu. Umbhali kunye nenani loluntu yayingumkhwenyana odumileyo kwi-Kazan Merchant Sayiiq haybullina. Intombi yomrhwebi yaba ngumfazi wayo, kwaye isalamane esitsha sasiya kuhlaziywa ngemfundo ngemfundo eKamal.
Umrhwebi unesicwangciso sakhe se-gallialcar. Ulwazi lwelungelo lokudlala le-sharia elinokufika ngesandla, ukuba wavumile ukuba yimam kwi-mosque, eyakhiwa haybullin. I-Kamala enjalo ayikhathali. Ukulunga kwafunyanwa ngombulelo kwisivumelwano: Umkhwenyana waqalisa ukuthengisa iimveliso ezishicilelweyo.
Umtshato wenzeka ngo-1900, utata wakhe wazisa indawo yokuhlala kwi-naremianov kwintombazana yakhe ethandekayo, esele eKazan namhlanje. Abantwana kwintsapho bavela emva kweminyaka emininzi. I-galliaskar kamal yavuya ngokumangalisayo ngokuzalwa konyana ngo-1908.
I-Galialicar Kamal yayitshatile kabini, umfazi wakhe wesibini yayiyintombazana egama linguAsma. Indlalifa yokudlala eneindlalifa ezi-6: Oonyana nentombi yanye.
Ukufa
I-Tatar Playfright yafa ngo-1933. Izizathu zokufa kombhali zazingesisizathu seengxoxo. I-Galialicar Kamal yenye yee-Crists ezimbalwa zeTatar ezikwazile ukuthatha urhulumente omtsha wezopolitiko kwaye uqhubeke nokudala ukuphefumlelwa. Ukusweleka komdla kukuphulukana noncwadi lwesizwe kunye nethiyetha yethiyetha.
Ngoku ifoto yakhe inokubonwa kwiindonga zemidlalo yeqonga lezemfundo kwiKazan, ebizwa ngokuba yimbonakalo. EThatarsstan, kukho izitrato ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yigama lomfanekiso loluntu, kwaye indlu yombhali yaba yimyuziyam. Ngo-1959, wafumana inqanaba lesikhumbuzo sembali nenkcubeko.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1907 - "Ulutsha olungelo"
- Ngo-1908 - "ngenxa yesipho"
- I-1911 - "isithandwa"
- 1911 - "Iimfihlo zesixeko sethu"
- Ngo-1912 - "Bhankitt"
- Ngo-1921 - "i-hafilisa emnandi"