Biography
I-Pavel Filonov yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zeRussian Anth-Garde, umculi, imbongi kunye notitshala. Isikolo sobugcisa bohlalutyo, owabhala inani lemisebenzi ye-theoretical angekelwe ekupeyisweni kwengqondo, yashiya i-canvas yelifa, eyayiquka i-canvas njenge "Mpuma", "Nyathela" kunye nezinye izinto zobugcisa ezinayo Yiba lilifa lesizwe emva kokuba umntu embhali.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov yazalelwa eMoscow ngoJanuwari 8, 1883. Abazali - abathunywa babenenkululeko yommandla waseRyazan. Utata uNikolai wakhonza njengo-phedrement, kwaye umama uLyudmila wahluthwe abantu abazizityebi. Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi elula kunye nabasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga, inkwenkwe yafumana imfundo yesibini kwisikolo saseMoscow saphumelela kuyo njengomnye wabafundi beklasi ababalaseleyo.
Ngo-1897, intsapho yafudukela eSt. Petersburg, apho uPawulos waqala khona ukulawula ubugcisa bezinto zobugcisa kwi-Festic Masters, emva konyaka wangena kwiikhosi zokuzoba ezazilungiselela abasebenzi kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho babucala abalungileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba ngeli xesha, umfana othile wagqiba kwelokuba ufuna ukuba yingcali, kwaye waqala ukulungiselela ukwamkelwa kwi-Academy, ukutyelela izifundo zokuzoba.
Izakhono ezifunyenweyo azange zanele ukufumana ukwamkelwa ngempumelelo kwiziko lemfundo eliphezulu. Izihlandlo ezithathu ezilahlileyo, i-filonov iphumelele indawo yasimahla kwaye iminyaka emi-2 yatyelela iikhosi zokupeyinta kunye neeshedyuli, amava asemthethweni, amava athabathayo amaziko anetalente yeCertersburg Art.
I-ECLASTES yayinomdla omncinci kwi-Filonov, wafuna ukwenza intetho yentetho kunye ne-Outdate, edale umsebenzi wokuqala kwisitayile, asifanelekanga kubugcisa bendabuko. Abafundisi-ntsapho bangenakho ngokungxama, ubuso bezabala kunye nenqaku ngendlela, bonakalisa abafundi abakhutheleyo. Ngenxa yoko, uPawulos wanyanzelwa ukuba ahambe iiklasi, ebeka umnqamlezo ephupheni malunga nokufumana idiploma.
Indalo
Ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe kwi-Academy yeFilonov, ndadibana nabameli besikolo saseRussia, esibizwa ngokuba "manyano Lokuqala", kwaye sijoyine lo manyano. Umsebenzi kaPawulos wawulungelelene ngokwenziwa ngobuchwephesha kuluntu oluvavanyiweyo, kwaye ngo-1910 wazisa kumboniso umboniso wokuqala wentloko. Ukusuka kulo msebenzi waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba rhoqo kwi-piener upesters kwimiboniso ehambelana namalungu oManyano.
Ubhale kwaye wafaka umfanekiso "wosapho oluhle" kunye "nomthendeleko ookumkani", owenza umbono ongathandekiyo noxinzelelo ngenxa yamagama angowamileyo angowamileyo kunye ne-palette ye-Asymmetric.
Ukuziva ukuba imisebenzi ifuna inkcazo, ngo-1912, uPilon wabhala isincoko esibizwa ngokuba "yiCanon nomthetho", apho amaqhosha okudala ', abuphindezela ubunye bendalo kunye nokufundiswa kweenxalenye zayo, atshintshiwe kwaye ihlala ikhula. Eli nqaku, elenziwe phantsi kwempembelelo yembongi vemira khlebnikov, owaba ngumhlobo kaPawulos, wabeka isiqalo semisebenzi yeqela lemisebenzi.
Emva kokuwa "kweManyano yoLutsha" i-filonov United namalungu eMug kwaye ikhuphe indalo yokuyila ebizwa ngokuba "nguSomaties obizwa ngokuba yi" ufourse "yenza umthetho". Ababhali ngamnye be-smehor babizwa ngokuba yi-atom okanye iyunithi yesenzo ", equka ukungcungcutheka kwefom kunye nombala, kunye nomgaqo esisiseko wokuzoba kwanikezelwa ukuba bathathe izenzo zendalo.
I-casvasus zikaPaul ngokwazo ngokwazo ukubiza "iifomula", zithetha amandla omxholo kunye neyantlukwano yolwazi olubonakalayo. Ukulandela ezi zinto, uPhilon wabhala uthotho lweepeyinti "zegalelo kwiLizwe", leyo leyo iye yaba ngumfanekiso oqaqambileyo wokubonakala. Kwii-wivales ezingama-22, iipeyinti ezimnyama ezizalisa iimilo zejometri zejomerric zadityaniswa kwi-arstrings kwaye zenza imvakalelo yezinto eziphilayo ezivela kubunzulu bendalo kwaye zibonakalise ukungcangcazela komgangatho wamanzi.
Imfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nohlaziyo luka-Okthobha lalandela ixesha elithile, iPilon ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuyila yakhutshwa. Umculi ubuyile kuluntu ngo-1918, ukuba sisipikili senkqubo yemiboniso elungiselelwe kwibhotwe lasebusika phakathi kwabameli bohlobo, izitayile kunye neendlela eziqhubekayo.
Ukuphuhlisa umbono owenziweyo 'wobugcisa bohlalutyo ", uPawulos wayebhalela ngenkuthalo ngeepeyinti kunye neebrashi. Ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya ku-1922, wadala umsebenzi obalaseleyo, phakathi kwe "fosmograd proletariat" kwaye "ifosmos" kunye "nefosmos". Kwangelo xesha, umbizi waba ngumphandi weSikolo "Sombul 'i-Artical" (MaI) kwaye wazama ukukhuthaza ezakhe iithiyori kwiMetropotmy.
Ukuthandwa komntu onotitshala wegadiyeli wayengakhathali, izimvo zayo azifumananga zicelo phakathi kwabafundi kwaye ngenxa yoko zaliwe ukuba zikhokelwa ziikhomputha zemveli. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezifundwayo zifundwe kwi-faculbies zokuzoba kunye nekroli azizange zihlale zingasetyenziswanga kwaye azisebenzi. Ngokusekwe kubo, uPavel Nikolayevich wabhala "isibhengezo se-Global Sayday" ", leyo yaba luxwebhu lwenkqubo kwithiyori yexesha leSoviet.
Xa uziqhelanisa, imigaqo-nkqubo ye-filonov yafumana intetho yomsebenzi obalulekileyo "kwifomula yasentwasahlobo". Ilaphu le-250 cm nge-85 cm labhalwa ngebrashi ecekeceke, i-stroke yayo ngokuchaneka kunye nentetho epasileyo inkqubo yokuhlaziya umfanekiso wehlabathi. Imvakalelo yokuvusa indalo ukusuka ekulaleni kobusika yenziwa ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwemibala ecocekileyo, ibonisa wonke umda omkhulu we-canvas.
Ukuba luhlobo lwe-apotheosis yethiyori ye "Ubugcisa bohlalutyo", lo msebenzi ubonakalisile ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo lokunxibelelana kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kunye nokudibana komntu ongaphandle.
Ezona zinto ziqaqambileyo zahluke ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso "Izilwanyana", ezibhalwe ngo-1925-1926. Izidalwa ezingeyonyani zinobuso obugqwethekileyo zaba zisiseko sendawo elusizi yedolophu eboniswe ngesimo sengqondo esingalunganga somculi, i-utshatile edolophini yendawo yendalo.
Ingcinga enjalo ayizange ilingane iikheno zoluntu olutsha lweSoviet, ke ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1930s, kunye namanye amagcisa angqinayo baqalisa ukufumana ingcinezelo kwabasemagunyeni. Imiboniso yakhe yarhoxiswa rhoqo, kwaye imifanekiso eboniswe yahlukaniswa ngokwakho. Ukuvalwa kwemibutho yokuyila kuphelisa imisebenzi esemthethweni yesikolo i-mai kwaye yalihlutha kumsunguli wempilo.
Ngenxa yoko, iPavel Nikolayevich kwafuneka ukuba enze ingozi kwaye ayeke inxenye yomzobo ukuba abhale abathengi abaliqela, phakathi kwawo "i-stalin ye-I. NO" NKWENZA "ivenkile" yetrektara "ezahlulahlula.
Le misebenzi ithengwe nguRhulumente ingenise ingeniso ye-artist, kodwa ingena kwindalo yasimahla yendalo ye-Deraftion kunye nokudakumba, eboniswe kumjikelo wepeyinti phantsi kweMfazwe yeLizwe enkulu. U-riptych ubonakalise ukungavumelani nolawulo kunye nokuvuma ukukhusela eyabo iinjongo zokudala. Waba ngomnye wemisebenzi yokugqibela ye-avangardist pavel nikolayevich filonov.
Ubomi Buqu
I-themist 'yohlalutyo "yayitshatile, kodwa yayingenabo abantwana bakhe. Ngo-1921, waqukumbela umtshato onomtshato oqhawule umtshato uAlexandrovna Serebryova, owayeneminyaka engama-20 kunomculi waza wakhulisa oonyana abathathu.
Iinkcukacha zobomi bobuqu befilonov nenkosikazi yayo, inzala yafunda kwidayari, equka iincwadana ezininzi ezinamanqaku amaninzi. UPavel Nikolaevich wabhala ukuba yena noRina baphila kumagumbi ahlukeneyo kwaye bakhokela kwikhaya eyahlukileyo, kodwa ubudlelwane buphilile. Iqabane lixhale iinkosi kwaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje limsindisile ngokoqobo ekufeni lalambileyo.
Ngo-2002, iingcinga zomculi ezipapashwe ngohlobo lweencwadi zebhayiloji, zisidibaniswa ngokutsha komsebenzi kunye neefoto ezivela kwindawo yogcino lwezobugcisa.
Ukufa
Ngo-1941, xa amaJamani aqala ukubhobula kukaLeningrad, ifilonov yayizisindisa eyakhe ipeyinti, eyayiphezu komgangatho ophezulu wendibano engafakwanga. Umsebenzi wobusuku obude kwi-attic, owokugada umsebenzi owuthandayo.
Ngenxa yoko, iPavel Nikolayevich yayibanda kwaye nge-3 kaDisemba, ngo-1941, wasweleka kwisifo esibangelwa sisifo esomeleleyo. Kuluxwebhu lwaseburhulumenteni olusesikweni, unobangela wokufa womculi yinyumonia.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, iManyano yeLeningrade ye-Artists ilungelelanise intlanganiso enikezelwe kwimemori yeenkosi ezazinqumle ehlabathini, apho igama lebilonov lakhankanywa phakathi kwezinye iitalente.
I-Pavel Nikolayevich yangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba aseSeraphim Cormeatem, kwaye ipeyinti yakhe yanikwa ukuba ilondoloze oodade, ibe kamva yazisa iMyuziyam yaseSt. Xa udlulisa ilifa lomculi, abagcini begalari babonisa ukuba ezinye iipeyinti zanyamalala.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1912-1913 - "etafileni"
- Ngo-1912-1913 - "Indoda noMfazi"
- 1912-1913 - "Umthendeleko ookumkani"
- Ngo-1914 - "Usapho Ohlelelekileyo"
- Ngo-1915 - "iintyatyambo zehlabathi heyday"
- Ngo-1920-1921 - "Ukoyisa ngonaphakade"
- Ngo-1925-1926 - "Izilwanyana"
- Ngo-1928-1929 - "IFomula Spring"
- Ngo-1934-1935 - "Abadli"
- Ngo-1940- "Persies"
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1912 - "Canon nomthetho"
- Ngo-1914 - "Iworkshop eNgcolileyo yabaPeyitha kunye neDrawer" yenza imifanekiso "»
- Ngo-1915 - "Uthintelo O I-Dered World"
- Ngo-1922 - "ukubhengezwa kwe" World Heeday ""
- Ngo-1923 - "Ingxelo"