Biography
Umbhali waseTurkey Ashahan Pamuk waziwa njengonoveli, etyhila umxholo wengcaciso yempuma kunye nentshona. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, inkcubeko yemveli idla ngokungqubana nobunzima. Ukufumene ukwamkelwa kwehlabathi kunye nebhaso le-Nobel kuncwadi, nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kwinkalo yakhe kwilizwe elinxaxhileyo. Olunye lomazwe likhulu inamaqhawe, ukhuselo lwenkululeko, abanye babiza umngcatshi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Orhan Pamuk - imvumi i-Istanbul, umsebenzi weTurk uqhagamshelwe kwidolophu endala, apho wazalwa khona ngo-1952. Ookhokho baseRomastist bafika eTurkey eCaucasus. Ukuba ngamanqanaba akwiikhotshisi, babenombala wolusu oqaqambileyo wendawo ezintsha, ezazibizwa ngokuba yiPamuk, okuthetha "ikotoni".
Intsapho yenkwenkwe yayisisityebi kwaye yenziwa. Utatomkhulu wakhe wenza ithamsanqa ekwakhiweni koololiwe, kwaye utata waseGundudude wayebandakanyeka kubuchwephesha benjineli. Abazali banamathela kwiimbono ze-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro, babenomdla kwezinye iinkcubeko zabantu kwaye bahlala ngamaxabiso ehlabathi.
Usapho luhlala kwisakhiwo esikhulu sendlu, apho bonke abamelwane babehlala khona izalamane. Umzi wawugcwele umakhulu wakhe, emva kokuba umntu wakhe waba yintloko engekho mthethweni yosapho. Ngaphandle komdibanisi ophambili, intlalontle inyibilikisile phambi kwamehlo, kodwa umbhali onombulelo ukhumbula iminyaka yakhe xa wayesiya efulethini eflethini, nakwindawo nganye awayeyithanda.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyInkwenkwe eyamkelweyo kunye nokufunda. Le hobby iququzelelwa kuphela yithala leencwadi likatata le-1.5 lamawaka emiqulu ye-1.5, eyabangela ukuba umbhali wexesha elizayo. U-Orhan waphupha bonke ubomi bakhe ukuze baqokelele eyakhe kwaye bakwazi ukufezekisa injongo, sele bengumbhali odumileyo. Kwindibano yencwadi yaseTurkka 12 iwaka leencwadi ezisebenza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa. Indawo ekhethekileyo kule qokelelo ihlaselwa ngababhali baseRussia, ukuvunywa kwelo prozaic igcinele ubomi.
I-novellist yexesha elizayo iye kwi-Robert yesikolo yaseMelika iRobert yeKholeji eyayingena kuyo i-Istanbul University yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji. Emva kweminqweno yabazali, uOrhan waqalisa ukufunda kuyilo, kodwa wafunda iminyaka emi-3 kuphela. Ukuphosa izifundo, lo mfana wachaza injongo yakhe yokuba ngumbhali kwaye waya kwijenali yejenali. Utata ngokwakhe wabhala ngokufihlakeleyo "idesika", unyana oxhasiweyo. Kodwa umama wayecinga ukuba lo msebenzi awukhulu. Emva kokuphumelela kwiYunivesithi ngo-1977, umfana wawungasebenzi njengomsebenzi kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba athathe inoveli yokuqala.
Iincwadi
"UJevd-Bay noonyana bakhe" baphuma ngo-1982 baza baphawulwa ngamabhaso amabini. Incwadi yi-SAGA kwaye ithethe malunga nezizukulwana ezintathu zosapho, ezihlangabezana nenguqu kumaxabiso amatsha. Emva kokufunda umbhalo wokuqala woNyana, u-Ortan utata waxela kwangaphambili ukuba uza kuyifumana i-NOBEL.Incwadi elandelayo ethi "Indlu yokuthula" yaphuma emva konyaka, yaza yazisa imbali yoo-"ootata nabantwana", zidibene nokungqubana kwe-nostalgia. Umsebenzi watshintshelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi zaseYurophu, kwaye malunga nombhali babethetha njengenkosi yeLizwi.
"Incwadi Emnyama", epapashwe ngo-1990, waba ngumsitho woncwadi. Ukukhangela kwembali ye-Noveli yakhuselwa unyaka kamva, uMlawuli waseTurkey waseTurkey ovela kwiCavur. Abagxeki baphawula ubunyani boMbhali, ukuba neengcambu zikazwelonke ezinzulu kunye nokudibanisa i-oriental kunye neNtshona.
Iplasitiki ye-STylistic kunye nokukwazi ukucinga kumacala amabini engqondo avumela umanyano ukuba ihambe phakathi kwehlabathi laseYurophu naseAsia, kuthintela ukungqubana kwengxoxo yenkcubeko.
Kwiminyaka elandelayo, "igama lam libomvu", "ikhephu" kunye "nestanbul. Isixeko seenkumbulo. " Kwinoveli yokugqibela, iinjongo zebhayiloji yabo, enxibelelene ngokungacacanga nentliziyo ebizayo, apho onke amatye azaliswe ngembali yeminyaka eliwaka, ngokucacileyo ulandelwa ngokucacileyo. Ngo-2005, u-Orhan Pamuk wanikwa amabhaso e-Nobel kwincwadi njengombhali wesixeko sakhe sokufumana ingqungquthela kwaye enxibelelana neenkcubeko. "
Ukusukela ngoko, umbhali waseTurkey wamkelwa njengeklasikhi yokuphila, kwaye i-bibliografi iphinde iphinde ibuyiselwe kunye neencwadi "zoMyuziyam wobumsulwa" kunye "neengcinga zam ezingaqhelekanga".
Ubomi Buqu
U-Orhan utshatile ngo-1982 ngu-Islit tugyn. Umfazi wombhali wabandakanyeka kwizifundo zembali kwaye ngo-1985 wafumana i-aricanch yokufunda. Ngesi sizathu, usapho lwafudukela eNew York, apho uPamuk ufundise i-Turkish kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kangangeminyaka emi-3. Kwakungekho abantwana phantse iminyaka eli-10 ubudala, kodwa ngo-1991, kwazalwa iRyaintombi. Igama lentombazana eliyilindelwe ixesha elide liguqulelwa 'njengephupha. "
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-2001, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka kubomi bobuqu: Waqhawula umtshato umfazi wakhe. Kule minyaka, indoda yachazwa njengenoveli kunye nomntu osebenza naye ovela eIndiya Kiran desai. Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane obude bunye bunxulunyaniswa nombhali nomnye umfazi - uAllah Akyavash, apho u-Onan uhlala emtshatweni wesizwe ngo-2010.
Ngo-2005, i-prosaiis yanikela udliwanondlebe nephepha laseSwitry, apho wathetha khona malunga ne-armenia genocade emhlabeni waseTurkey. Ingxelo yombhali ikhokelela kwisaqhwithi sengqungquthela yezigwebo kunye nezomthetho kwilizwe lakhe, emva koko wagqiba kwelokuba ahambe eMelika ekufumaneni ukufuduka, esoyika ubomi bakhe. Ngoku umntu uhlala kumazwe amabini: uchitha ixesha eNew York, nasekupheleni kwe-Istanbul. U-Orhan usafumana izityholo ze "Ukuhluthwa komfanekiso weTurkey" ukusuka kumazwe, kwaye iikowuteshini ezivela kwinqaku pauchi reser ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje.
U-Orhan Pamuk ngoku
I-Novel yokugqibela yombhali "umfazi oneenwele ezibomvu" wapapashwa ngo-2016. Incwadi ixelela malunga nothando lwe-changest encinci kumdlali weqonga eliyimfihlakalo. Umsitho owenzeke ebutsha wayenempembelelo entle kulo lonke ikamva lakhe. Icebo le-multilayer lityhila iqhawe kumanqanaba obomi ahlukeneyo: Okokuqala, umfundi uyambona ngendoda enamava, emva koko - umntu onamandla kunye nendoda endala - i-moat yendoda edala. ERussian, le ncwadi yanikwa okokuqala yindlu yokupapasha "yangaphandle".Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgoku balindele abalandeli bemisebenzi emitsha. Kudliwanondlebe ne "Millets" iphepha lephephandaba, uPamuk wathi ngoku uxhalaba inoveli "ubusuku", isenzo esihle ngayo ngo-1900. I-Nobel Laurete yamvumile ukuba wayecinga ngesiza somsebenzi weminyaka emalunga ne-35. Usabhala iincwadi ezivela ngesandla ngaphandle kokuguqula iKhompyuter.
Indoda ayibambili ngokubhala kuphela. Kuyaziwa phakathi kweentolo zakhe-ukupeyinta nokufota. Ukususela ngoFebruwari ngo-2019, umboniso weefoto zika-Orhans Pamukul, apho wazisa khona isipuni esithandekayo esivela kwi-balcony yendlu yakhe kangangeminyaka eliqela. Uthotho lwemifanekiso ekulandeleni ngokulandelelana kongezwa kukufana kwefoto, apho ibali elinomdla livuya.
Iikowuti
"Ndifuna uThixo, ngaphambili apho ndingadingi ukuba ndenze izicathulo, musa ukuguqa ngamadolo ngesandla somntu. NguThixo oya kusiqonda isithukuthezi sam. "" Andiqaphela ulonwabo kuba ndifuna ukusindisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ndisoyika ukulahleka. "Uthando lukhona Abantu benza abantu bazizidenge, okanye isidenge kuphela esithandweni? "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1979 - "UJevad-Bay noonyana bakhe"
- Ngo-1983 - "Indlu yokuthula"
- Ngo-1985 - "Inqaba emhlophe"
- Ngo-1990 - "incwadi emnyama"
- 1994 - "Ubomi obutsha"
- Ngo-1998 - "Igama lam liBomvu"
- Ngo-1999 - "iminye imibala"
- Ngo-2002 - "ikhephu"
- Ngo-2003 - "Istanbul. Isixeko seMembulo »
- Ngo-2008 - "Imyuziyam yeNqaku"
- Ngo-2014 - "Iingcinga zam ezingaqhelekanga"
- Ngo-2016 - "ibhinqa elibomvu