Biography
Phakathi kwabameli bendlu ye-impem yeRomanov, akukho mntu ungakhange abonakale kwaye engathandekiyo kunoPeter Alekseevich - umzukulwana kaPeter i kunye nomphathi wesithathu waseRoma. Wajoyina itrone nomntwana waphumelela ebomini, engenaxesha lokukhula. Ke akukho mfuneko yokuthetha ngezenzo ezikhulu kunye nezisombululo ezinzima zikarhulumente.Ebuntwaneni
UPeter II wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg nge-12 kaOktobha, 1715 kwaye yayisisiqhamo somtshato we-Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Bralotte-Wolfestidyess Bracebook. Umtshato wenzelwe ukomeleza amakhonkco onxibelelwano phakathi kweRussia, eJamani nase-Austria, ngoko Pemois Iturest wanyanzelisa.
Akazange ahambe malunga nobambiso wentliziyo phakathi kwentetho, endaweni yoko, ucoceko lwalusekho, kodwa abantwana ababini bazalelwa kusapho kusapho. Udade kaNatalia wayemdala kunoPetros. Bantwana abanyulu, inkedama, umama wafela ngomhla weshumi emva kokuzalwa kukaTsarevich, utata wakhe wasinda kwiminyaka emi-3. UAlexey Petrovich watyholwa ngokuzama ukuzama, kwaye ngonyaka we-1718 wasweleka kwinqaba ye-PetropavlovSk, elinde ukuzaliseka kwesigwebo sentambo.
UPeter Alekseevich kaPetros mna nodade wabo uNatalia. Ukuphakanyiswa kwekamva loMlawuli wabethwa kwicala lasendle ngexesha lobomi bukayise. I-nannies enxilayo yayibandakanyeka emntwaneni owayewele kwi wayini ukuba iphephe inkathazo engafunekiyo.
Imfundiso yeDiploma kunye neendlela zangena kwishedyuli yemihla ngemihla yenkosi entsha. Kude kube lixesha elithile, uPeter II wayengaqwalaswanga njengomgqatswa wetrone, kuba uPeter ndazalwa ngelo xesha inkalipho ngqo yazalwa, kwaye yonke iminqweno yayinxulunyaniswa naye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusweleka koonyana bobabini (Khetha uAlexey ngo-1718 kunye nobutsha no-Pevenile Peter ngonyaka ka-1719) banyanzelisa uPetros ukuba mkhulu ukuba anikele umzukulwana. Umlawuli ofundiswe i-menshikov ukuba uzibandakanye kwi-Grand Duke, kwaye wazincamathisela kubafana bootitshala: Imbewu ye-Dycy ye-Dycttey Maurine neHungary Ivan Ivan Ivan Ivan. Iziqhamo zomsebenzi wabo zamkela kuphela inkosi, kuba emva kwexesha wafumanisa umzukulwana ngokuthi angazazi, engazifundi iincwadi, kodwa waphinda waphinda waphinda waphinda wathandana naye.
UPETROSEI wafumana umcebisi onzulu sele ebhalwe ngolawulo: I-Diplomat Andrei Ivanovich osesterman yaphakanyiswa ukuba ifundiswe ingqondo kaTsarevich. Kodwa wagqiba kwelokuba ayitshintshe imfundiso yokuzonwabisa. Ngenxa yoko, umlawuli wesithathu waseRussia uchazwa ngababhali-mbali njengento ekufuphi kwaye basebenza - omnye umfana ongafaniyo engqondweni nangeetalente ezikhethekileyo.
Ukusebenza nzima kunye nokugcina unkosi engakhange abonise, kwaye utyekelo olubi oluthe kratya kulutywala kunye ne-idles zilula kakhulu. Abantu bexesha elinokwenzeka bongeze abo banjengamakhadi, iqhinga kunye nenkohlakalo emfanekisweni woMlawuli.
Phakamisa itrone
UPeter Ndasweleka ngo-1925, ngaphandle kokuqesha umntu ongena uphela, kodwa enexesha lokuthatha umthetho ekudluliseleni itrone kuphela ngeefestile ezingqalileyo kwilayini yendoda. Usebenzisa ilungelo elitsha, iPrince Alexander Menshikov eneneni yahlala etroneni yomfazi wayo owayebhale uMlawuli - Katherine I.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi okona kusiphumo saziyo ukubalisa isangqa esijikeleze uPetros, ecinga ukuba umthetho wakhe ungakude nekona. I-sernakas entle ikhuphisana kunye nelungelo lokuba zizintandokazi zenkwenkwe, kwaye okokuqala kulomzabalazo zikhokelela inkosana yaseMenshikov.
Isivumelwano sokuvavanywa sikubona ukupheliswa kwe-empress kwaye bekucwangcisiwe ukuba yiTrasti kunye nomcebisi onomcebisi oselula II, xa egqobhoza etroneni. Inkosana ibeka zonke iinzame ukuba i-Ekaterina ifayo ndisayine ummiselo ekudlulisweni kweTramo Pester II, ukufunga amalungelo eentombi zakhe. Kwinkcaso, i-Menshikov yamazi ukuba wazi ukuba ngubani owatyikitya isigwebo sentambo ngotate Poter II, uAlexey Petrovich. I-Velmazby isoyikiswa nempindezelo yomlawuli wexesha elizayo.
Nge-6 kaMeyi, 1727, uMlawuli wasweleka, kwaye uPeter oneminyaka eli-11 II waba ngumlawuli omtsha. Umlawuli wobutsha wayengenakulindeleka ukuba athathelwe ingqalelo ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yobudala. Ngapha koko, umzimba olawulayo yayiliBhunga eliPhezulu leNgcaciso, kwaye iRegent eyayiphantsi kukaPeter AlekseyeEvich yayikokokuqala ukuba nefuthe le-menhikov, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengenkosana eqaqambileyo.
Nge-25 kaFebruwari 1728, umsitho oqinisekileyo weCoronition Pefete II. KwakuseMoscow, apho umlawuli wafudukela kwiyadi yakhe.
Ibhunga lolawulo
II PROS II yayisemandleni kangangeminyaka emi-3. Ngapha koko, ulawulo lwelizwe lwenzeka nge-interia. Ukuqhubeka nomgca kaPeter Enkulu wafunyanwa ngamazwi, enyanisweni yahlula ubuncwane, ubunzima kunye nokuzabalaza kwimpembelelo kumlawuli oselula.
I-MONSHIKOV ihleli kwiintandokazi, nangona wayekwazile ukumisela kumphathi-nkosi kunye nentloko yoBukhosi baseRussia. Ukungoneliseki ngamandla akhe angaqhelekanga aqokelelwe, kwaye ibhotwe lokwazi yayifuna iindlela zokuphelisa inkosana enkulu.
Isitshixo soMlawuli oselula sachongwa iinkosana zaseDolgorukov: Ngaphambi kokuba ewele itrone yenza inkwenkwe ukuba ulawulo lufanele kuphela. UDolgorukov ukhuthaze ukuthanda ukuzonwabisa kukuzonwabisa, engazange achase, kokukhetha ukuzingela nokuqina kunye nemilo ye-fists inkxalabo yeLizwe.
Kwaye ukuba eMonshikov, inani lezinto ezidumileyo kwicandelo lomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya zamkelwa, emva koko emva kwe-Opals yakhe, iMicimbi ye-State yaqhubeka nayo yonke i-Samiok. Abandwendweli bamanye amazwe bakuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwe lilawula isiphithiphithi esipheleleyo kunye nengypose, xa kungekho mntu ukukhathaleleyo nantoni na, kwaye yonke into itsalwa kuye.
Kwixesha le "Monhikovsky" likaPetro I, imicimbi yatyikitywa, exolela amatyala amaxesha amaninzi kwaye enika uxolelo kubantu abangeneleli kwixesha lokuhlawula irhafu. Ithambile "Igatya lezohlwayo": Imizimba engaphezulu yezaphuli-mthetho yayingaboniswanga kwisoyikiso ngokubanzi.
Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo welinye ilizwe ugxile kubudlelwane borhwebo: Inani leempahla lincitshisiwe kwaye lichithwe ngokuyinxenye ukuze kwandiswe ukuvela kwamanye amazwe kwaye, ke, ingeniso ye-Ofisi kaMongameli.
Ngokuza kumandla eDolgorukie malunga notshintsho kwaye kwafuneka ndilibale konke konke. Ngeli xesha, iingxaki zaza zalawula kuyo yonke indawo: Umkhosi kunye nezithuthi zaziwile kakhulu, intlekele ibiyintlekele ecaweni, ukuphanga, idimazekile, kunye neentlekele zemvelo. Ekuphela komsitho obalaseleyo owenzekileyo ngexesha lolawulo lukaPeter II yayikukuvulwa kwe-arrit harting ngo-1730.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bekamva loMlawuli bazama ukulungiselela ukususela kweyona minyaka idlulileyo.
Umbuzo we-swarotia wenza iingxaki kwaye wabenempembelelo ukwazi kwiinkampu ezinentiyo. Ukuxolelanisa onke amaqela, i-Vice-Chancellor osterman inikezwe ukufumana i-Tsarevich peters i-Elizabeth Petrovna. Wayengadibani nento yokuba uBawo uElizabhete wayenenkwenkwe eyayinomthendeleko wakhe. Ngethamsanqa, iiphemoni zecawe azizange zivume inyathelo elinjalo.
UAlexander Menshikov wayengenayo imiqobo ye-canonocal ukuze atshate noPetros kwintombazana yakhe. Ke ngoko, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba bejongelwe ngamakhwenkwe etroneni, inkosana yayimnqula ekhaya kwaye ngoJuni 1727 wafumana uMariya nentombi yakhe.
UMariya wayemdala kunokuba wancitshiswa iminyaka engaphelelwa yiminyaka emihlanu kwaye wabhekisa kuye. Kwaye uMlawuli oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala kwaye wajonga konke kwilizwi, engafuni kutshata. Nangona kunjalo, umtshato awuzange wenzeke: generic kunye nomsebenzi wokumazi ngokuchasene ne-menshikov, owayenayo emva koPeter ndinamandla kunye nefuthe.
Iqela eliphikisayo, apho iinkosana zaseDolgorukov, u-Osterman kunye no-Elizabeth olandelayo uElizabhete wakwazi ukumisela isisa esitshatileyo, kwaye ekuweni kuka-1727 uMenshikov nosapho lwakhe bagxothwa eSiberia, baphulukene nepropathi yabo, amalungelo. Ngokuhambelana, ukubandakanyeka noMaria olahlekileyo.
Omnye umzamo wokutshata u-Emperor wathatyathwa kwakhe iinkosana ze-dolvory. NgoDisemba 1729, baye bafumana uPetros II nenye yeentombi zabo, iNkosana i-Catherine. Umtshato wamiselwa ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 1730, kodwa lo mfana akazange aphile ngomhla ohlulekileyo ngokoqobo kwiintsuku ezilishumi.
Ukufa
Umlawuli uPeter II II kaJanuwari 19, 1730, ngaphandle kokuphila kunye neminyaka eli-15. Unobangela wokufa waba yinto enkulu ye-incoxpox.
Ngosuku olungaphambi kosuku, kumthendeleko wobhaptizo, iparade kunye nenqanaba lesebe lamanzi kumlambo weMoscow. Imini yayiqhwa kakhulu, kwaye inkosi entsha yabanda. Waqala umkhuhlane onamandla, kwada kwathi gqi, xa athe uPetros amthandayo, ade aphile.
Ukusweleka komlawuli kwakuhamba kunye nezintlulelo. IPrince Ivan Dolgorukorukov, ikukomeleza umbhalo wesandla, wabhala umyolelo, ukuba itrone yesiRashiya yazuza njengelifa udade wabo uCatherine. Yayikunye naye kungekudala nje ngaphambi kokuba inkosi ibethendele. Ibhunga eliyimfihlo alinzima ukubhenca ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Lo mfana wasweleka ebusuku ngelasebusuku kwi-letharevo Palace yeMoscow. II PROSEI ingcwatyelwe kwiRoyal Necropolis yeKhorcongilsk ikati ye-moscow kremren.
I-Russia, iinkulungwane ezili-16 ukuya kwezi-16 zazibonakaliswa ngefashoni kubapolisi. Ichaze ngakumbi i-biographies yabalinganiswa abaqaqambileyo abasweleka basebancinci. Olu tyekelo kunye noPeter II akazange ajikeleze. Umyili wobuxoki wavela iminyaka engama-20 emva kokusweleka komlawuli, kodwa wakhawuleza wabhencwa kwaye wayengenalo ixesha lokuba ube linani elibalulekileyo.