Biography
UGabdulla Tukai yimbongi yeTatar kunye neprosesi, umgxeki noncwadi olubhaliweyo kunye nomguquleli. Umsunguli wesiko lombongo wesizwe, waba negalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi lwe-Tatar. Ababhali abaninzi baba ngabalandeli bombhali.
UGabdulla Tukai wazalelwa kwilali yaseKushLavych ngo-Epreli 2686. Utata wakhe wasweleka xa inkwenkwe yayingumntwana, kwaye umama wasweleka emva kweminyaka emi-4, eshiya umntwana enenkedama ejikelezileyo. UStephift akazange athabathe uxanduva lokukhuliswa kukaGabdulla kwaye wamnika ezandleni zabaz'omkhulu, u-mulle zurulle. Ubomi bonyana abungekho lula. Ngezo ntsuku, yonke into ibinzima kubo bonke abantu, ke umntu owongezelelweyo endlwini wayethetha iindleko ezingalindelekanga nezingalindelekanga.
Utatomkhulu wafumana isisombululo esihle ngokuthumela umzukulwana ukuya eKazan kwintsapho yokwamkela. Inkwenkwe yamkelekile nobushushu nobubele. Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2, abazali abathi, bagula bagula baza bathumela uGabdulla Esoy. Akukho mntu wayelinde indlu yakhe. Utat'omkhulu waqalisa ukukhangela umntwana okhuselekileyo.
Ukuhamba ngokusisigxina, intlupheko, akukho ngqwalaselo nokukhathalelwa okuchaphazelekileyo i-tuequet, eyayiphelelwe kwaye ibuhlungu. Ugqibe kwelokuba amnike i-sagdi yodidi, awayehlala kwilali yaseKyrlay. Wayehlwempuzeke, kodwa isandla esongezelelweyo esilalini sasihlala siyindawo. Ukusuka kumsebenzi onzima wokukhula apha kwakungekukubaleki nakubani na, kwaye ebuntwaneni kwakunzima ukusebenza.
Ngo-1895 Gabdulla Tukai wanqelelwa kumandla e-Uralsk. Wafumana indawo yokuhlala kwindlu kaMorchan wase-USmanova. Umfana waqala ukufunda ngokutyelela isikolo samaSilamsi. Waqala ukufunda isiRashiya kwaye wabonisa ubuchule kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Indawo ekungqongileyo ihlawule ingqalelo kwitalente yakhe.
Kwiminyaka eli-19, uTukai wenza iinguqulelo zokuqala ngesiRashiya. Imisebenzi awayesebenza kuyo yayiyi-basni ivan krylov. Imibongo yayiqhubekile umfana othile kangangokuba waqala ukuguqulela imisebenzi yababhali baseRussia kulwimi lwe-TATAR, bazisa uluntu ngeetalente zeembongi ezinkulu kunye nababhali.
Ngo-1904, umsebenzi kaGabdiullah waprintwe kwimagazini, inkulungwane entsha ". Ekuqaleni, uTukai wayecinga izithethe zesiArabhu kwimibongo, kodwa uncwadi lwaseRussia lwazisa izinto ezintsha ngendlela yakhe. Imibhalo ka-Alexander uPickkin kunye ne-mingail Lermontov yenze umbono omkhulu kumguquleli kunye nobuchule obuphefumleleyo. Ngaphandle kobunzima obunzima, uGabdulla Tukai wayeziva enoyolo kwaye kwimisebenzi yakhe ebeka ezona njongo zintle kwaye zinemvakalelo.
Imisebenzi yemibongo kunye nentlalontle
Inguqu kunye nexesha lokuphendula, eyaqala ngo-1905, yongeza amanqaku amatsha kwimisebenzi yembongi. Waba lilizwi ledemokhrasi, echasa amandla nongxowankulu. Ingcinezelo yabantu bomthonyama, umbhali awachaza ngemisebenzi, eyapapashwa kwi-Arists. Ubhale imibongo malunga notshintsho kunye neencwadana ezibukhali kulwimi lweTatar.
Ukusebenza umfundi ofundisiweyo kunye neseti yezicatshulwa, ngokuthe ngcembe uTukai waba ngumqeshwa wabapapashi. Wagqiba kwelokuba ahambele ingqalelo kwityala, akhuthaze inguquko, kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso kunye noqhanqalazo. Ngo-1907, uGabrulla wahamba isikolo samaSilamsi kwaye waba yirekhodi epheleleyo yenguqu. Imisebenzi yakhe ngeli xesha babekubunzima beefowuni zokuvusa umoya wokulwa. Umbhali wanika abanye abantu ukuba bakhuphisane ngembeko yomhlaba wakhe wokuzalwa kunye neminqophiso yedemokrasi kwimibhalo enjalo, ngokungathi "akuhambeli!".
UGabdulle jikelele ukuba afike nzima ukuqonda izizathu zokuba kutheni yoyiswa. Wayedidekile, i-themba yethemba, eyathimba imbongi, ibonakala emsebenzini. UTukai wabuyela eKazan, ebona indawo awayesiya kuyo ekomelezeni idolophu yakhe.
Umbhali wakwazi ukuqhelana nabantu abancinci abanokuqhubela phambili kwaye waqala ukuzama eSatire. Kunyaka wokuhlala eKazan, wabhala izincoko ezininzi, imibongo kunye nemisebenzi yontanzololo, ezona zihloko ziphambili zazo zazixhalaba abantu, ukuba nethemba lokungasesikweni, isidima. Umbhali wapapashwa kwiimagazini "Zarnitsa" kunye "nombane". Ukuba ngumbhali onamava, uTukai wakhupha umjikelo wemisebenzi, ekwakukho kwimemori yokukhanya eGadaiya 'kumhlobo wakhe osenyongweni.
Umbhali akazange athandabuze ukuchaza iingcinga neemvakalelo ephepheni, esabelana nomfundi. Imisebenzi ye "Gennet" kwaye "ibuyela eKazan" enxulumene neli xesha lobuchule, yenza ngokucacileyo ukuba umbhali akasekho kwihlabathi lezinto ezinobunkunkqele, kodwa exabisa ngokuqinileyo nenyaniso yekhaya. Wayefunwa kumsebenzi kwaye phakathi kwe-nesligiafeelia. Imisebenzi eyenziweyo ngo-1911-1912 yabhalwa phantsi kwempembelelo yeengcinga ezingathandekiyo malunga nelizwe labo kunye nelizwe.
UTukai wenza uhambo ecaleni kweVolga. Wayetyelele i-Astrakhakhan, apho wadibana khona nalapho badibana khona. Ngentwasahlobo ye-1912, imbongi yayihamba e-UFE ukuya e-UF. Petersburg, apho imibono yotshintsho kunye ne-nellixiner igxilwe ngexesha. Imvakalelo yohambo yadityaniswa nembongi i-Minariman Narimanov, iguquko i-mullanur vallanur vallanur vakhitov kunye nombhali waseMagitur Gafuri.
Iingxaki zempilo, sele ngeli xesha, zazise ngokwabo, azizange ziyeke imbongi. Ukusuka kwi-St. Petersburg, waqhuba waya eTeterk, kwaye ukusuka apho wayegcina indlela eya kwiKazakh Steppe, enethemba lokunyanga ngokungummangaliso nge-Kuisma. Ukubuyela eKazan, uGabdulla Tukai waqonda ukuba isiTariting ukuqala sasingabuyisi. Umthwalo ophezulu kunye neemeko ezimbi zobomi babuhlungu. Kodwa isimo sengqondo semikhosi asizange sitshabalale kumaphepha emisebenzi yalo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngokutsho kwememo yexesha lexesha, iGabdulla Tukai ilinde amantombazana, ineentloni ngenkangeleko yakhe. Ngethamsanqa kwaye iphantsi, ngesisu kwiliso, enyanzelwa ukuba inxibe iiglasi ezimnyama, wayengakholelwa ukuba angathanda umntu. Imbongi ayiyivanga iMOD, kuba ayivumeli imali, kwaye kwakungekho mdla kule nto. Imali epokothweni yakhe amaxesha ngamaxesha ivele, kuba iimpapasho zizise iifizi, kodwa uTukai akazange afe: Usasaze ematyaleni ngaphandle kokubuya, wanceda amanye amahle.
Amantombazana kwaye eli tyala labonelela ngemiqondiso kaGabDulla, elinde iofisi yomhleli, kwaye imbongi yakuphepha zonke iintlanganiso. UZutan Mavlyudova, intombi yomrhwebi, iphinde yaphupha ngokwazi. Usebenzise uncedo kwizalamane. U-Fatih Amirkin wazisa intombazana kwimbongi xa wayedlala noogxa kwiimephu kumshicileli. Intlanganiso yokuqala yayilixesha elifutshane: UTukai akazange abonakalise mdla, kwaye ifumene i-fickten. Bantu abaselula babona izihlandlo ezi-5.
Intlanganiso yesibini yenzekile ngamathuba: UTukai waphawula intombazana kwifestile yetram kwaye wamkele. Okwesithathu, eli phulo labonisa iZaitan. Unxibelelwano lwabo luthatha ixesha elide. UTukai wajonga, wayehlala esiya, kwaye ukuthanda ummelwane wamgcina phantsi kwayo nayiphi na intelekelelo. Umdlalo wesine wathanda ithuba ukuba azive ukhululekile.
Bachitha ixesha emva kolo lwangokuhlwa, behamba ezantsi esitratweni. Kwixesha lesihlanu, abantu abaselula badibana kwi-ofisi yoHlelo. UZutan usuka eKazan ukuya kwi-chistopol kwaye waya kuthini. UGabdulla wathembisa ukuba uza kwi-pier ukuba athi goodbye kwaye engafikanga.
Kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva, xa uTukay wayekukuwa kwakhe, uZutan weza kumtyelela esibhedlele. Walinda imvume yokungena kwiwadi, kodwa uGabdulla wawavala. Emva kwexesha, le ntombazana yatshata isicaka secawa, unyana wakhe nomzukulwana wakhe baba ziimbongi. Ngaphambi kokuba umntu afe, umfazi wacela ukumngcwaba kufutshane nengcwaba likaTuka. Kwilitye lakhe, imigca laliqingqiwe kumbongo onikezelwe kwintanda.
Ubomi bomntu i-gabdullah tuka ayisebenzi. Wayengenamfazi nabantwana. Ukuva kude ukusweleka kokufa, iimvakalelo zazikhulisa kwi-Zaitun.
Ukufa
I-biography ye-titar ye-Tatar ifutshane. Wasweleka eneminyaka engama-26 ngo-Epreli ka-1913. Unobangela wokuthabathwa waba ngumdla, ubunzima yindlala. Sebenza kwiNdlu yePrinta enothuli ngo-1912 eyandayo esi sifo. Ukufa kukaGabdulla Tueet sele ilahlekelwa noncwadi kunye nobugcisa.
Ngoku inzala yomsebenzi wembongi, uluntu ngokubanzi kunye noguquleli luxhaswa kwinqanaba likarhulumente. Kwinkumbulo yeGabdulle Tuka, iMyuziyam yoLonwabo yavulwa kwiKazan. Kwisikwere kwisitalato i-puckkin, ebizwa emva kwembeko yakhe, kukho ityesi kumbhali, kwaye imifanekiso yakhe ihonjiswe ngeencwadi zezifundo kuncwadi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni inikezelwe umntu, echaza i-biography ye-Tuka kwaye yimizekelo yemisebenzi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1905 - "Kwinkululeko"
- Ngo-1906 - "I-Parasites"
- Ngo-1906 - "urhulumente Duma"
- Ngo-1907 - "zeziphi i-shakdraes"
- Ngo-1907 - "ayiyi kumka!"
- Ngo-1907 - "Shiraile"
- Ngo-1908 - "amaNcinci"
- Ngo-1908 - "Sezaya Bazaar okanye i-kisekbash entsha"
- I-1911 - "Get"
- I-1911 - "DACHA"
- Ngo-1912 - Ulutsha "
- Ngo-1913 - "Ithemba Labantu ..."