Biography
I-Augusto Pinochet - Jikelele Jikelele, ipolitiki, i-Commander-kwintloko yomkhosi, iPro-americarator. Ukufika kwamandla ngenxa ye-coup ye-coup, i-tyran ye-tyran svarc ekhethwe ngokwentabalala ye-racracraticaral barchielists yaza yaphelisa amandla abantu. Umbhali wohlengahlengiso olujolise kwinkululeko yezoqoqosho, wanika "ummangaliso" waseChile ", ifa lakhe lisagxekwa kwaye lihlala liphithiphithi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-AGUSTO JoSé I-Piinochet Walp yazalwa ngoNovemba 25, 1915 kwiZiko loLawulo lwaseChile. Abazali bakhe beAugusto Pinochet Vera no-Alelina, i-Verft Marinez, babeyinzala ye-French nakwiBasque, ababefudukele eMzantsi Merika ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xix. Utata wasebenza kwizibuko, kwinkonzo yamasiko, kwaye umama wakhokelela uqoqosho kwaye bakhulisa abantwana abathandathu.
Ebutsheni bakhe, i-AGUSTO Efunda kwisemina yeSt. Rafael, yatyelela iZiko leCawa yamaKatolika eValparaiso, emva koko, ngo-1931 wangena kwiziko leSantiago. Emva kweminyaka emi-4 yokufunda iJografi yobuchule, umfana othile uphendule ubuchule bomntwana, wafumana isikhundla segosa lase-Alférez kwaye wathunyelwa emkhosini we-Alférez kwaye wathunyelwa emkhosini we-valparaiso.
Ngo-1948, i-ANUSTO EQHAWULEKILEYO KWI-AKANDUM YAKHE, Wayefanelekile kwinqanaba lekomkhulu laza laqalisa ukufundisa iJografi kunye neGeopolics, kunye ne-cien águilas ".
Inkonzo yasemkhosini kunye ne-coup
Kungekudala, iPicechet yonyulwe ngunjingalwazi kwaye yathunyelwa e-Ecuador ukuba iququzelele iZiko loMkhosi. Kwinkqubo yokwenza lo msebenzi, igosa eliselula laqhubeka litshisa i-granite yesayensi yomkhosi. Ukuchitha iminyaka emi-3 kwizikhundla zobunkokeli kumkhosi waseChilean kwaye waphinda wafumana isihloko senkundla yeRejista, iAgusto yathatha isithuba sikaSekela Mlawuli weZiko leSantiago Say.
Ngowe-1968, uzwilakhe elizayo waba umphathi-in-oyintloko kwicandelo 6 eliya kuthunyelwa Ikike, wamkela elikwinqanaba isicima jikelele kwaye endimisela nesithuba trouser Iphondo Tarapak.
Emva kweminyaka emi-4, iPinochet sele ikhokele igarrison yomkhosi waseSantiago, kwaye emva kokurhoxa kwe-carlos prats yaba ngumphathi-mkhosi waseChile. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe lalinyikima, inani leeriots zangaphakathi zafikelela kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo. Umkhosi wawuthatha ityala ngezandla zawo nasemva kokubhengezwa kuka-1973, emva kokubhengezwa ukuba urhulumente akathobeli uMgaqo-siseko, uMongameli wase-El Salvador Allend.
Indima yePinochet kwiziganeko zenzekile ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Kwincwadi yememov, wakrexezela ukuba yeyona nto iphambili kwi-inceraitor elungelelanisa isenzo somkhosi oxhobileyo kunye namapolisa esizwe, kunye namagosa asemkhosini kazwe, kwaye amagosa asemkhosini aphezulu athi umphathi-mali ujoyine i-coup kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kuyo, Ukulandela umzekelo wesininzi. Ababhali beefilimu "eSantiago" bayanetha "kunye" nobusuku ngaphezulu kweChile "bazama ukuqonda.
Emva kokubhukuqwa korhulumente nokuzibulala i-Allende, i-Corpirators yadala umkhosi, iPinochet yayimele umkhosi, kwaye uJosé Toririo Pririno-Mkhosi waseMendoza - i-MEndoo-iCarabrimierov.
Izine ezinqunyanyisiweyo zomgaqo-siseko kunye nomsebenzi weCongress kwaye zaqalisa ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yolawulo kunye nemithetho yowiso-mthetho kurhulumente, ukwazisa ukuba unqaba olungqongqo kunye nexesha elicekeceke. Kude kube nge-17 kaDisemba, 1974, ii-gests zilawula ilizwe, bezimisile izinto zayo zezopolitiko, emva koko iBhodi yayifuduselwe kwizandla zikaPinochet, ezaphula isivumelwano se-pinochet, saphula isivumelwano seChile.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Ekuqaleni kweBhodi, iPinochet izamile ukususa ipolitiki engathandekiyo kunye neenxa zonke. Kwisikhundla sokurhoxa ngokunyanzelekileyo, umphathi wenqwelomoya u-Lee, uJosé Toriario Merio Countral, kunye neNtloko yeCandelo le-Oscari ye-Oscari ye-Oscari yaseOscar.
UMongameli wafumana ulawulo olupheleleyo malunga nombuso ngelungelo lokubhengeza imeko kaxakeka kunye nokusombulula isiphelo semithetho namagosa. IPalamente kunye nePalamente yaphulukana nelungelo lokuvota, kwaye iCongress kaZwelonke yanyibilika.
UChile wafudukela kurhulumente wasemkhosini, utshaba oluphambili lwabhengezwa ngamaKomanisi. Oku kwalandelwa ngengcinezelo ekhohlakeleyo, apho abantu abamalunga namawaka amathathu babulawa, kwaye ngaphezulu kwewaka basalahlekile, kwenzeka ukubulawa kuqala kwibala likazwelonke eSantiago. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwelizwe, iPinochet idala ulawulo olukhethekileyo (i-Dina), echonge abachasi bakarhulumente omtsha. Uninzi lwezopolitiko ezingazange lixhase uMongameli basweleke ezandleni zeearhente zobukrelekrele.
Uqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo lwalulungiswa kwakhona kwaye lwafaka indlela yenguqu kubudlelwane kwintengiso. Emva koko iingcaphuno ezidumileyo ze-distor zavela kumaphephandaba:
"Sizama ukujikisa uChile kwilizwe labanini, hayi abafundisi" "Kufuneka sizikhathalele izityebi ukuze sibanike ngakumbi."Utshintsho olukhokelele kutshintsho kwinkqubo yepenshoni, ethi isuka kusasazo iguqulwe ibe yi-Unonophelo, kwaye ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo lutshintshelwe kwizandla zabucala. Ishishini lokwenza amashishini kwiminyaka yase-Allende abuyele kubanini bokuqala, ekhokelele ekukhuleni kweshishini kunye nengqikelelo enkulu. Ngenxa yoko, ilizwe laculwa kwindlala kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo.
Ngo-1978, i-App yazigxeka i-pinochet, ukukhulula isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Umongameli kaChile uphendule nge-Preferendum ekwakuxhaswayo amandla akhoyo. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, uMcebisi Jikelele olawula uMiling Gusman waphuhlisa uMgaqo-siseko omtsha waseChile, okoko kwagqitywa kwe-8 yeminyaka ye-8 yeofisi yentloko yentloko, kwaye iGunya lezoKhuseleko lweSizwe lisekwe .
La manyathelo anika ukudalwa kwenkcaso exhobileyo ekhokelwa ziinkokeli zeqela lamaKomanisi oPhezulu. Amalungu ayo athabatha imisebenzi emininzi, enye yayo yayililinge elingaphumelelanga kubomi bePinzet, eyenziwe ngo-1986.
Ukujamelana nokunganyangeki okukhulayo kwinkcaso kunye noluntu lwamazwe aphesheya, ngo-1987, iPicechet isebenze ngokusemthethweni kwezopolitiko kwaye yanyula unyulo lomongameli. Isigqibo se-dattor saqhutywa ngokuyinxenye intlanganiso kunye nenqaba yenkolo yamaKatolika ngoYohane Paul Paul II, osele i-agusto ibuyisela ilizwe ledemokhrasi.
Ukulahleka kweVoti ngo-Oktobha 1988, inkokeli yaseChile yahlala unyaka omnye njengentloko yekota yesi-8. Ngo-Matshi 11, 1990, iPicechet idlulisele kulawulo lwelizwe kwi-EasookA Asokar, efumene iivoti ezininzi kwi-Refereendum evulekileyo. I-dabitor yahlala ingumphathi-mkhosi oPhakamileyo wada kwada kwangowe-1998, emva koko waqaqamba njenge-senator yobomi bonke.
Ukuwa kuka-1998, iPicechet yaqala ukubanjwa ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo kwikliniki yaseLondon, kunye nonyaka ophelileyo ophelileyo kwaye kwacela impendulo yolwaphulo-mthetho lomkhosi noqoqosho. Emva kweenyanga ezili-16 zokubhalwa kwekhaya, u-phedtor wathunyelwa evela e-UK kwilizwe lawo, apho uphando kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinendawo enendawo yebhayoloji yegazi.
Ngenxa ye-Ex-Mongameli, iChile yatyholwa ngokubulala, ukuthinjwa, ubuqhetseba, intengiso yezixhobo kunye nokurhweba ngeziyobisi. Phambi kwenkundla, ipinochet ayizange iphile.
Ubomi Buqu
NgoJanuwari 30, 1943, iPicochet itshatile i-InAriart rodriguez, eyayinabantwana abahlanu: i-jacine marie, i-jacqueline marie, auguline osvaldo and marco antonio. Iqabane lomlingane lalingummeli wohlobo olubalulekileyo, odlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bezopolitiko lwelizwe. Ekuqaleni, utata ka-Lucia wayichasa intombi yakhe ukuba utshatile, kodwa wanyanzelisa.
Ubomi bobuqu bePinochet babenxibelelene kakhulu nomsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko. Umfazi waba ngumcebisi oxabisekileyo kubacebisi ngokubanzi, kwaye enye yeentombi ezazama ukuqhubeka nemeko kaBawo, ukuba lilungu leqela elilondolozekileyo.
Emva kokubhubha kukaChile owokuqala eChile, usapho lwakhe lwaye lwabanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokufihla imali kunye nokudluliselwa kwerhafu. Nangona kunjalo, imigudu yamagqwetha inqamle intshutshiso. Ilifa le-vistor liqukethe malunga ne- $ 28 yezigidi, ukongeza, wayengumnini wethala leencwadi elininzi apho baqokelelwa ziincwadi ezixabisekileyo nezingaqhelekanga.
Ukufa
Ukugweba ngeefoto ezenziwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-1990 - ekuqaleni kuka-2000, iPinochet yahlulahlulwe yimpilo eyomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezonyango, wakhululwa ekuthinjweni, waguqulelwa entolongweni ekhaya.
Nge-3 kaDisemba, 2006, uDitoto owayesakuba wayehlaselwa, kwaye wasiwa kukhathalelo olunzulu. Kwiveki emva koko, umenzi wobubi bokufa kwamawakawaka eChile wasweleka kwigumbi lokuhlambela esibhedlele ujikelezwe ngamalungu osapho. Unobangela wokufa yayikukudumba kwemiphunga ebangelwa kukusilela kwentliziyo.
NgoDisemba 10, 2006, abantu abaninzi baya ezitratweni baseSantiago nakwezinye izixeko. Ukufa kwePinochet kwabangela imiboniso yobuninzi kunye nee-rallies phakathi kwabachasi bendlela eqhelekileyo.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, umzimba wangaphambili owawukhutshelwa nguMongameli wahlehliswa kwakhiwa kwesakhiwo seZiko lezoMkhosi kwiiLas liingqele, apho umsitho wokufa uthatha khona. Uthuli lukaPinochet lwanika usapho ukuba liphephe ukungakhathali kwengcwaba.