Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imitya emincinci yokukhanya esibhakabhakeni, ngokukhawuleza inyamalale kwaye ihambe ngokwazo emva kwayo imvakalelo ebangela umdla. Abantu bababiza ngokuba ziinkwenkwezi eziwayo. Ngapha koko, ezi ziingcambu, iintsalela zendawo okanye i-asteroids, ivutha ekungeneni kwemozulu yomhlaba. Kodwa kuyenzeka ukuba umzimba we-cosmic unokuwoyisa iqokobhe legesi kwaye ufikelele kumphezulu weplanethi, owenza umonakalo obalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, "I-tuusia ye-tuusia iye yaba lundwendwe olungamenywanga ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela.
Malunga nendawo apho undwendwela olungalindelekanga oluvela kwi-cosmos ekude lwawela emhlabeni, nakwiinyani ezinomdla kunye neethiyori, zidibene nayo-kwi-24cm ye-24cm.
I-tuusite ye-tuusisian yawa nini
Yintoni imingxunya emnyama? Iinkwenkwezi ezidlulileyo nezizayo
UBOMI BASERussia, osele bekhona ngelo xesha lesigameko, iphuli yomlambo ityhubhu i-tucuska empuma yeTungsia - yayilapho kwi-tuusia ye-tuusia kwaye yawela ngentsimbi yesi-7 malunga ne-7 ngentsimbi yesi-7 kwi ntseni.
Lo msitho wahamba kunye nokucofa okuqinileyo kokukhanya. I-PHOOMEFI YAMABHUNGA ESHINOFORN iqaphele utshintsho kumbala wemoto ikhukulise isibhakabhaka-Waba bomvu, tyheli, emva koko babemhlophe. Kwaye abantu ababekumasubdiyo bempembelelo entle bavavanywa bubushushu obungenakuthelekiswa nanto, benokuthelekiswa noko kuvakala xa kusekufuphi umlilo ovulekileyo.
Into
Into eqaqambileyo ye-fezzzle eqaqambileyo yemvelaphi ye-cosmic, imilinganiselo yawo yayizimisele ngokungagungqiyo, yangena kwimozulu yomhlaba. Ngokuhambelana noku, izandi zeva, zifana nezingqengqeleka zendudumo. Ngokutsho kuka-Ivan Murzinov, ilungu le-academy ye-cosmonautics. K. E. TsiolokavKyk, umzimba we-conterrestrial yayililitye leMeteleoorite, elihamba ngesantya esimalunga ne-20 km / s kunye nokuqhuma kwi-KM eyi-35-45 ye-35-55 ukusuka emhlabeni.Iziphumo
Emva kokuwa kwe-meteorite kunye nokuqhushumba okwaziwayo, okwenzekileyo kwingingqi ye-Taiga, apho kwakungekho ziphoso, kukho isandi esisesikweni - ngelixa iziphumo ze-pismography erekhodiweyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi. Amandla okuqhuma ayelingana ne-15-40 MT kwi-TNT ilingana ne-tenter yesalathiso se-hydrogen bomb.
I-Taiga ihlathi yayingafunyelwanga ngeengcambu - umfanekiso onjalo waqwalaselwa kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-2000 km ^ 2. Ukulandela oku, kwaqhambuka umlilo omkhulu, kwaye ngenxa yempembelelo yamaza aqhumayo emakhayeni, eyayingamakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwi-epicenter, inkqonkqoze iglasi. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo, ukuqala nge-iniberia kwaye iphela nge-Atlantic, ebusuku esibhakabhakeni, i-phenomeno ekhanyayo igcinwe kwiveki ezayo, iphele kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Isifundo sebali
Umhla wenkcazo yokuqala yeziganeko zelo xesha ithathelwa ingqalelo nge-15 kaJulayi i-15, 1908, xa umbono kwintlekele ye-tuusis ye-S. Kulesh ivele kwiphephandaba laseSiberia. Inikezwe kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambili kwi "Liberia Limi" inqaku labahambi kunye ne-EyXographir Alexander Alexander Avenanova esekwe kumakhuhlane kwaye akazange aqhayise ngokuzithemba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iindlela zophando zaqala iminyaka nje emva kokuwa kweMeteorite, nge-1920s, kodwa le nkqubo ishukumise kancinci.Umzekelo, ukukhutshwa kwe-1921-1922. Liqela kuphela lophononongo olutsha oluvela kubahlali basekuhlaleni oluphunyeziweyo, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ikwazi ukuqonde ukuba leliphi indawo ye-cosmic umzimba, ngelixa kwakungekho mathandabuzo malunga nokuqhushumba. Baye baphawula into engaqhelekanga eboniswe kwi-fan yehlathi- ngelixa embindini wemithi eqhubeka nokuma, ukuphulukana nesebe kunye namasebe.
Ulwazi olunentsingiselo ngakumbi luvele ngo-1927: Iqela labaphandi alizange lifumane into eyayifanele ukuba ibanjiwe yi-tuusisian metesia, kodwa yafunyanwa iibhola ze-silicate kunye nemagnetite. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuseke izinto ezifumaneka emhlabeni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba zifikelele kwisithuba.
Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwe-crater, i-cerague ye-sooviet leonid kulik inamathele kwi-hypothesic yemvelaphi ye-meteoric yento engasebenziyo. Nangona kunjalo, kamva wala uluvo lwendinyana ngemozulu yelizwe lomzimba oqinileyo we-cosmic, okhethe ukhetho malunga nokuqhekeka kwayo kwiindawo ezincinci.
Hypothesis
Kukho i-hotpotheses ye-hypotheses ngokubhekisele kubume bembonakalo yomzimba we-tungus, kodwa akukho luvo lweyunifomu ukuba izazinzulu ziya kulandelambelela.
Oku kulandelayo liqela leenguqulelo zenzekile, zivela kokubini kwinqanaba lesayensi nakwindawo yentsomi yentsomi:
- I-Astronomers yamazwe ahlukeneyo akholelwa ukuba i-fit inyanzelekile ukuba isasazeke emhlabeni emhlabeni, ngenxa yokuba i-asteroid kuphela esuka kwilitye isetyenziswe kwi-tungsk meteusoorite. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba into eyahlukileyo yento eyahlukileyo kwaye yaqhutywa ngumjelo womoya.
- Ngeminyaka yee-1940, umbhali wencwadi enomtsalane usebenza i-Alexander Kazantsev, etyhala kude nohlolisiso lwamaNgqina afunyaniswayo, wenza ingcinga yokuba imeko yento ayiyo yemvelo, kodwa yenziwa. Ngokwenguqulelo yombhali ocetywayo, i-tunomenon ye-tuusian luphawu lotyelelo lwabameli bempucuko yokufika kwinqanawa yethu, kodwa amaxhoba entlekele kwindawo yokutyala.
- Ngo-1965, izazinzulu ezivela eUnited States zaseMelika zicebise ukuba umzimba we-tuustesserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserserse iquka i-antratter, ethi, ngokuchukumisa i-chietive yomhlaba, eyenziwe utshabalala. Zidityaniswe kunye kwaye ube ngamandla omnye, akazange ashiye naluphi na uhlobo olubonakalayo.
- Enye yezona hypotheses ezimangalisayo kukuba uNikola Tessa aqhuba esinye isifundo, kwisithuba esagqiba kwelokuba athumele iqela lamandla ukuya kwimpuma ye-Siberia, enyula ummandla olingwayo ngenxa yokuvavanywa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba inzululwazi ngosuku lweencwadi ezifanelekileyo kwithala leencwadi. Kananjalo kwikhadi elixhonywe kwi-ofisi yomenzi, imakisha ityhilwe nje kwezo ndawo apho kwagcinwa khona intlekele itumanon.
Iifilimu, iingoma, iincwadi malunga ne-tuusia metesite
Iziganeko ezinxulumene nokukhutshwa kwendlela yokukhupha kwi-tungus cosmic, kungekuphela nje uluntu lwesayensi, kodwa kwamanani enkcubeko. Kwimibhalo yabo yokufunda, iziganeko zelo xesha zibonisa ababhali baseManuel semenov naseAlexander Kazantsev.
Olona thando lubalaseleyo lwabazalwana base-Arcadiya kunye nabantakwabo eBoris Stiskey, bacetywayo ngabahlobo "NgoMvulo kuqala ngoMgqibelo". Kukho intetho malunga ne-spacecraft eye yafika kwenye indawo apho ixesha liphuma kwelinye icala, oko kukuthi, emva kweentolo zewotshi ezinzulwini zobusuku, ayingomso ", kodwa izolo".
Kwindiza ye-cinematic, iphenyano ye-tungus yakhankanywa kuludwe olungacelwanga "lwezinto ezifihlakeleyo". Kwisiqendu se-tunguska, sixelelwa ngentsholongwane, imbiwayiwe ziinzululwazi ezivela eRussia ukusuka kwiziqwenga zemeteorite. Abameli be-cinema basekhaya bachukumiseke kumxholo wendawo ethathelwa ingqalelo. U-Yuri Moroz kumfanekiso we-Mulrim-River wagqiba ibali lecandelo lokuwa kwe-tuusia metesite ye-tuusia kwindawo yasempuma ye-tuusia.
Abameli beshishini lomculo nabo bangenzi badlule kwi-tungus tynomenon. Umzekelo, kwenye yeziqwengana zeqela le-Metallica, ibali lichaza iimbambano zeembambano zamanye amazwe ezifumaneka ekuweni kwe-meteorite, enceda i-USSR ukuba ilawule i-planet iyonke iplanethi.
Amaxhoba
Ukuthembela ekuvunyweni kweenzululwazi kwiYunivesithi yase-US kunye noogxa babo eRussia, kunokwenzeka ukuba imeko ye-tuusky yento leyo iba yithamsanqa ngenxa yoluntu, ukunciphisa inani Amaxhoba-Imephu ibonisa ukuba indawo yokuwa isusiwe kakhulu ekubeni zingaphi iindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu.
Abaphandi baqhubela phambili kuvavanyo olukhulu phakathi kokuzibonela kwezi ziganeko- baquka malunga namawaka amabini. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuba simise ukuba ngexesha lokuqhushumba kwindawo yoloyiko, kuphela apho abangama-30 kuphela abafunyanwa kuphela. Uninzi lwabantu olutshintshileyo kwaye lufumene ukwenzakala kakhulu, eyaziwayo okungenani malunga nabathathu abafileyo.
Ezinye iindawo zokuwela kwimephu yeHlabathi
Phakathi kokuwa kwe-tuusi meteor meteor, imisitho emibini.
- I-Brazil Tungaska. Ngo-Agasti ka-1930, emva kokuba ilanga libomvu libomvu, kwane imvula kuphumelo kuthuthu, laza lavakala emhlabeni, umhlaba wavakaliswa. Izandi ezininzi zasasazeka ukuya kwi-240 km ukusuka e-epicenter, zavakala kwizixeko ze-nyhasi no-Atalaya-dontory. Abahlali bendawo bayiqonda yonke into eyenzekileyo njengemithambo yasemkhosini - kuphela emva kweentsuku ezintlanu bafunda kuMfundisi we-Fedele D'Fedoro xa bewela emhlabeni.
- Imoto kaVitim. NgoSeptemba 2002, kufutshane nelali yaseMama Irkutsk, ii-Intanethi zaziqaphela imoto eqaqambileyo, i-phenomenon ihamba kunye nezandi ezithile kunye nekhanya. Ngokutsho kokuhlolwa kokuzibonela, umzimba wawuvele nenyanga ebonakalayo, kunye ne-radiance yayo ixesha elide ekhanyisela ihlathi le-Taiga. Kule ndawo apho indawo leyo yenziwa khona, kwasekwa le meko, kwinqanaba elincinci, indawo ephindaphindwayo kwi-podcay tuzyky.
Amatyala okudlula kwimizimba ye-cosmic ngokwemozulu yomhlaba akatshatanga. Ngethamsanqa, ngexesha lobukho boluntu, olu hlobo lweziganeko lwalungakhokelela kwintlekele yehlabathi. Kwangelo xesha, i-teusia metesite, kunye nemizekelo enjengaye, ubungqina: abantu mabahlale bephaphile, kwaye izazinzulu zilandela indawo ekufuphi ukuze zibe nexesha lokuphuhlisa isicwangciso Thintela isoyikiso yomsebenzi.