Ubuzima
Umuyobozi ukomeye wa Libiya Muammar Kadhafi ni umunyapolitiki n'umuvugurura warose umudendezo n'ibyishimo ku mugabane wa Afurika n'abantu be. Yakoze impinduramatwara, ihirika umwami, kandi icyarimwe yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'igihugu cye.
Itariki nyayo y'amavuko ya Muammar ntirazwi, nk'uko bimeze mu buryo bumwe, yavutse ku ya 7 Kamena 1942, mu yandi masoko, 1940 n'andi matariki yanditseho. Ubuzima bwa Minisitiri w'intebe buzaza bwatangiriye mu muryango wa Bedouin hafi ya Casre Abu Hadi, km 30 kuva Libiya Simbiya.
Nyuma mu kiganiro, yashimangiye inkomoko, abwira ko ari abantu buntu kandi bishimira kamere, kuko babaga mu mahema. Yari umwana muto mu muryango, ku ya gatandatu, n'umuhungu w'ikinege. Mama yayoboye urugo, umukobwa afasha muri uyu mugore. Data, Nomada ahantu hamwe, arenga ihene n'ingamiya.
Umuhungu yagiye mwishuri afite imyaka 9. Kubera ko se w'umuryango wasangaga abonye ibihugu bishya, byinshi byerumbuka, umuryango we wahatiwe kuzerera. Rero, Muammari yahoraga ahindura amashuri, yakiriye amashuri yisumbuye mu bigo bitatu bitandukanye by'uburezi. Kubera ko nta mafaranga yari afite mu muryango, kandi ntamenyereye Data, yiteguye kuba umuhungu, nyuma y'isomo Muammar yagumye mu musigiti waho arara aho. Ababyeyi baje ku bwinjiriro gusa, gutsinda km 30 n'amaguru.
Ibiruhuko nabyo byabereye mu ihema ry'umuryango. Kandi nubwo inkambi ya Kadhafi yamye iherereye 20 uvuye ku nkombe, umuhungu yabwiye ko atigeze abona inyanja akiri umwana. By, yabaye umwana wenyine mu muryango wize. Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yinjiye mu mashuri yisumbuye ya CECHA.
Impinduramatwara
Ishirahamwe ryambere rya Antipolite mubuzima bwa Kadhafi rigaragara mumashuri yisumbuye. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bayo bari bato, Muammar yigaruriye umwanya ukora. Intego yabo nyamukuru kwari uguhirikwa k'umwami, utanyuzwe numuntu. Mu 1961, umusore yakoze imyigaragambyo hamwe nabandi bitabiriye uyu muryango, batavuganye kutumvikana n'umusaruro wa Siriya kuva mu mato. Imvugo ya nyuma yabwiye Kadsafi ubwe, yirukanwe ku ishuri, kubera ko yateguye gahunda yo kurwanya guverinoma.
Abasore bakomeje gushimangira, bashyigikira impinduramatwara ya Alijeriya. Abayobozi ntibagereranije kwihangana kw'urubyiruko, bandika Abaammar ku bateguye, yarafashwe bwa mbere bwa mbere, hanyuma boherezwa kuva mu mujyi. Mu busore bwe, yari afite imbaraga, yagerageje gushaka intego zabo, bityo ingamba nk'izo ntizitera ubwoba gadhafi. Yarangije kwiga mu myitwarire yiyita nabi, maze nyuma yimyaka mike, yize muri kaminuza ya gisirikare i Benghazi, amaze kwakira ipeti rya Liyetona.
Yakoreye mu nkambi ya gisirikare kandi bidatinze akwiriye guhindurwa mu ntera ya Kapiteni. Imbere y'Ubwami muri Libiya yahiritse, umugabo yakorewe mu ngabo z'Ubwongereza, mu gihe yakurikije imigenzo ya kisilamu, ntabwo yakoresheje ibinyobwa bisindisha kandi yitwara neza.
Imyiteguro yo Guhiga Ikomeye yatangiye mu 1964. Mbere ya Kadhafi yaremye iyi ntego umuryango witwa "Ososus" ("Abashinzwe Ubumwe Ubumwe Ubumwe Ubusabane"). Kuri urwo ruganda, abapadiri batoranijwe neza, biga imico yabo, amahirwe yabo kandi bareba imyumvire y'abakozi muri rusange.
Impinduramatwara yabaye mu 1969. Mugihe itsinda ryamaze gukora gahunda yimikorere. Kandi nubwo kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, igihe cyayo cyimuwe inshuro 3, ku ya 1 Nzeri, guhirika kwamanda byatangiye. Abayoboke b'abagize umuryango washyizweho, aho Abaammar bavuganye na Kapiteni, batangira gukora ibikorwa byo gufata no gushyiraho ibintu by'ingenzi bya gisirikare ndetse na leta. Bahisemo kuvuma muri Benghazi, Tripoli n'indi mijyi minini y'igihugu.
Imikorere yatangajwe mu gihugu hose, usibye gutereta kure, imitwe yo kurwana rero yafashe ibintu mbere yo gutangira isaha yagenwe. Mbere ya Muammar, habaye umurimo wo kubona kuri radio ya Benghazi no kugenzura imikorere aho. Kuri radiyo, igihugu cyose cyumvise ubujurire bwa Kadhafi, wabwiye abantu ko "reaction na ruswa uburyo" bwononekaye "bwahirijwe.
Ubwami ntikikibaho, bidatinze yakoze inama y'itegeko ry'impinduramatwara (CRC), kandi igihugu cyahinduwe Repubulika y'Abarabu wa Libiya. Muri icyo gihe, Kadhafi yakiriye ipeti rya Koloneli maze agirwa umuyobozi w'ingabo z'igihugu.
Inteko Nyobozi
Basanzwe muri SRK, mu 1970, Muammar yagizwe Minisitiri w'intebe na Minisitiri w'ingabo. Ingamba za mbere zafashwe na Leta nshya ni kwirukana ibirindiro by'ibindi bihugu byo mu gihugu cya Libiya, isabanyabubasha rya banki z'amahanga n'ubutaka butunze Abataliyani, ndetse no guhinduka muri kalendari. Umushinga w'imyaka watangiye gukorerwa ku tariki y'urupfu rw'umuhanuzi Mohammed, ahindura amazina y'amezi.
Mu 1971, gusubiramo byuzuye amategeko yaremye mugihe cyangoma cyatangiye. Noneho amategeko yose yari ashingiye ku mahame ya shariya ya kisilamu, urusimbi n'ibinyobwa bisindisha byari bibujijwe rwose mu gihugu. Yanyuze kandi ku isuku y'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwa politiki nshya, yarwanyije impinduramatwara no gushyiraho guverinoma nshya. Mu 1979, amategeko ya Shariya yaje kuba mu gihugu.
Hamwe no ku butegetsi, Muammarinze ubumwe bwe mu mibereho n'ubukungu n'ibya politiki mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, uko atekereza ko hagira iterambere rusange. Kadhafi yerekanye akazi kayo mu gitabo kibisi, cyerekana urufatiro rw'igitekerezo cya gatatu cy'isi.
Ngaho, ibitekerezo bya Islamu byahuye neza nibitekerezo bya anarchiste byu Burusiya (Kropotkin na Bakunina). Mu gice cya mbere, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho rusange bya Jamahiriya, mu 1977 byasohotse kandi byabaye ku mugaragaro ubutegetsi bw'igihugu.
Tumaze kwemera igikoresho gishya, guverinoma irashonga, kandi muri icyo gihe, komite nshya, komite y'ikirenga, Ibanga na Biro. Umunyamabanga mukuru yagizwe Kadhafi. Kandi nubwo nyuma yimyaka 2, umugabo yahaye abayobozi b'umwuga, kuva icyo gihe avugwa kumugaragaro nkumuyobozi wa revolution ya Libiya.
Gahunda za Gadhafi nyuma yo kuza ku butegetsi hari ingingo nyinshi. Umugabo yashakaga guhuza Libiya n'ibindi bihugu by'Abarabu, maze mu 1972 ahamagarira abantu b'abayisilamu kugira ngo bakemure Ubwongereza na Amerika kugira ngo babohore kwa Palesitine. Yohereje abategetsi be mu mfashanyo ya Uganda mu mpera za 1970, ashyigikiye Irani mu ntambara na Iraki kandi yashinjwaga gutegura umugambi wo guhirika umutware wa Sudani Jafar Mohamsry.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, umugabo watangije gushiraho urwego rwihariye rufitanye isano, ingingo zabo zizakemura ingingo zitavugwaho rumwe mubibazo bya politiki muburyo bwa politiki. Mu 1970, Muammar yahamagaye kuri Chelny umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Africa muri Isiraheli guhagarika umubano na Isiraheli, kubera intambara yatangiye.
Ibihugu byinshi byubakarabu, byerekanaga Isiraheli, ibiciro bya peteroli, hanyuma bigatangazwa nyuma yo gutanga ibicuruzwa bya peteroli muri Amerika no mu bindi bihugu byashyigikiwe na Isiraheli.
Ibi byose bireba politiki yububanyi n'amahanga. Hamwe no kuza kwa Kadhafi kugera ku butegetsi mu gihugu, ibintu by'ingenzi nabyo byabaye. Haracyariho abagerageje guhirika guhirika, kubera ibyo yabujije gukora imitwe ya opdiveli na minishi. Byongeye kandi, abakozi n'abanyeshuri babi ntibashobokaga ko amategeko, yatangijwe kandi kubera itangazamakuru.
Ariko, hariho ibivuguruzanya mubikorwa bya Kadhafi. Ibi byemejwe n'uru rubanza igihe umugabo yerekanye ko yinyerera ku batavuga rumwe na gereza asozwa muri gereza. Yitabye ibilindi yamennye urugi rwa gereza, arekura imfungwa 4 za politiki ku bushake.
Mu myaka y'ubuyobozi, Muammar yagize uruhare runini mu gushyiraho Repubulika. Iyaba 27% byabaturage bari babishoboye, nyuma yo guhindura Libiya no gukora amasomero menshi, ibigo byimikino nibigo byuburezi, iyi mibare yageze kuri 51%.
Ariko, ntabwo byose byari byiza cyane muri Libiya. Ku ngoma ya Kadhafi, Repubulika yagombaga kwihanganira amakimbirane na Tchad, ibisasu by'Indege y'Abanyamerika, aho umukobwa wa kurera wa Muammar wapfuye, ibihano byAbasirikare bashinzwe umutekano mu bijyanye no guturika kw'indege ndetse n'ibindi bibazo byinshi. Ibyago bikomeye kuri benshi muri Libiya ni ubwicanyi bw'Umuyobozi wabo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Muammar yarubatse kabiri. Umugore we wa mbere ni umukobwa w'umusirikare, yakoraga nk'umwarimu ku ishuri, mu 1970 yibarutse umuhungu. Ariko, umugabo ntabwo yakoranye nubuzima bwe bwite, kandi urubyiruko rwatanye. Umugore ukurikira w'Umuvugurura yari Safari, wamuhaye abana barindwi. Bazanye kandi umuhungu n'umukobwa babiri barera. Buri wese mu bana yageze ku ntsinzi runaka mubuzima.
Kurugero, umuhungu wa gatatu numukinnyi wumupira wamaguru wabigize umwuga, afite izina rya Koloneli mu ngabo za Libiya. Umuhungu wa gatanu kandi ni umusirikare w'ingabo za Libiya, kandi umukobwa w'ikinege yabaye Liyetona-generali, umukobwa yirwanaho Saddam Hussein, muri icyo gihe wari perezida wa Iraki.
Usibye igitabo cyatsi kibisi, igifuniko cyari gituwe nifoto cyangwa ishusho yumuvugurura (bitewe numubwiriza), mubuzima bwe bwose, waamma yanditse ibindi bikorwa byinshi. Muri bo harimo inkuru "iguruka ikuzimu", "isi", "umujyi" n'abandi. Umunyagitugu "umunyagitugu" wambaye ubusa ati: "Pistolet" yambaye ubusa ", izindi mashusho menshi yakuweho.
Urupfu
Mbere y'urupfu ruza i Muammar Gadhafi, mu gihe cyo kuva mu 1975 kugeza 1998 yagerageje inshuro 7.
Mu itumba, 2010-2011, intambara y'abenegihugu yabayeho muri Libiya, abantu basabye ko Kadhafi yari kuva ku butegetsi ava mu gihugu. Ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2011, ibihugu byateguwe byagenze nabi umutego kanjye kandi wafashe Muammar. Abantu bagose umugabo, barasa mwijuru bayobora imashini kuriyo.
Mu minota ishize, yahamagaye inyeshyamba gukurura, ariko ntibyafashije. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi wa Libiya ni Samosod, wize ku baturage be. Byongeye kandi, umuhungu wa Kadhafi yafashe imbohe, yiciwe mu bihe bidasobanutse. Umubiri wa bombi washyizwe muri firigo zinganda kandi uhaguruke buri wese gusubiramo mu bucuruzi bwo guhaha. Bucya, abantu bashyinguwe mu butayu bwa Libiya.
Ibihembo
- 1978 - Sofiya Wubahe Umudari (Mu 2007 yambuwe ibihembo)
- 2003 - gahunda ya Prince yaroslav ubwenge bwanjye
- 2008 - gahunda ya Bogdan Khmelnitsky I dogere
- 2009 - gahunda yumudelizi