Biography
I-mikhail chenkov - Umlingisi waseRussia, uMlawuli kunye notitshala wethiyetha. Umzobo wokuyila, wasebenza kwinkqubo yeStanislavy kwaye uyile indlela yombhali. Kwinkumbulo ngokwabo, umzobi kunye nomlawuli bashiya imifanekiso emininzi kwi-DEBS kunye namatye afihlakeleyo, iincwadi kunye namanqaku malunga neenkcukacha zomsebenzi obambeleyo. I-Chenokv liqabane labasunguli le-MKIT, abakwazi ukufikelela ukuthandwa eYurophu naseMelika. Wabeka iintsebenzo kwiindawo ezikwimeko engezangaphandle, waqokelela kwaye wakhokela iisemina zabagcisa bexesha elizayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-mikhail alexandrovich chenkoviv ngumtshana womdlali odumileyo odumileyo u-Anton Chenokv. Utata wenkwenkwe, njengesalamane sakhe, esizamile kuncwadi. Ngo-1888, uAlexander Chenokv waba ngumhlolokazi emva konyaka olandelayo watshata neRhafu eyasebenza nabantwana bakhe. Wamzisa nonyana kaMikhail.
Inkwenkwe yazalwa nge-17 (29) nge-1891 eSt. Petersburg kwaye ukusuka ebuntwaneni kubonakalisa utyekelo lobudala. Bazali babonile, kwaye utata wakhe wayekholelwa ukuba indlalifa yakhe iya kukhula ngumdlali onetalente. I-misha i-susha ifakelwe i-ART ebalaseleyo. Ngo-1907, waba ngumfundi wesikolo seqonga ngendlela ebhaliweyo kunye nobukhemi. I-bibut yenzeka ngaphakathi kwesakhelo semveliso yama-Amateur.
Ootitshala baphawula ukuba i-misha yayiphumelele kakhulu kwimifanekiso emihle kwaye iyakwazi ukubandakanya abalinganiswa abalinganiswa. Ukuqeqesha uqeqesho, lo mfana waba lilungu lethamsanqa lemidlalo ye-suven, esebenze isiqingatha sonyaka. Ngo-1912, umntu omaziyo ngeKonstantin Stanislavsky, uMikhail wafumana isimemo sokusebenzisana ne-MHT.
Ithiyetha kunye neefilimu
Iqhawe lokuqala lethiyeleni lemidlalo ye-moscow ye-Chenokv yaba yiVaska kwi-Ivan Turgenev. Umculi we-novice wabonwabile ukubonakala ngamathemba. Emva koko yaziwa malunga nokuvulwa kweStudio eMht. Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu u-Mikhail wayebandakanyekile kwindawo enkulu phakathi kwesihlwele, kwaye e-studio phantsi kobunkokeli be-Evgen Veshtangov noLeopold Solerzhitsky.Ngo-1913, umzobi waqala wahlukana nelensi yegumbi lefilimu, esenza i-mikhail romanov kwifilimu "unyango lwesithathu lolawulo lwendlu kaRomanov". Ukulandela le filithe ichithwayo kwimifanekiso emi-5 ethe cwaka. Ngokuhambelana ne-studio Scare kwithiyetha ye-ART kwi-ArT kwiMifanekiso ye-Ruise kwiMidlalo "yeHolide", edlale i-Epodova kwimo yeqonga lethiyetha. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, umdlali wawuhlala ubandakanyeka kwizenzo eziququzeleleke yi-Stanislavsky.
I-1915th yazisa indima yendima kwifilimu "yotyando" kunye "nekhilikithi". Uye wangena kwindawo yendawo yeMiloko kwimidlalo "kuMkhukula", owangena kwisitudiyo. UStanislavsky wamema i-chenokv ukuze idlale i-trpleva kwi "Wagur" ngo-1916, kodwa umzobi waphumelela, ukongeza kuxinzelelo kwaxhaswa. Imeko yengqondo yengqondo yomntu okudala yayingeyondlela imbi yokuchaza. Ukongeza, ngeli xesha, umzala, oswelekayo uMikhail wayenexhala kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba ayeke indima.
UChenokv usebenze njengenkqubo yokukhona, eyashunyayelwayo kwisitudiyo sakhe, ephekiwe ngo-1918 kwindlu yakhe. UStanislavsky ngokwakhe ukhuthaze ezi klasi. Umdlali weqonga wakhupha amanqaku aliqela apho uhlalutyo lwendlela eyaziwayo. UMdali waseMkat uye walungisa i-Malvolio yokuqulunqa "ebusuku" kwaye wadlala umlinganiswa ophambili kwi-Eric xiv. Kwi-parallel, i-mikhail yafundiswa kwezakhono zokusebenza.
I-Chenokv yabandakanyeka ekuqulunqweni kwe-Stanislavsky "i-Auntat". Ii-xles zakhe zazinenzondelelo uphononongo lwabagxeki. Abadlali bagxotha amanani okudala eRussia naseYurophu, emva kokuba etyelele abakhenkethi baseLithuania, i-Estonia, iSlovenia nakwiRiphabliki yaseCzech.
Ngo-1922, wavuka e-HERM ye-Studio yokuqala yeMistuo, apho kunyaka olandelayo wayeneminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Umculi waphinda wafika i-hamlet. I-premeere ifumene uvavanyo oluhle, kodwa ngokuphumelela kwe-Chenokhov. Waba ngumculi ofanelekileyo weqonga. Kwangelo xesha linye, isitudiyo sokuqala sabizwa ngegama lesibini.
Ngo-1926, i-studio yayinokuqhekeka. I-chenokv yala ukutsiba uAlexander Ostrovsky kwinqanaba le- "Iingcuka kunye neegusha" ekuqulunqweni kwe-alexei yase-Alexei. I-Anatoly Lunacackerky ingenelele. I-goupe ayifuni kusebenza kunye nekhontrakthi kuye yayingazimiselanga ukwandisa. Isikhundla esinobunzima yayingumqobo kubakhenkethi eUnited States, olwenziweyo Stantislavsky. Ngenxa yenkqubo, i-mikhail cheokhov yaba lelona chiza lesitudiyo lisicelo selikhoboka leziyobisi.
Ukuba yintloko, akazange avume imisebenzi yobugcisa kwaye aqhubeke nokubethwa. Ngo-1927, i-Premiere yefilimu "Indoda kwivenkile yokutyela", ethathwa njengeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-cinegraphy yendoda.
Ukuphonononga indlela yeStanislavsky, ngo-1928 chenokhov ukhuphe incwadi ethi "Indlela yomlingisi". Kwangelo xesha linye, bengakhange baphelelwe ngamandla okuba neenkanuko ezazilawula kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga, wagqiba kwelokuba amshiye, kodwa intlanganiso yala. Umdlali weqonga uthathe ikhefu elincinci ukuze alungiselele impilo, kwaye yena ngokwakhe wambetha kwi-Traika Tapi yomlawuli waseJamani kaMax Reinardt.
Uye wadlala "kumagcisa". Emva koko emva koko walandela umsebenzi kwifilimu "Isidenge ngenxa yothando", "uyolo lolonwabo", "umvumisi '. Njengomlawuli, wabeka "ubusuku beshumi elinanye" kunye "ne-Gabima", efumana ukwamkelwa phesheya njengomququzeleli weqonga.
Umculi usebenze phesheya, wacwangcisa ukuvulwa kwesikolo esisebenzayo eFransi kwaye wenza uMbutho wabahlobo beTeokhov eParis, aqeshisa igumbi lokudlala. Bafumana abaxhasi abaxhasa iprojekthi yakhe ngokwezezimali, kodwa imveliso yokuqala yabonakala ngathi inganesono. Waqala ukuxoxa malunga nentsebenziswano nethiyetha ye-riga yedrama yaseRussia, apho wafaka khona amadlala amaqela.
I-Mikhail Chenkov isebenze kakhulu kwindawo ekufuphi - Latvia, i-Estonia, iLithuania kwaye icwangciswe iisemina, echaza abadlali bendlela yeStanislavsky. Wathetha nombono wakhe wobukho bendalo. Kwiminyaka yo-1935, i-Chekhhov Theatre phantsi kobunkokeli bayo yanika ukhenketho eUnited States.
Umsebenzi weqonga wafumana isimemo sokusebenzisana kwi-English Studio Dartantoton Hot kwaye usebenze apho ukusuka ngo-1936 ukuya ku-1938. Indawo engazinzanga eYurophu ngolangazelelo lwemfazwe lwanyanzela umdlali weqela labantu abafuna ukuthandana nabantu abanentliziyo yakhe ukuze bahambe eUnited States. Apho, hayi kude neNew York, waphinda wacela uMlawuli, ebeka iMidlalo ye-William Shakespeare.
Kwixesha lemfazwe, i-Chenokv yomsebenzi weqonga kwaye yajika yajika i-cinema, iyonakalisa kwi-ribbons "Ingoma eyayithetha ngeRussia" kunye "nexesha lethu." Ngo-1945, i-Premiere yomfanekiso "otyhidiweyo" wawuswa, ukuba umzobi afumene i-Oscar yeOscar. Yalandelwa yitywina "Ghost Rosa", "ifunga!" kunye nabanye.
Ngeli xesha, i-chenokv ithathele ingqalelo enkulu kubafundi. Wakhupha incwadi ethi "Kwindlela ye-Actor", eyachaza umbono wakhe wokusebenza kwinqanaba. Wayenomdla kubadlali, phakathi kwabo noMarilyn Monroe. Umlawuli wayengumbhali wemidlalo kwimidlalo yendawo yelebhu eHollywood.
Iingxaki zempilo zanyanzela uMlawuli ukuba ayeke uMlawuli kwaye agxile kwi-pedagogy. Ukuthetha ngesikolo sakhe, sakhe indlela ye-Stanislavsky, i-chenokv ifumene ukuthandwa ukusuka kubadlali phesheya. Inyaniso enomdla: Isitudiyo somlawuli sasifuthe kakhulu iinkqubo zokusebenza zeYurophu.
Wagxila ekuqulunqweni kwe-trechoire, i-psychotechnic yomdlali kunye nobukho bayo. Ubuchule bukaCechova bafumana ixabiso eliphezulu kwiHollywood, kwaye imirhumo yayinomtsalane kakhulu. Isizathu soku yayinenxeba kwaye kwinto yokuba wayephakathi kwabalandeli bakaStanislavsky, ababekwazi ukusebenza nenkosi.
Ubomi Buqu
I-mikhail chenkovi yokuqala itshatile ngo-1914. Eyona nto yayinyuliweyo yayinguOlga Chenkov, ezaziwa kwisangqa semidlalo phantsi kwegama lokuqala lencwadi. Wayongeza eyesibini emva komtshato. Intombazana ibalelwe ngumtshana wenkosikazi ka-Anteav.
Ukongeza kwintombi ye-olga, kwakungekho bantwana bavela kumaqabane. Njengabazali, le ntombazana inyula umsebenzi wokuyila, waba ngumdlali weqonga. Ubomi bobuqu noOlga khange basebenze, kwaye uMikhail washiya umfazi wakhe ngo-1917.
Okwesibini le ndoda yadityaniswa nomtshato noKsenia Twiller, imvelaphi yaseJamani.
Ukufa
Umfanekiso weqonga wasweleka ngo-1955. Unobangela wokufa yayiyintsomi yam. Ngeli xesha, i-mikhail cheokhov ihlala eUnited States, ngoko umngcwabo kunye nomngcwabo we-irge ngothuli oludlula eLos Angeles. Ingcwaba lakhe likhona kumangcwaba esikhumbuza ihlathi.Iimpawu zokwenza ubugcisa kunye nezinto eziphumezileyo i-mikhail chenkov yayilibele ikhaya elingasifanelanga. Egameni lakhe, lubhenele kweye-1980s. Inkqubo yeChenokv yaziwa, kwaye imidlalo yaxoxa ngayo kwi-par enendlela yeStanislavsky. Ifoto chenokv, kunye neefilimu zokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe, ziya kufumaneka kwi-Intanethi.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1913 - "amakhulu amathathu olawulo lwendlu yeRomanov"
- Ngo-1914 - "Xa Imitya yentliziyo ikhala"
- Ngo-1915 - "ikhilikithi kwiziko"
- Ngo-1915 - "IPHONDO IBAKALA"
- Ngo-1916 - "Uthando luhlelwa lilize"
- Ngo-1927 - "Indoda kwivenkile yokutyela"
- Ngo-1929 - "Iziporho zoLonwabo"
- Ngo-1929 - "Jester wothando lwakhe"
- Ngo-1930-iTraika
- Ngo-1944 - "INgoma yeRussia"
- Ngo-1944 - "kule mihla"
- Ngo-1945 - "Ukulinda"
- Ngo-1946 - "i-rosa ye-Irish Ebby"
- Ngo-1948 - "Texas, eBrooklyn nasezulwini"
- Ngo-1954 - "RACMOOOOD"