Taariikh nololeed
The ugu qadarin by Quduuska ah ee Asalraacnimadu, ka Wonderworker, sokoeye ee ragga baxriyiinta ah, safarka ah, Agoonta iyo maxaabiista. Laga bilaabo maalinta fasaxa sanadka cusub bilaabmaa December. hadiyado Christmas ayaa la filayaa isaga ka, maxaa yeelay Saint noqday noocooda ah ee Santa Claus iyo Santa Claus. Sida laga soo xigtay nolosha weli, waxa uu ku dhashay 270 magaalada Lycian of Patars, waqtiga gumeysi Giriigga. Maanta waa dhul ka mid ah gobollada oo Turkish ah Antalya iyo Mugla, iyo degaanka ee Patary waxaa lagu magacaabaa xaafadda tuulada Gelevish.
In ka qoraayaashii Life Nikolai, Wonderworker wuxuu dhigayaa in waxay ahaayeen labadiisii waalid hodan ah Masiixiyiinta ah kuwaas oo ku siiyey ina saamayn qarnigii III ah. Qoyska uu ka Nikolai Mirlijsky (magaca kale ee weli) ahaa Mu'min ah, Adeer - Bishop Patari - ogaaday diimaha ee adeer u ah iyo rid la akhristaha a at danabka dadweynaha.
Young Nicholas ku qaatay guri keniisad ah, iyo Night u huray in barashada Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo salaadda. wiil ayaa lagu kala duwanaayeen ka jawaabid la yaab leh oo goor hore xaqiiqsaday in uu nolol quduus lahaa in wasaaradda Ciise Masiix. Adeer, maxaa yeelay, dadaalkaas oo reer Shaam ah, ayey da'yarta qaaday in caawiyeyaasha. Soon Nikolai helay a wadaadnimada San, iyo hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu isaga aaminay in ay ku baraan Mu'miniinta ee Mijan.
wadaadka A dhalinyaro ah, isagoo ku dooday by barakada oo ka mid ah adeerkiis-hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu, u baxay inuu Land Quduuska ah. On jidka Yeruusaalem, Nikolai ahayd riyo: Ibliisku, kuwaas oo in markabka yimid. Oo wadaadku saadaaliyay duufaan iyo shil markabka. At codsiga shaqaalaha saarnaa markabka Nikolai ah, wonderworker la cafiyo by badda. Markuu sara kacay on leeyay, Likiets kiciyey si Badbaadiyeheenna ah ugu mahad naqa.
In safarka Xajka ah, Goldogob meelaha quduuska ah, uguma buurta magaalada Siyoon oo ah. Miisaanka Rabbiga soo baxday in albaabada barar xiran yihiin habeenkii macbudka. Thanks, Nikolai go'aansaday inuu ciyaaraha ka fariisto oo cidlada ku taal, laakiin codka Samada joojiyay wadaadka dhallinyarada, Welers loo soo Celin guriga.
In taal Lukiya Nikolai galeen Brotherhood of St. Sion in ay sii nolosha aamuseen. Laakiin waxa uu ahaa ugu sarreeya leh ee hooyada u ah Ilaah iyo soo bandhigay Injiilka iyo Omophore. Sida ay legend, kiniisadda Lycian ahaayeen calaamad, ka dib markii taas oo ay go'aansatay in ay ka dhigi yar oo Mijanin Nicholas Bishop dunida (magaaladii Confederation Lycian ah). Taariikhyahanadu iyo saynisyahano diinta ku doodaya in qarnigii IV, ballanta suurto gal ahayd.
Geeridii waalidiinta ka dib, Nikolai wuxuu galay xuquuqdii dhaxalka wuxuuna u qaybiyay kan hodantinimo u ah kuwa saboolka ah. Wasaaradda hoggaamiyaha hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda adduunka ee Lycian ayaa dhacday waqtiyo adag oo cadaadis ah. The boqorada Roman Diocletian iyo Maximian eryadeen Masiixiyiinta, laakiin May 305, ka dib markii renunciation ee Imperial, kaas oo carshiga reer Constantius joojiyay cadaadis qaybta galbeed ee boqortooyada. Bariga, waxay ku sii wadeen ilaa 311 ay ku dhasheen Emperor Emperor Galcer. Muddadii dulmiga diinta masiixiga ee adduunka Lycia, halkaas oo kiniisaddu Nikolai si dhakhso ah u koray. Waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa burburka garsooraha jaahilka iyo macbudka Artemis-ka adduunka.
Baarayaasha nolosha Nikolai ee yaabka yaabka leh waxay ka hadlaan maxkamada ka qaadista maxkamadda cathedral, oo uu kusii waday. Greek-ka Griiga ee NAVPACTOLITAN ee buugga 'Khasnadaha' ayaa sheeganaya buugga "khasnadaha" ee "Khasnadaha" Laakiin cilmi baadhayaashu waxay u muuqdaan inay tixgeliyaan dharbaaxada slate. Waxay yiraahdaan Nikolai waxay u sheegtay heresit "oo curyaaminaya cayda", oo uu noqday shayga maxkamadda Cathedral. Hurdo, aflagaado waxaa loo adeegsadaa caawinta cajiibka ah, maadaama ay la rumeysan tahay in Saint laga takhalusi doono mustaqbal murugo leh.
Yaab
Caawinaad loogu talagalay Saint Nicholas, socotada iyo badmaaxiinta oo ku dhacay duufaanta ayaa la daaweeyaa. Nolosha Sainthu waxay muujineysaa badbaadinta soo noqnoqda ee wabiga. Intii lagu gudajiray safarka Alexandria, markabka Nikolai wuxuu daboolay mawjadda duufaanka. Diruurkii wuxuu ka dhex degay shalaaladii wuuna dhintay. Ninka yaabka leh Nikolai, ka dib nin kale oo dhalinyaro ah, ayaa dib u soo sara kacay dadkii dhintay.
In nolosha weli ku qeexayaa kiiska badbaadinta sharafta ka mid ah saddexdii gabdhood oo ka qoyska saboolka ah, kii Aabbuhu si looga fogaado in gaajo, intertered in mushaar dalagga. Gabdhuhu waxay sugayeen mustaqbal aan la aqbali karin, laakiin Nikolai hoostiisa oo habeenkii ka hooseysa ayaa ku soo duushay bacaha guriga oo dahab ah, iyadoo la siinayo gabdhaha inuu ku biiro. Sida laga soo xigtay halyeeyga Katooliga, bacaha ay dahab ku dhejiyeen sharabaadada ku dhegan ka hor yaal goobta dabka hortiisa. Tan iyo markaas, dhaqanku wuxuu ka soo ifbaxay inuu ka baxo carruurta "laga bilaabo Santa Claus" hadiyado ku saabsan suumanka kirismaska midabka leh (sharaabaad). The yaabe-ka yaabka Nikolai mitrit ee dagaallamaya oo ka ilaaliyaa dambiilayaal aan dambi lahayn. Salaada looga hadlay isaga waxaa laga tirtiray dhimashada lama filaan ah. Cibaadada cibaadada ayaa ahayd mid aad u weyn dhimashadiisa ka dib.
Mid kale oo xusid mudan mucjisada, oo ay ka go'antahay shaqooyinka yaabka leh, Nikolai waxay la xiriirtaa badbaadada Prince Bovgod MSTislav Vladimirovich. Very-ka jiran ayaa loola jeeday in aniga ku badbaaday sukada Quduuska ah ee Kiev Sofiya Cathedral. Laakiinse duufaantu ma ay gaadhin. Markii hirarkeedu smalleled, meel u dhow markabka, biyaha on, wafdiyada ay arkeen icon ku wareegsan on taas oo Nikolai Wonderworker la sawiray. Amiirka bukaanka, taabashada wejiga ee quduuska ah, ayaa soo kacay.
Rumaystayaasha Masiixiyiinta Masiixiyiintu waxay u yeeraan mucjisooyinka AsCholas WonderWorker. Waxay kalsooni ku qabaan in salaaddani ay awood u leedahay inay u beddesho masiirka sifiican hadii uu wax u akhriyo 40 maalmood oo isku xigta. Rumaystayaasha ayaa ku doodaya in dhammaan salaadda loogu talagalay caawimaadda shaqada iyo ku saabsan caafimaadku inay maqlaan. Nicholas waxay ka caawisaa gabdhaha inay guursadaan gabdhaha si ay ugu guursadaan gabdhaha, gaajaysan yihiin - ka takhalus dhibaatooyinka maalinlaha ah. Tukanayay kaniisadaha xusay in Nikolai Wonderworker aan jawaab ka dhac baryada daacad ah, onkodeen ka icon la shumac.
Dhimasho ka dib
Taariikhda saxda ah ee geerida Nicholas lama oga. Wac 345 sano. Ka dib markii aad ka tagtay adduunka, jirka kale ayaa la gartay oo u beddelay xarun xajka ah. Qarnigii IV, Basilica muuqday kor qabrigii Nicholas, iyo qarnigii 9aad ee demre Turkiga, kaas oo horey loo yaqaaney sida dunida, ayaa waxaa ka taagay meel by kiniisadda, albaabbadii oo ka mid ah waxa ay ahaayeen furan iyo qarnigii XXI ah. Ilaa 1087, hadhaaga hadhaaga ah ee ku nasan Jere. Laakiin bishii Meey, baayacyadu ka soo jeeda Talyaanigu waxay afduubeen 80% kuwa ka mid ah kuwa wax kastoo ka mid ah, iyaga oo ka tagaya iyaga oo ku ordaya qabriga. Waxaa lagu wareejiyay khasnadda la xaday magaalada Bari - ee caasimada gobolka Talyaaniga ee Apulia.
Ka dib sagaal sano, baayacmushtariyaasha uguurtay xadday ku Mala'igtu of Nicholas ku hadhay demre ah, iyo iyaga oo gaadiid in Venice. Maalmahan, 65% tiirarka ayaa ku sugan Bari. Oo iyana waxaa lagu dheryey meesha allabariga ee Kaatooliga Batilica ee St. Nicholas. Kii shanaad ee muqadasku weli had iyo jeer ku nasasiiyaa jasiiradda Venetian ee Liido, oo ku saabsan carshiga macbudka. In Barium Basilica ee xabaashii Nicholas ee yaabka leh ayaa sameeyay god. Sanad walba on May 9 (maalintii, markii doonnidii la xidheen la Mala'igtu, maalinta magaalada Bari) ka rabrabtii, aan soo qaato dunida, taas waxa u sabab ah sifooyinka mucjisada ah, ayuu bogsiinayay: geerida.
Laba imtixaan sameeyay dhexe iyo dabayaaqadii 1990-xaqiijiyay in xoog lagu kaydiyaa ah labada Magaalo ee Italy iska leh hal qof. Cilmiga ku-takhasuska ah ee ka soo jeeda Ingiriiska ee 2005 ayaa dib loo dhisay muuqaalka saxda ah ee muuqaalka ah ee ah kaneedka. Haddii aad aamminsan tahay muuqaalka dib loo soo celiyay, Nikolai Wonderwer wuxuu kordhay 1.68 mitir, wuxuu lahaa maqaar sare, maqaar mugdi ah, indhaha bunni ah oo si cad u sharaxay.
Xusuus
Warka of kala iibsiga oo ka mid ah Mala'igtu of Nicholas Wonderworker ee Italy agagaarka tegey oo dhan of Europe, laakiin marka hore Iiddii dhibaatada quduusiinta of dalagga la xusay oo keliya by caqabadaha. Gariigta ah, iyo sidoo kale dadka Masiixiyiinta ah oo ka mid ah Bari iyo Galbeed, korsaday wararka ku saabsan kala iibsiga ee hadhaagii la murugo. In Russia, maamuustaan ee St. Nicholas faafay qarnigii line. Ka dib markii 1087 (sida ku cad xogta kale, 1091), Church Orthodox dhisay 9 (sida ay kalandarka Julian 22) dabaal Maalinta May ee ku tacaluqa oo ka mid ah Mala'igtu of Nicholas Wonderworker ka dunida Lycian ee Bari.
Sidoo kale si ballaaran, sida in Russia, fasaxa la xusaa by Orthodox Bulgaria iyo Serbia. Catholics (marka laga reebo caqabado) aan u dabaal on May 9. Ruush Orthodox billaha ah oo ku baaqay in saddex taariikhaha fasaxyada ka go'an in ay Nikolai Wonderworker. December 19 - maalin uu dhintay, May 22 - imaanshaha quduusiinta oo quduusiin ah ee Bari iyo Ogosto 11 - dhalashada weli ah. In kiniisadaha Orthodox, Nicholas wonderworker ku xusto la hadalo Thursday kasta.
kooxda labaad ee fasaxyada la xiriira xusuusta ugu qadarin in Russia ee Russia waxa uu la xidhiidhaa walxood mucjisada ah oo wejiga. On March 1, 2009, guriga 1913 iyo Wadaad uuga ayaa lagu wareejiyay Bari si Orthodox Church Ruush ah. furayaasha iyaga ka helay Madaxweynaha dalka Ruushka Dmitry Medvedev.
In Russia, tirada walxood oo qoraal ah iyo kaniisadaha dhisay of Nicholas Wonderworker labaad ka dib markii Virgin ah. Ka hor bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, magaca Nikolai ayaa ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan ee dalka. In qarniyadii XIX-XX, wonderworker ee lagu sharfay si opinion waxaa laga helay oo ku saabsan galo St. Nicholas in Trinity Quduuska ah. Sida ay aaminsan Slavic (Halyeeyga reer Belarus Polesia waa sii raagayaan), Nikolay Ilaah beddeli doonaa carshiga sida "sare" ka quduusiinta.
sifo reer galbeedka iyo Bariga Slavs in Nicholas hanti wonderworker ah furayaasha samada iyo "isgoyska" shaqada qubeyska dunida ka mid ah dadka kale galay ka. Slavs Southern waxaa loo yaqaan weli ah "Head of Paradise", "Wolf Shepherd" iyo "Snake Fighter". Waxay ku yidhaahdeen, Nikolay Railway yahay gargaaraha ka mid ah beeraha iyo shinnida.
Orthodox Masiixiyiin ah qoondeeyo in iconography ee Nicholas ah Winter iyo Nikola. " image The on walxood oo waa kala duwan: "Winter" Wonderworker waxaa lagu sawiray ee Mitre oo ka mid ah Bishop, madaxa "arka" qaawiyey. Waxaa xusid mudan in Nikolai Wonderworker la maamuuso by Kalmyki iyo Buryats, qiranaya Budhiism. Kalmykov loo yaqaan "Mikola-Burkhan". Wuxuu patronizes kalluumaysatada iyo waxaa loo arkaa milkiilaha Sea Caspian ah. Buryats aqoonsado Nicholas nin caddaan jir ah - oo ah Ilaaha reer socdeyba.
Nikolai WonderWorker waa "Saint Claus, isagoo ku hadlaya magaca carruurta loo dhiibo hadiyado. Ka hor inta la Wanaajiyey ka, weli la qadarin on 6 December, laakiin ka dibna ay dib u dabaal on 24 December, sidaasi darteed waxa la xidhiidha yuul. Qarnigii XVII ee Britain, Nikolai ahayd ahayn "aabbe of Christmas", laakiin Holland oo magiciisana waxaa la Sinterklaas, kaas oo la tarjumay sida Saint Nicholas.
Magaalada New York, oo ah Dutch, oo aasaasay magaalada, waxay soo saartay dhaqanka si loogu dabaaldego kirismaska sinterklaas, kuwaas oo dhawaan noqday Santa Claus. Laga soo bilaabo tusaha kiniisadda ee geesiga, magaca kaliya ee haray, muuqaalka inteeda kale ee ka hadhaya ganacsiga si qotodheer. In France, awoowe Christmas yimaadaa si carruurta, si ay kids Finnish - Joulupukka, iyo sidoo kale, in Russia iyo dalalka meel post-Soviet, Year New waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan Santa Claus, ee noocooda yahay kiisii-jecel yahay mid ka mid ah Ruushka.
Awoodda Ruushka
Bishii February 2016, kulan ka mid ah Wadaad Kirill iyo Pope Francis of Roman lagu qabtay, kaasoo heshiis la gaaray on iibsiga ee qayb ka mid ah Mala'igtu oo ka mid ah Quduuska ah ee reer Bari si Russia. Bishii Meey 21, 2017, kuwaasoo ah kuwa ugu sareeya Nicholas WonderWorker (gees bidix) ayaa lagu ridayay sanduuqii, waxaana loo dhiibay kaniisadda Moscow ee Badbaadiyaha, halkaas oo ay ku kulmeen Wadamada Ruushka. Waxaan jeclaan lahaa inuu sujuudo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa May 22 illaa Luulyo 12. May 24, madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin ayaa booqday macbudka. July 13, sanduuqii waxaa loo raray St. Petersburg, oo uu ku tagay Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Remals waxay furan yihiin ilaa Luulyo 28, 2017.
xajka Kiiloomitir kaalinta Moscow iyo St. Petersburg u Mala'igtu of Nicholas of Wonderworker ee Moscow iyo St. Petersburg, taas oo ah sababta ay u soo bandhigay hab ay helaan gaar ah macbudyo ka. Dadku waxay qortaan kitaabkii quduuska ah, iyagoo weydiisanaya caawimaad xagga bogsiinta. Qabanqaabiyeyaasha helitaanka siligyada quduuska ah ayaa laga codsaday in aan tan la sameyn, oo lagu xasuusto in noocyada kale ee rafcaanka ee quduusiinta ay akhriyaan Agathters, salaadda iyo hadalka. Walxaha ugu dambeeya ee Nicholas Sharafka la yaabka leh waxaa lagu hayaa kaniisadaha tobanka macbudyo ah ee dioocese Ruushka, oo ku yaal gargaaradii Moscow, St. Pearsburg, Dokaterersburg, Dokaterersburg,