Biography
UMarkoce we-American Marcer Creko yinkosi eyaziwayo yehlabathi, emi kwimvelaphi yokuyilwa kwetekhnoloji yokupeyinta yecandelo lemibala. Ilifa lakhe, inani lama-836 lisebenza kwi-canvas, ngoku lilinganiswe ngamashumi ezigidi zeedola kwaye zibekwe kwigalari enkulu yohlanga eNew York kunye neMyuziyam yeTisnen-Bornemis eMadrid, kwaye kakhulu Iipeyinti ezixabisekileyo "i-orenji, i-orenji, ipeyinti" etyheli ibonwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo. "10", "(" Royal, i-Royal, ibomvu ").Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMark Rotko, owayebizwa ngokuba nguMarcus Yakovvich uRotkovich, wazalwa ngoSeptemba 25, 1903 kwidolophu yaseVitebsk, kwindawo ye-daugavpils, iZiko loLawulo lwe-Latvia ngoku. Inkwenkwe ifumene imfundo ebanzi kwaye yafunda ukuthetha nokufunda ngeelwimi ezintathu. Kwimeko apho abameli bonqulo bakwaJuda bakhuliswa, izityholo zonqulo nezobupolitika zihlala zisenzeka, kwasekupheleni kophawu lokuqala kunye noMarkshop ubudala noodade ababehlala kwingcinezelo noloyiko.
Lo mfo wakwazi ukufumana imfundo kwisikolo samaYuda esiko, emva koko ukhusele abantwana ekweya emkhosini kwinkonzo yoBukhosi baseRussia, olu ntsapho lwafudukela eUnited States. Kunqabile ukuba bazinze ePortland, u-Rorkovich wasinda kwintlekele enxulumene nokufa komzimba, kwaye lo msitho wabenza bangavumi ukwenza ubukho bawo bahlelelekileyo kwaye baqalise ubomi babo.
Logama nje umama kunye nabantwana abadala bakunyuse iindlela zokutya, uMarcus ngonyaka ka-1921 waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo saseLincoln kwaye, waba lilungu elisebenzayo loluntu lwesiNgesi, ukuba nengqondo yeengxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukusela iingxaki zemicimbi yabantu abasebenzayo kunye namalungelo abasetyhini ekusebenziseni iiProjekthi zeZicwangcisi, apho wavela i-haywood edumileyo, apho i-Emma ivele.
Ukuziva ubize ubugcisa, umfana wangena esikolweni uyilo kwaye waphulaphula ikhosi ye-Arkil goshil goki, eyafudukela eMelika ngexesha lobukumkani base-Ottoman. Emva koko, uMarcus wafudukela kwiqela lababhali bombhali-mbali kwaye wawa phantsi kwempembelelo ka-Muber Weber, owadumileyo enkosi kumsebenzi ohambahamba.
Phantsi kwesikhokelo salo titshala unetalente, uRothi, wambonisa eyakhe imbono yokupeyinta kwaye waqonda ukuba iipeyinti zinokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokubonisa ngokweemvakalelo nangenkolo.
Ukupeyinta
I-canvas yakhe, emele abantu abathandanayo abangeneli kunye nemilibe yobomi babemi, babona kakuhle ngabagxeki. Ukucaciswa kwepeyinti yeRotko yaziswa kwigalari yoBugcisa bexesha lexesha laseNew York, kwaye umzobi wafumana ababhali-mbali ababhali-mbali ngokusebenzisa amasimi etyeni njengoqhankqalazo lwepeyinti yokupeyinta.
Isitayile sohlobo lomsebenzi "Ukuhlamba, okanye indawo elunxwemeni" yaqala ukutshintsha ecaleni kwentolongo, apho iipeyinti ze-typers zanikezela kwindlela yokugcina imibala eqaqambileyo. Ngo-1936, le ndlela yokupeyinta iRotko izame ukuchaza umsebenzi wethiyori, kodwa incwadi exeliweyo malunga nemveliso esemthethweni neyesitayile yayingagqithanga kwaye ipapashwe ngexesha lobomi bobugcisa.
Kwilinge lokuzama ukuya ngaphaya kwezifundo ezinefuthe lezentlalo nezopolitiko, uphawu oluya kubalandeli lwaguqukela kwisithuba sabantu esingaphaya kwemida yembali nenkcubeko ethile. Kwaye ukusuka kwalo mzuzu, usukelo lobugcisa lomculi lwaluzalisa isithuba sokomoya sangaphakathi.
Iipeyinti ezininzi, ezibhaliweyo ziphantsi kwempembelelo yolu luvo, yaba yi-Rettsing Plots kwaye yafumana amagama athi "i-Antigona", "i-Edip", "ixhoba". Nangona kunjalo, ngeXesha, uRotko wayeka ukubiza umsebenzi wakhe kwaye adale ngokwakhe kwinani okanye inkcazo yemibala esetyenzisiweyo.
Kukwimo ye-canvas ye-carvas ezazisiwe kwiziko lobugcisa elidumileyo, le-Peggy Guggenheim, kwaye ngaphandle kokugxekwa ngokuqatha, ezinye zazo zathengiswa ngexabiso le- $ 150-750.
Emva kwexesha, uninzi lomsebenzi otyumkileyo kangangeminyaka eli-7 lubonakalisiwe minyaka le imyuziyam ye-American Art Whitney. Ixabiso lepeyinti elinjenge "lavender kunye ne-Mulberry", "iziko elimhlophe", "ibomvu kwi-brdeaux emnyama" kunye "ne-Blue, i-Blue, i-Brown", ifikelele kumakhulu amawaka eedola.
Impumelelo yentengiso ayizange ivuye umculi, kwaye phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, wakhawulela iprojekthi entsha ebizwa ngokuba yiRupel Rotoko. Inomdla kukuba umbhali wombono, owayezalwa njengokuzalwa, wagqiba kwelokuba abeke indawo kwisitayile samaRoma Katolika. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi odalwe njengenxalenye yale projekthi yayiyisiphelo sendalo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, banokubonwa kwifoto kwiikhathalogu kunye neeAlbums ze-Albums.
Ubomi Buqu
Inkampani ye-novice ye-novice i-rothko yadibana nomyili womyinge wejwabi, iswekile ye-Edith, yaye ngo-1933 le ntombazana intle kangaka yaba ngumfazi wakhe. Ngo-1937, amaqabane aqhekezwe kwaye emva koxolelwaniso ukuze angakwazi ukubusika ngokupheleleyo ubomi bomntu. Ngo-1943, esi sibini sahlukana, umculi wawusengxakini ende, enentlungu efumana ubunzima bomsantsa.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uRothko wadibana nentanda entsha intanda kwaye kungekudala watshata noMary Alice Best, ababeziqhelanisa nabahlobo abaqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yempembelelo yayo, umculi owenza udingo kwaye wabhala izinto eziphazamisayo, ezona zidumileyo malunga nepeyinti "ecothayo emphethweni wolwandle".
Emva koko, isibini sahamba kakhulu. Ngexesha lokutyelela eYurophu ngo-1950, babenentombi ebizwa ngokuba nguKate ngentlonipho kanina waseRooko. Kodwa emva kwesifo esabangela ukungalingani, umculi oqhawule umtshato oqhawule umtshato wesibini kwaye iminyaka yokugqibela yahlala yedwa.
Ukufa
Ngo-1968, uRotko waqalisa ukubandezeleka ekuhlaseleni ubuthathaka obuthathaka, nasemva kovavanyo, oogqirha bafumanise ukuba i-anerta ye-Anerta kwaye yenza inani lemigqaliselo engaphandle. Kodwa kuphawulela iingcebiso kwaye uqhubeke nokusebenza, isiselo kunye nomsi.Ngenxa yoko, waqalisa ukubandezeleka kuhlaselo loxinzelelo kwaye ngoFebruwari 25, 1970 wazibulala. Ngomhla, xa kwakufika umsebenzi wamva nje kwi-chapel ye-rongo, umzimba womculi ufumake kumgangatho wendibano. Emva kokuvulwa, kwavela ukuba unobangela wokufa yayiyinto egqithisileyo ye-bartiutes, eyenza ukuba iyeke intliziyo kwaye irhangqile kwingqondo.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1947 - "i-Yellow, iRed kunye ne-orenji"
- Ngo-1949 - "i-violet, emnyama, orenji, etyheli kwi-White kwaye ibomvu"
- Ngo-1949 - ¶3 / №13 ("I-Magenta, emnyama, eluhlaza kwi-orenji")
- Ngo-1950 - "iziko elimhlophe" ("tyheli, ipinki kunye ne-lavender kwi-rose")
- Ngo-1951 - №2 (№7 kunye №2)
- Ngo-1953-Ingalangi
- Ngo-1953 - ¶3.
- Ngo-1953 - №61 ("rust kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka")
- Ngo-1954 - №1 ("Royal Bow kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka")
- Ngo-1956 - i-orenji kunye ne-tyheli
- Ngo-1959 - "Mnyama kwiMaroon"
- Ngo-1964-1967 - iRotko Chapel
- Ngo-1966-Ingafakwanga ("i-Blue eyahlulwe yiBlue")