Biography
Inkokeli enkulu yeLibyar Guammar Gaam Gaddafi yiPolitiki kwaye uMhlaziyi owaphuka yiNkululeko noLonwabo kwilizwekazi laseAfrika kunye nabantu bakhe. Wayeqhubekile, ebhukuqa inkosi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lwelizwe lakhe.
Owona mhla wokuzalwa kukaMuammar akaziwa, ngokunjalo wazalwa nge-7 kaJuni, 1942, kweminye imithombo, ka-1940 neminye imihla idwelisiwe. I-biegraphy ye-bimed ye-rime yexesha elizayo yaqala kwintsapho yeBedouin kufutshane neCasre Abu Hadi, i-30 km ukusuka eLibyan Sinta.
Emva kwexesha kudliwanondlebe, wagxininisa imvelaphi yakhe, esithi babengabantu abakhululekileyo kwaye banandipha indalo, kuba babehlala ezintenteni. Wayengumntwana omncinci kusapho, ngentsimbi yesithandathu, ekuphela komntwana. Umama wakhokelela kwikhaya, intombi yancedwa kulo mfazi. Utata, uNomada abekwindawo ngeendawo, wedlula iibhokhwe kunye neenkamela.
Inkwenkwe yaya esikolweni ngeminyaka eyi-9 ubudala. Ekubeni utata wosapho wayesoloko efumana ilizwe elitsha, elichumileyo, intsapho yakhe yanyanzelwa ukuba izuze kunye naye. Ngenxa yoko, u-Muammar wayedla ngokutshintsha kwezikolo, wafumana imfundo yesibini kumaziko amathathu emfundo. Ekubeni kwakungekho mali entluzweni, kwaye uqhele kuBawo, okulungele ukuwukhusela uNyana, emva kokuba isifundo sikaMuammar sahlala sikwi-mosque salapha ekhaya kwaye silala apho. Baza kuphela abazali ekungeneni, ukoyisa i-30 km ngeenyawo.
Iiholide zenzeka kwintente yosapho. Kwaye nangona inkampu kaKaddafic's Nomadic ihlala ifumaneka i-20 km ukusuka elunxwemeni, inkwenkwe yaxelela ukuba akazange abone ulwandle njengomntwana. Ngendlela, waba ngumntwana okuphela kwentsapho efundiswe. Kwaye emva kokuphumelela, wangena kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo saseCecha.
Uhlaziyo
Umbutho wokuqala wentsholongwane kubomi bukaGaddafi uvela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bayo yayihlala abantu abancinci, i-muammar wayehlala isikhundla esisebenzayo. Eyona njongo yabo yayikukubhukuqwa kwenkosi, eyayingonelisekanga kuye nabani na. Ngo-1961, umntu oqhuba uqhankqalazo nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwintlangano, owayethetha ngokungavisisani ngesivuno saseSyria kwi-ori. Incoko yokugqibela yathi kwiGaddasi ngokwakhe, leyo yagxothwa esikolweni, kuba walungiselela umqondiso wokulwa norhulumente.
Abafana abahamba kwii-rallies, bexhasa utshintsho lwe-ALGERIA. Abasemagunyeni khange baqikele unyamezelo lwabantu abancinci, ukubhala i-muamamar kubaququzeleli, wabanjwa okokuqala, emva koko bathunyelwa kuwo. Kwasebutsheni bakhe, wayenamandla okufuna iinjongo zabo, ngoko manyathelo ayoyiki gaddafi. Uphumelele ekufundeni ekusebenziseni kakubi, kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, wafunda kwiKholeji yasemkhosini eBenghazi, efumene isikhundla se-lieutenant.
Wayekhonza kwinkampu yomkhosi kwaye kungekudala ukuba kuqeshiwe ngokukhethekileyo aguqulelwa kwisikhundla somphathi. Phambi kwe-mosterdy eLibya ebhukweni, umntu wanikwa imikhosi yobunjineli, ngelixa elandela isiko lamaSisissic, akazange asebenzise iziselo ezinxilisayo, engazisebenzisi ngokungxama kwaye aziphethe kakuhle.
Ukulungiselela i-Copp enkulu yaqala ngo-1964. I-PAD-GADDAAFI yenzelwe le njongo uMbutho obizwa ngokuba ngu "Ososus" ("iMibutho yasimahla ye-Union Universists"). Kule meko, amakhaduthi akhethwe ngononophelo, afundela abalinganiswa babo, amathuba abo kwaye ajongane nemeko yabasebenzi xa bebonke.
Uvukelo lwenzeka ngo-1969. Ngexesha leqela sele lidala isicwangciso sokusebenza. Kwaye nangona ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ixesha lawo lathunyelwa izihlandlo ezi-3, ngoSeptemba 1, ukubhukuqwa kwenkosi kwaqala. I-COSTEDSE yamaLungu oMbutho omiselweyo, apho u-Muammar wathetha khona umphathi, waqala ukwenza imisebenzi ekubanjisweni nasekunikezelweni lolawulo lomkhosi obalulekileyo kunye norhulumente. Baye bagqiba kwelokuba babambe iintetho zikawonke-wonke e-Benghazi, Tripoli kunye nezinye izixeko ezinkulu zelizwe.
Ukusebenza kwasasazwa kwilizwe lonke, ngaphandle kokude kakhulu, ngoko ke kulwa amaqela okulwa izinto ezifakwe izinto ngaphambi kokuqala kweyure ebekiweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba i-muamvar, kwakukho umsebenzi oza kungena kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo saseBhethazi kwaye silawule ukusebenza ukusuka apho. Kwirediyo, ilizwe lonke livile isibheno seGaddalini, abaxelela abantu ukuba "ukuphendula kunye nemodi yobuqhetseba".
Ubukumkani ubungasasebenzi, kungekudala badala iBhunga loMyalelo woMhlaselo (CRC), kwaye ilizwe labizwayiwe yiLibyan Riphabhliki yeRiphabhlikhi. Kwangelo xesha, iGaddaadi yafumana isikhundla somandlalo kwaye samiselwa umphathi-mkhosi welizwe elixhobileyo lelizwe.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Sele kutshutshiswa kwe-SRK, ngo-1970, uMuamvar waqeshwa i-Prime noMphathiswa Wezokhuselo. Amanyathelo okuqala athatyathwe ngurhulumente omtsha kukugxothwa kweziseko zomkhosi zamanye amazwe avela kumhlaba waseLibya, uzwelonke lweebhanki zamanye amazwe kunye notshintsho kwikhalenda. Umthetho oYilwayo weminyaka uqale ukwenziwa kwasemhla wokubhujiswa ngumprofeti uMohammed, watshintsha amagama eenyanga.
Ngo-1971, ukuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo komthetho okhutshiwe ngexesha lolawulo luka-moriarchty. Ngoku yonke imithetho yayisekwe kwimithetho-siseko ye-Islamic eshali, ukungcakaza kunye notywala obunxilisayo kwavalwa ngokupheleleyo kweli lizwe. Kwakhona waphumelela ukucocwa kwenkcaso yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha, owawuchasayo urhulumente kunye nokuseka urhulumente omtsha. Ngo-1979, imithetho eShariar ekugqibeleni yafakwa kweli lizwe.
Ngokuza kwamandla, uMutamar wadibana neembono zakhe zezoqoqosho nezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ngendlela efanelekileyo, ethi, ngokoluvo lwakhe, linokulunceda ukukhula koluntu. UGaddasiya wachaza umsebenzi wakhe oyintloko kwincwadi yeGreen, edlulisela iziseko zethiyori yehlabathi yesithathu.
Apho, izimvo zika-Islam zihamba ngokusondeleyo neethiyori ze-anarchists zaseRussia (kropotkin kunye neBakunina). Kwinxalenye yokuqala, indlela yesixhobo sikawonke-wonke seJamahiriya, ngayo ngo-1977 yapapashwa kwaye yayiyindlela entsha yomthetho welizwe.
Ukusamkela isixhobo esitsha, urhulumente waphulukana, kwaye kwangaxeshanye wadala amaziko amatsha, ikomiti yababantu abaPhakamileyo, oonobhala kunye neZiko. Unobhala oyiNtloko wonyulwa iGaddafi. Kwaye nangona emva kweminyaka emi-2, le ndoda yaye yaba kubaphathi boqeqesho, ukusukela ngoko kubizwa ngokuba yinkokeli yohlaziyo lweLibya.
Izicwangciso zeGaddaati emva kokuba zinamandla kwakukho amanqaku amaninzi. Le ndoda yayifuna ukudibanisa i-Libya namanye amazwe eArabhu, kwaye ngo-1972 wabiza abantu abangamaSilamsi ukuba bajongane ne-UK nakwi-United States kwinkululeko ye-palestine. Uthumele inkonzo yakhe kwiUganda ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, exhasa i-Iran kwimfazwe nge-Iraq kwaye wade watyholwa ngokuvula intloko ye-Sudan Jafar Mohammed Namiemed Mahammed Namiemen ene-Namied Sohammed Namiemer.
Ngaphandle koku, indoda iqalise ukwenziwa kwelungu elikhethekileyo eliqinisekisiweyo, amalungu alo aza kucombulula amanqaku empikiswano kwimicimbi yezopolitiko ngendlela enoxolo. Ngo-1970, u-Muammar wafowunela i-chelny yomanyano lwe-Chelny ukuze ayeke ukunxibelelana nama-Israyeli, ngenxa yokuba kwaqhambuka imfazwe.
Amazwe amaninzi eArabhu, aqhankqalathi amaxabiso akwa-Israyeli, aze abhengeze i-embargo ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zeoyile eUnited States kunye namanye amazwe axhaswa nguSirayeli.
Yonke le nto ixhalabisayo umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. Ngokufika kukaGaddafis ukuba inamandla ngaphakathi elizweni, izehlo ezibalulekileyo zenzekile. Kwakukho abo bazama ukwenza i-coup, ngenxa yoko wakwazi ukubadala ukudala amaqela aphikisayo kunye namaqela ezopolitiko. Ukongeza, ukubetha kwabasebenzi kunye nokubetha kwabafundi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba umthetho, ulawulo olungqongqo lwaziswa kwakhona kwimithombo yeendaba.
Nangona kunjalo, bekukho ukuphikisana kwizenzo zeGaddafis. Oku kuqinisekiswa ukuba xa indoda ibonakalise ukuba imeko iphantse yagqitha kwiintolongo. Wayengcwele kwi-bulldozer waphula umnyango wentolongo waza wakhululwa amabanjwa ezopolitiko entando.
Kwiminyaka yeBhodi, i-Muammar yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekumiselweni kweRiphabhlikhi. Ukuba i-27% kuphela yabemi babenobuchule, emva koko emva koko i-Libya kunye nokwenza amathala eencwadi amaninzi, amaziko emidlalo kunye namaziko emfundo, eli nani lifikelelwe i-51%.
Nangona kunjalo, ayisiyiyo yonke into entle kakhulu eLibya. Ngexesha lolawulo lukaGaddasi, iRiphabhlikhi kuye kwafuneka inyamezele impikiswano nge-jad, i-bormddmenty ngo-Muammar wafa, apho intombi eyamkelweyo yaseMuam, iyonke ivela kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN. Eyona ntlekele inkulu yabahlali baseLibya yayikukubulawa kweNkokeli yabo.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Mukamar kabini yayitshatile. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala uyintombi yendlu, wasebenza njengomfundisi esikolweni, ngo-1970 wazala unyana. Nangona kunjalo, le ndoda ayisebenzi nobomi bakhe bobuqu, kwaye abantu abancinci baqhawule umtshato. Umfazi olandelayo womthetho wayeyi-catash, eyamnika abantwana abasixhenxe. Baye bakhulisa unyana nentombi emibini. Nganye yaba ntzuzo iphumelele impumelelo ethile ebomini.
Umzekelo, unyana wesithathu ungumdlali webhola onobuchule, une-colonel ye-colonel kumkhosi weLibya. Oonyana wesihlanu ligosa lomkhosi wamaLibya, kwaye intombazana ekuphela kweqela elihle, njengenxalenye yeqela elilungelelanisiweyo, elinentombazana yakhusela i-Hardan, owayengumongameli wase-Iraq kwaye wabhukuqa.
Ukongeza kwiNcwadi eluhlaza, isiciko sayo sasihlala yifoto okanye umzobo womhlameli (ngokuxhomekeke kumshicileli), kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uMuammar wabhala eminye imisebenzi. Phakathi kwawo Ngaba amabali AMABALI AMABALI 'ASUDLAya esihogweni "," Umhlaba "," umzi "kunye nabanye. Inkumbulo yendoda iboniswa kwi-cinema, iifilimu "ze-pistol", "uthixo" kunye nezinye iipeyinti zasuswa.
Ukufa
Ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kweza ku-Muammar Gaddaadi, kwithuba ukusuka ngo-1975 ukuya ku-1998 wazama amaxesha asi-7.
Ebusika, ngo-2010 ukuya ku -11, iMfazwe yamaKhaya ingenzekanga eLibya, abantu banyanzelisa ukuba iGaddafi iyamka emandleni kwaye iwile ilizwe. Nge-20 ka-Okthobha ka-2011, amahlakani alungelelanayo agorha amashumi amabini kwaye ethathwa nguMuamamar. Abantu bajikeleza le ndoda, baphosa esibhakabhakeni bazalela oomatshini kuyo.
Kwimizuzu yokugqibela yobomi, wabiza abavukeli ukuba barhuqa, kodwa abancedi. Unobangela wokusweleka kwenkokeli yeLibya yayinguSamoniud, owayefundiswa ngabaThumeli bakhe. Ukongeza, unyana kaGaddasi wabulawa, wabulawa phantsi kweemeko ezingacacanga. Umzimba wazo zombini zibekwe kwiifriji zemveliso kwaye wabeka wonke umntu ukuba ahlole kwindawo yokuthenga ngendlela eMiserust. Kwaye ekuseni, amadoda engcwatyelwe kwintlango yeLibya.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1978 - I-Sofia iNgeniso yeMedial (ngo-2007 i-2000 amabhaso)
- Ngo-2003 -Ukubaleka kwePrince Yaroslav Im
- Ngo-2008 -Umyalelo we-bogdan khmelnitsk
- Ngo-2009-I-odolo yeNtlafozelo