Biography
I-Furoof Nasen - umphandi weNorway kunye nomhambi, inzululwazi kunye nomfanekiso woluntu. Ungene kwiBhunga leCopenjagen yeHlabathi yokufunda iilwandle kwaye wanikwa i-Nobel yoxolo ibhaso. UNanyama weza netekhnoloji yokubala ukubhabha kwinqanawa kwi-Drift, ephuhlise uluhlu oluchanekileyo kunye ne-barometer. Ukhokelele kwimisebenzi esebenzayo yentlalo kwaye wayephakathi kwabahlanguli bengingqi yeVolga ngo-1921. I-Navigator ikwaseka iArhente yeembacu eGeneva, eyathi ngo-1938 yanikwa amabhaso e-Nobel yehlabathi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Norwagian edumileyo yazalwa kufutshane neOslo ngo-Okthobha 10, 1861. Isixeko sabizwa ngokuba yi-Critia. Iingcambu zomthi wosapho wakhe zikhokelela kwi-DEnes. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, ookhokho bakwaNisen bafudukela eNorway. Njengomntwana, inkwenkwe yayihlala kwiManor kaBawo Fren. Umzali wakhe wayeligqwetha eliphumelelayo. Abathathu abantwana bakhuliswa kusapho: uAlexander no-Einar kunye noDade Sigrid.
I-Nasonnov yayinoqeqesho kunye nocwangco ngexabiso. Uthando lwezemidlalo lwanikwa unyana kwasebuntwaneni, kwaye ngakumbi umama waba negalelo kule nto. Ukususela kwiminyaka emi-2, i-furoof sele ibisithi, kwaye kwi-15 waba ngumthathi-nxaxheba opheleleyo nosisigxina kwimincili. Inyaniso enomdla: Ngo-1877, uNansen wabeka irekhodi lehlabathi ekutshatweni kumda we-1st. Emva konyaka, waba yintshatsheli yesizwe kwi-Sking. Emva kwamagxa amahlombe yayizi-12 ezinjalo iintshatsheli.
Imfundo ephakathi nesen ifunyenwe kwi-gymnasium. Utata wayefuna uNyana akhethe umsebenzi onzulu, mhlawumbi, ukuqhubeka netyala lakhe. Ke ngoko, ukunyanzelisa ukukhupha amaxwebhu kwisikolo somkhosi. Ukuyila ngohlobo, umfana wayekuthanda ukupeyinta, kodwa isayensi yakhe satsalwa. Akazange aqhubeke notata wakhe, athabatha amaxwebhu esiya esikolweni aze angenele iyunivesithi yamaKristu, esenza isigqibo sokufunda oochwephesha bezilwanyana.
Ukutya okwakuthandile ukwazi umhlaba, ngoko ngeminyaka engama-20 emva kwamagxa omfana othile obene-4 ye-4 yokubhukuda kwi-Arctic uLwandle lweArctic. Njengenxalenye yomsebenzi kwibhayoloji, uSururofot wahamba kwinqanawa ebonakalayo phakathi komkhenkce, efunda ulwimi.
Ukuhlolwa ngoncwadi kunye nobugcisa be-NEANSEn uqhubeke: Funda imidlalo yeHenric Ibsen kunye nemibongo kaNdikhoyo. Umfana omncinci wayesazi isiNgesi, isiFrentshi kunye nesiJamani. Waqala nokwenza izifundo zokupeyinta.
Uhambo kunye noPhando
Uhambo lokuqala lwanika umdla ekufumaneni iindawo ezintsha kumphandi kwaye wathumela imisebenzi yayo ebhedini awayezalisekiswa kuyo. Ngo-1883, i-furoof yafumana idiploma kwaye inyule kwiMyuziyam yaseBergen, apho yaba ngumlondolozi wesebe lezilwanyana. Wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Ngo-1884, uNason wenza umnqamlezo owodwa kwiintaba ukusuka eBergen ukuya eChristia, emva koko waphumelela ubusuku bokutsiba e Huma. Kunyaka emva koko, umphandi onezinto ezinomdla zenguqulo wafumana imbasa ebomvu yomsebenzi kwi-shotology kunye ne-anatomy yaseMysmomid.
Ukususela ngo-1885 ukuya kwi-1886, uNanyan wasebenza kwiDyunivesithi yaseParma, naseNaples kwiSikhululo seNdalo yaseYurophu. Umfana wawude wanikezela ngembasa yegolide ye-Royal Anchelicans yeSayensi yoPhando, awakhokela ngokufunda izinto ezithile ze-tishu ezona. Kungekudala isayensi ye-novice ifumene isidanga sobugqirha walo msebenzi.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zomphandi ngeli xesha yayiyinguqu kwithafa le-Greenland kunye nenqanaba lentsimi ukusuka empuma ukuya eNtshona. Kwakuchasene nendlela eyahlukileyo yecala lasentshona, elabanjiweyo. Umatshini wokushicilela wabandakanyeka kwii-peres, kwaye uNosen wayeziqeshwa, eqokelela uhambo. Kwakukho umxhasi, obonelela ngemali encinci yephulo. Kwaye inxenye yeendleko ijolise kwi-Indol yeGolide ethengiswayo, itshintshelwe ngawo i-bronze yophando.
Entloko yokuhamba-hamba yayinguNayonan ngokwakhe. Wamema naye u-Otto Sverdrruup, onamava ohlangatye kwaye ophulukene nengcali kunye nengcali yokusinda, kunye neskiti ye-Olaf Ditrichson kunye ne-Chrional Trana, umyeni we-Reindeer Joliel Balt. Abahlanu abanesihlanu baqhubeka nohambo lokuya eScotland, emva koko i-Iceland.
Kanye kwimpuma yeGreenland, iqela lafikelela kwi-ice ebhadanisa i-Ice 20 km ukusuka elunxwemeni. Umhlaba apho wawungafundwa khona, kwaye abantu kwakufuneka baqubudene. Abahambi babamba i-rots, apho iqondo liye lafika khona - 40 c. lishiya indlela echaziweyo nge-17 kaJulayi, nge-1888, iqela lafika kwindawo oya kuyo ngo-Okthobha 3.
Abahambi bazongamela i-660 km yeGreenland ice. Baba ngowokuqala kulo mba, baqokelela ulwazi lwezenzululwazi kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwemozulu. Ngo-1890 nowe-1891, uNisen wakhupha iincwadi ezi-2 malunga nohambo lwalo: "Ukuhamba nge-Greenland" kunye "nobomi bukaEkimos."
Imbono elandelayo yeFurofofa yajika ingozi ngakumbi. Umphandi wagqiba kwelokuba aye kwindlela eya kwi-North Pole. I-Nanken ngokuzilungiselela iyile inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba yi "FRAM". Inqanawa yayifanele ukunikezela ngexesha lokukhululeka kunye nokucinezelwa komkhenkce, ukudlula ekuhambeni nasemantla mpuma ukuya kwiziqithi zeNovosibirsk, kwaye iqela lalikhwele inqanawa.
Umbutho wasebukhosini weJografi we-Great Britain yagxeka isicwangciso sokuhamba. IPalamente yaseNorway yabenza inkxaso-mali yamawaka angama-250 amawaka, onyanzelise i-nasen ukuba aqokelele iqela lakwaNorways. Isiqwenga senkcitho sathatha abaxhasi: I-Oscar Dickson inike izixhobo zombane, i-Eduard Toll ilungiselele iziseko ezincedisayo kwiziqithi zeNovosibirsk. Ekulahweni kweqela lanika izinja ezingama-35. Iinkxaso-mali zephulo leNkampani "iDadebury" kunye "ne-nor", ezazinamathela kwiqela ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe.
Nge-24 kaJuni, 1893, abantu abayi-13 phantsi komyalelo kaNanyan badlula kwiphondo, emele ukuba banele iminyaka emi-5, kwaye ngevolumu yamafutha eyanele iminyaka emi-6 yohambo. Kwizin 'ezi-600, abantu abayi-13 zenzeka kwiqela. Emva kokuba edlula emantla eSiberia, ngaphandle kokufikelela kwiziqithi, i-furofo yathatha ikhosi ukuya emantla nasekupheleni kukaSeptemba "Fram" ekhutshwa emkhenkceni.
Ukusuka kwi-pole yabahambi, umgama omde wahlukaniswa kunenzululwazi ecwangcisiweyo. I-furoof ithathe isigqibo sokuqhekezwa kwaye kwinkampani ye-Yalmser Johansen yeya kwindawo oya kuyo. Umsebenzi wajika waba nzima. Abaphandi bajika batshintsha indlela eya emhlabeni uFranz uYosefu. Iqela alizange lifikelele kwibheli, kodwa lalisondele kuye bonke xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abaphandi.
Emva kweenyanga ezi-3, la madoda asemhlabeni eFranz uYosefu, apho basinda khona ebusika e-dumiout evela kwizinto zezilwanyana namatye. Iimeko zemozulu ezinobuchule, ubunzima bobukho bendawo engakhange bube nezakhono zezazinzulu ukuba zilungelelaniswe kwaye zisinde. Ngehlobo le-1896, kwafunyanwa umoya "wenqanawa", owabambisa abakhweli eVardo emva kwephulo elineminyaka emi-3. "IFRAM" ifikile ekhaya emva kwexesha.
UNanken akakheki ngokuchanekileyo umkhondo wokuqhuba, kodwa wanika igalelo elikhulu kwisayensi, eqokelela idatha kwiJografi yendawo, imozulu kunye nolwandle. Inguqulelo entsha yobunjineli yenziwa kweli phulo, elaba yindawo enokufudumeza indawo yokufudumeza kwiimeko zePolar. Yakhiwa nguNasen ngokwakhe.
Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zenziwa yiFuroof zaye zaphembelela eminye imisebenzi. Waba ngumphathi weenqanawa. Iminyaka eliqela ishiywe ukuze kulungiswe ulwazi olufunyenwe kuhambo. Ukusuka phantsi kwentsimbi uNanyama wapapasha incwadi ethi "" FRAM "kuLwandle lwePolar, elalidluliselwe ngoko nangoko kwiilwimi zasemzini. Umsebenzi wapapashwa phantsi kwegama elahlukileyo - "kwilizwe lomkhenkce nobusuku." Ukubhala kuprinte kapeliwe.
Phakathi kohambo olulandelayo lwaluhambo lokuya eSavalbard kunye ne-alloy kwi-Steamer emlonyeni we-Lena River. Wayehlanganiselwe kwi "FRAM" kwiphulo leAntarctic, kodwa, abagulayo, banikezela kwinqanawa ngu-Amundsen ngo-1905. I-furoos ikwahamba kwindlela ephezulu yase-Seberia yaseSiberia. Ukususela kumhambi we-1920 umhambi othathe inxaxheba kulungiselelo lohambo kwiAntarctic, eyacetyelwe ukubanjwa.
Umsebenzi wesayensi i-fuuroof i-nasen idityaniswa nemisebenzi yoluntu. Ngo-1906, waba ngunobangela waseNorway e-UK kwaye wabamba le posi i-2. Kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, umphandi wayeyindawo efanayo eUnited States, kwaye ukusuka nge-1920s iminyaka emi-2 wayenguMkomishinari omkhulu wobukrelekrele bezizwe. Wayesebenza nemicimbi yamabanjwa emfazwe evela e-USSR. Ngo-1921, i-Oceanogir idala uncedo "Uncedo lwe-NESEn", enika inkxaso kwingingqi yeVolga egameni lombutho wezizwe ngezizwe.
UNason wayenyanisekile ngokunxulumene nentshukumo yeBolshevik kunye nokwakha i-USSR.
Ubomi Buqu
Iqabane lakhe uEva laar lalidlalwa indima enkulu kwi-biographle ye-tegrodfa nanjn. Umhambi uthathe intombi yogqirha wezilwanyana odumileyo nombingeleli uMikali Sars ngonyaka we-1868. Intombazana yayilintshukumo yegumbi kunye nomnini weMezzo-Soprano. Wacula unyango, onomdla kubugcisa kwaye wathanda ukushukuma. I-Eva yeyokuqulunqwa kwengubo yebhinqa yokufunxa sking.
Ubomi bomntu buqu baphuhlise ngovuyo. Wayemthanda unkosikazi wakhe wawanika ukuba inikezele "kwi-flama" ngaphambi kohambo olubalulekileyo ngo-1892. U-Eva walinda ukubuya kweqabane. Xa wayemkile, lo mfazi wazala intombi. I-liv encinci yabona uBawo sele eneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ngelixa umyeni ebengekhoyo, uEva wabandakanyeka kuphuhliso lokuyila, kwaye umsebenzi wakhe waphumelela. Ukuhlonitshwa kwabafazi abathandayo, uNanyan babizwa ngokuba ziziqithi ezi-2 emhlabeni Franz Joseph Joseph. Emva koko, kwavela ukuba esi sisiqithi, kwaye namhlanje uye kuthiwa yi-EVLAS.
Emva kwe-1898, abantwana abane babonakala kwintsapho ye-NESSEn: Odd kunye no-Osmund, core kunye neRmelin. Eluthandweni kunye nemvisiswano nonyulo lwabo, uFurocho waphila de kwangama-1907. U-Eva wasweleka kwithuba apho uNasonn wasebenza njengommeli e-UK. I-Assance ephindaphindiweyo itshatile ngo-1919. Intanda yakhe yaba yi-Sigrun Munte.
Ukufa
Imihla yokugqibela yobomi be-Oceanographer Furofor Nasen yadibana ngoxolo noxolo kwi-lintla lakhe le-lusaka ecaleni kwe-Oslo. Inzululwazi yabakho kangangesithuba senkqubo yentliziyo, eyayibangela ukufa.
UNasonn wasweleka, edlala kwiveranda nomzukulwana wakhe. Umphandi wahlulelana ukuze atshise umzimba wakhe kwaye alususe uthuli ngaphezulu kuka-Oslo Ford, owenziwe ziizalamane zakhe nezalamane zakhe.
Imemori
Namhlanje, isikhumbuzo esiya kwi-Ontianopher esidumileyo sikwindlela enkulu ye-Gigshinsky. Kukho ukwakhiwa komnqamlezo obomvu waseRussia, ngoko ke lo mfanekiso wajika wangabi nanxaxheba kule ndawo. Ukuvulwa komfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenzeka ngo-2004 kwaye waphelelwa lixesha kwisikhumbuzo se-100 sobudlelwane bohlobo oluphakathi phakathi kweRussia naseNorway.
Imifanekiso yabaphandi ipapashwa ezincwadini kunye neencwadi zezifundo. Banokubonwa kwiimyuziyam nakwi-Intanethi. Ukuhlonipha i-Oceanogither, iBhaso yeCommissane ye-UN ye-UN inikwe igama, elinikezelweyo qho ngonyaka.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1904 - "Emantla ngasentla"
- Ngo-1915 - "ukuya kwilizwe lekamva"
- Ngo-1928 - "phakathi kwamatywina kunye nebhere
- Ngo-1937 - "Skiing ngokuPhezulu"
- Ngo-1937 - "Ubomi be-Eskimos"
- Ngo-1956 - "FRAM" kuLwandle lwePola "