Phakathi kweenkwenkwezi ze-reaward yeenkwenkwezi apho indawo yangaphandle isusiwe, kukho izinto zokwenza indawo yokuhamba rhoqo. Oku kubandakanya: I-meteorite, imoto, i-meteor, i-Asteroid. Abanye babo boyisa umoya ojikeleze umhlaba, ukuwela elwandle okanye emhlabeni, ezinye zitshisiwe okanye ziqhushumbe ukuze zinxibelelane nomphezulu weplanethi. La mabhunga e-windows kunye neempawu zabo ziyi-24cm.
Yintoni i-meteorite kwaye yintoni eyahlukileyo kwi-meteor?
Ijele "I-Oular Owl": Iimeko zokuvalelwa kwaye zigwetyiwe
Imeteorite ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yendawo, eyafikelela emhlabeni, ayitshiswanga kwaye ngaphandle kokwaphuke kwimozulu yayo. Isantya somzimba we-interterstionals sithathela ingqalelo i-ranges ukusuka kwi-11 kuye kwe-70 km / s.
Ngokuchaphazela ukwahlulwa kwezinto ezihamba kwindawo enxulumene nesihloko esiphantsi, ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ziyafuneka:
- Fit Izinto ezibongoza ilanga kwaye ziquka umkhenkce kunye negesi. Njengoko usondela kwiyona ndlela iphambili yenkqubo yethu yelanga, i-fit yenziwa umsila, owoluliweyo kwizigidi zeekhilomitha.
- Bollians -Izinto eziqaqambileyo zomlilo zomlomo we-spherical, kumsila we-loop yenziwa. Kwinkqubo yokubhabha, imoto ipapashwa, ifana ne-grblers, ngamanye amaxesha umzimba osezulwini uphononongwa.
- Asteroids -Izinto zokuthintela i-extterrestrials ezinxulumene nodidi lwamaquyutyana yeSolar System. Ukuhamba kwi-orbits ejikeleze ilanga, ububanzi babo buvela kumashumi eemitha ukuya kumakhulu eekhilomitha. Uninzi lwee-asteroids zigxilwe phakathi kwe-orbit ye-mars kunye neJupiter.
- Meteoras -Imizimba ye-cosmic evutha ekungeneni kwemozulu yomhlaba kwaye imele intsalela ye-asteroids okanye iedeni.
Ukuqunjelwa kweza ngaphambili, kufanelekile ukuthi umahluko ophambili phakathi kweMeteorite evela kwi-meteor yeyokuba owokuqala ukuphakama komhlaba, kwaye okwesibini emnyango kwimozulu yemozulu.
Iindidi zeMeteorites
Ukuqulunqwa kweemeteorites zahlulahlulwe zangamaqela amathathu:
- Ilitye (Malunga ne-93%), ikakhulu iqulathe i-silcates. Kukho amaqhekeza amabini: iifolokhwe kunye nawohondries. I-Chondriti ihlulelwe ngenani lomxholo wentsimbi, ikwanayo iKhondra - imithombo ye-spherical equka isilwanyana. I-Ahondrita - iziqwenga zeprofayile zezinto ezingaphezulu komhlaba ezinyinyiweyo kwaye zahlulwe zizinyithi kunye nezityalo.
- Intsimbi (5.5-6%) - Ngaba yi-iron-nickel alloy. Ubume babo kubuncinci obukhulu buneminerali.
- Ilitye lentsimbi (I-1.5%) - zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezimbini. AmaMesociastite angamatye amatye entsimbi ye-meteoip kunye nokungcola kwezilwanyana. I-Pallasites zizinto zendawo ezinezilwanyana zayo zibandakanya amakristali ye-onneine okanye izidumbu zabo.
I-meteorites ifumana amagama abo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokufika, enje, umzekelo, tucusky okanye i-chelyiabinsk ye-chelyoorite.
Yabuya phi iMeteorite eyayibule phi ii-dinookaurs zawa?
Inyanga, enemozulu, esi zizigidi zamaxesha ancinci kunomhlaba, iphantsi kwethontsi le-meteorites. Emva koko, iziqwengana zezinye zazo zithunyelwa emhlabeni-zihlala zibonwa esibhakabhakeni kwaye zibizwa ngokuba "ziinkwenkwezi eziwayo."Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uninzi lwee "Iindwendwe ezivela kwindawo ethi" ukutshisa kwimozulu yomhlaba okanye ukuntywiliselwa elwandle, kukho iimeko ezibulalayo. Nangona amabali malunga namaxhoba amatye awayo evela ezulwini ahlangatyezwa kwi-Okarasky, umsitho wokuqala obhaliweyo uthathwa njengesiganeko esenzeka ngo-1888 eTurkey. Emva koko iMeteorite yangenisa iatmoluthi yabulala umntu. U-2016 naye ubhiyozelwa-emva kokuba etyhobozelwa ngumzimba otyhutyha umzimba okhutheleyo womzimba we-india, umqhubi webhasi wasweleka kwisixeko saseWallor.
I-Astrophysics, emva kokuhlalutya idatha ukusuka nge-1860 ukuya ku-2018, yaqukumbela ukuba imizimba enkulu yasezulwini yayifana ne-Chelyabinsk Meteorite (i-15 ukuya kwi-20 m) emhlabeni qho emva kweminyaka engama-25.
I-chiksulub, ekwisiqithi saseYucatan kunye nee-craters ezinkulu emhlabeni, zinobunzulu be-15 ukuya kwi-20 km kunye nobubanzi be-180 km. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba izenzele i-66-67 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwixesha le-chalk emva kokuwa kwe-Asteroid, imilinganiselo ye-10 km. Amandla avela kwifuthe yayiyi-100 tertatanton eTtatil elilinganayo, oko kukuthi, izigidi zamaxesha esona sixhobo se-thermalide onamandla kakhulu.
I-Space Space ikhwelo kwi-Angle ye-60 °, eyiyona meko imbi kakhulu ngenxa yesixa esigqithisileyo se-sulfured computers comples kunye ne-carbon diokside, i-carbon diogide, i-meteorite yabangela ukuba i-suunami ye-50 -100 m.
Ngenxa yokuthathwa kwethutyana kunye nexesha lobukho beedayinaso, ukuwa ngulo mzimba we-postertrastional kwaye ubizwa ngokuba ngunobangela wabulala abemi bangaphambili bomhlaba. Oku kucingelwa kwenziwa nge-1970s yi-alvares, usapho lwezazinzulu, i-louist louis nonyana wakhe, i-geologistl Walter.
Bafumana nomxholo ophezulu we-Iridium kumhlaba wokuwa, malunga nokufika ukusuka kwisithuba. I-Alvarez's Hypothesis ifumene impendulo kwindalo yoluntu lwezenzululwazi, kwaye ngo-2010, xa izazinzulu zazingaqiniseki, umsitho wakhokelela ekubeni ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba inamandla.
I-meteorites eyaziwayo
Ezona temaorite ezinkulu, ezilungiselelwe luluntu ukuba zichanekile e-Euru, kuthathwa njenge-goba-ubunzima be-3 m. Indawo efumaneka kwimephu, yi-Namibia - Umsitho wenzeka malunga ne-80 yamawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Umzimba we-COSMIC wafunyanwa kutshanje- ngo-1920, umnini wefama yeGobha-Wes kwinkqubo yokulima umhlaba wakhe wafumana into enkulu ye-metallic. I-geob meteorite ukusuka kumzuzu wokufunyanwa kwayo elahlekileyo iitoni ezi-6 kunye ne-84% iquka i-iron, yaye ngo-1955 yachazwa kwilifa lelizwe.
UFukhan Meteorite, wafunyanwa kwisixeko esinye e-China ngo-2000, mhlawumbi esona sixhobo sihle sobuchwephesha esifunyenwe ngumntu. Into ethathwa njengendawo yezulu ibhekisa kuhlobo lwamaPallasites, kwaye kwisakhiwo sayo kukho amakristali yegolide eOlivine, kunye ne "suku" ze-nickel kunye nentsimbi. Kukholelwa ukuba kwenziwe kusekwe kwi-45 yezigidigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwinkqubo yokwenza inkqubo yelanga.
Tunomenon
NgoJuni ngo-1908 kufutshane nomfula, umlambo tucuska kunxibelelwano lwaseRussia bekukho ihla kwi-Space: Isibhakabhaka sakhanyiswa ngamagqabaza esikhanyayo, umbala wezinto zangaphambili, tyheli kwaye mhlophe. Abantu abakhwela kufutshane ne-metoorite yaseTuguscian, ngokuqinisekileyo bawa emhlabeni, bakhalaza malunga nomkhuhlane onamandla.Izandi ezivela ekuqhubeni ziye zeva kumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-1000 ukusuka e-epicenter, iziphumo zezaphezulu zokuqhushumba zarekhodwa nge-seismographs kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi, kunye nemithi esekwe kwi-Square 2000 km ^ 2 zazifumekile ngeengcambu. Izinzwa zabonisa amandla okuqhushumba alingane ne-20-40 mt kwi-TNT elilinganayo. Phezu kwako nje ukuqhubela phambili, izazinzulu zasilela ukufumana umbandela, onokuqinisekisa ukungqubana kwe-cosmic umzimba we-cosmic nomhlaba.
I-chelyabinsk "undwendwe"
Le yimfihlakalo eye yawa eRussia - eChelylyabinsk ngoFebruwari 2013 ngenxa yokubola kwimozulu yomhlaba ye-terstres. Umsitho wawuhamba kunye nenani lamaza aliqela othusayo osasaza ummandla we-chelyabinsk, kwaye wabangela intshabalalo yezakhiwo ezinqamlezileyo kunye nokulimala phakathi kwabantu abangamawaka amabini. Ngokutsho kwe-NASA uqikelela, amandla njengesiphumo sokuqhushumba komzimba wezulu ovela kwi-350 ukuya kwi-500 ct.
Iziqwenga zezinto zokwaphula umthetho zifunyenwe kwiindawo ezininzi zengingqi ye-chelyabinsk, kunye neyona mimandla iphambili ye-COSMIC, i-654 kg, ifunyenwe kwiLake Chebharul, enye yazo ibekwe kwimbali yembali ye I-UURALS eseMazantsi.
Ixabisa malini i-meteorite?
Kwi-Egypt yamandulo, abantu abanoqwalaselo olukhethekileyo baphatha izinyithi ezikwiimeteya ezifunyanwa ngabo, zijonga izipho zabo zoothixo, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukudala ubucwebe. Kude kube yi-40s yenkulungwane edluleyo, imizimba yasezulwini yathunyelwa kwiiyunivesithi zezulu, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1946, ukuthengiswa kwabo kwabakholisa abaqokelelileyo, umtyali-mali nabantu abaye baqala ukubiza "abazingeli kangangee-meterites".Ukuba izinto zokwenza izinto zangaphandle zinomdla wesayensi kwiinzululwazi, ngenxa yokuba noncedo lwabo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde ngakumbi ngenkcukacha malunga nento nexesha elitsha laxa lisenziwa, emva koko labazingeli yindlela entle yenzuzo.
Eyona nto iphambili ye-meteorite yehlabathi ebizwa ngokuba yiFukhan ixabisa i- $ 1.7 yezigidi -Izisiko zayo zovavanyo yayiyi-1000 kg, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwe-il-nivine. Watyumka waziqhekeza amaqhekeza amancinci kwaye ayibeka kwi-audition. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu zokuba umntu onqwenela ukuba ngumnini womzimba omangalisayo wokuzingazeki phaya wavela ukuba angabinamsebenzi.
Ukukhankanya
Iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokukhangela iimeteorites:
- Ukuhlolwa kwendawo yendawo ekuyisweni kwendawo yendawo, ukucocwa kwendawo elandelayo kwizinto zangaphandle kunye nokufakwa kophawu olukhethekileyo.
- Ukukhangela usebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi, njengoko uninzi lwama-tetoorites lubandakanya izinyithi.
- Ukugxothwa okuqalayo emva kwezixhobo ezirekhodiweyo zeMizimba ye-Costterstional.
Ukususela ngo-2019 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, abangama-2021, iinjineli ezivela eUnited States zibandakanyeka ekuvavanyeni kwenkqubo yokufunyanwa kweekhamera kunye nokuqonda ii-quarts ezivela kwimizimba ye-cosmic ngexesha lokuwa kwabo. Inkqubo enobuchule ayikaniki ziphumo zibalulekileyo, kwangaxeshanye kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela iphuculwe kwaye izokufika kwinqanaba elitsha.
I-meteorites ihlaselwa ziingqondo kungekuphela nje izazinzulu, abatyali-mali, abazingeli bezenkqubela phambili, kodwa nabo bathabathela kwinyaniso, ukuba ngokubeka inyani kumcimbi wemizuzwana emfutshane, eshiya ngasemva ilogo eqaqambileyo emfazi kunye nemvakalelo yokunxibelelana nendawo engenasiphelo. Kodwa uluntu lwesayensi alumele ulityelwe ukuba, kunye nobuhle, iMeteorite ithwala isoyikiso soluntu. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wokufumana amaqumrhu ongezelelweyo kumanqanaba okuqala okuqala emhlabeni akufuneki atshabalale kwi-ajenda.