Biography
Mukukurukurirana pamusoro pehurumende huru yezana ramakore rechi20, hazvigoneke kutaura basa raJoseph Brodsky. Iye munhu akakosha kwazvo munyika yenhetembo. Brodsky yaive neine yakaoma biography - kutambudzwa, kusanzwisisa, court uye revo. Yakasundira munyori kuti abve muUSA, kwaakapiwa kuzivikanwa kweveruzhinji.
Nhetembo-kusatenda Joseph Brodsky akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 24, 1940 muLeningrad. Baba vemukomana vakashanda nemukuru wemutyori wemutori, amai veAccountant. Paa1950 vari mumatanda evakuru, "kuchenesa" kwevaJudha kwakaitwa mumapoka evakuru, baba vakatamira kunoshanda ne photocondupa mupepanhau.
Makore evana aJosefu aJosefu akabatana nehondo, iyo block of leningrad, nzara. Mhuri yakapona, semazana ezviuru zvevanhu. Muna 1942, amai vake vakatora Josefa uye vakatora kudzora. MuLeningrad, vakadzoka mushure mehondo.
Brodky yakakanda chikoro, zvishoma nezvishoma nekuenda kuGiredhi 8. Aida kubatsira mhuri yake mune zvemari, saka ndakaenda kunoshanda pamushini wefekitori wekukura. Ipapo Josefa aida kuita conductor - haina kushanda. Pane imwe nguva aida kwazvo kuve chiremba uye akatoshanda ari kushanda muMorgue, asi munguva pfupi akatevera achinja pfungwa. Kwemakore akati wandei, Joseph Brodsky akachinja maitiro mazhinji: nguva yese iyi awacha nhetembo, akadzidza mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika uye akatounganidzwa pamwe neBuddies kuti apukunyuke kubva muSoviet Union. Chokwadi, nyaya yacho haina kuenda pane mazano.
Mabhuku
Brodsky akataura kuti nhetembo dzakatanga kunyora kubva pamakore gumi nemasere, kunyangwe paine nhetembo dzinoverengeka dzakanyorwa mumakore gumi nematanhatu. Munguva dzekutanga dzekusika, akanyora "Kisimusi Romance", chivakwa chekusundidzira "," kubva kunze kwekunze kuenda kuCentre "uye dzimwe nhetembo. Mune ramangwana, maitiro emunyori aive nesimba rakasimba reNhetembo M. TsvataEva, O. Manelstam, A. Akhmatova na B. past Partnak - ivo vakava maneja wejaya.
NaAhmatova Brodsky akasangana muna 1961. Haana kumbopokana netarenda remudetu diki ndokutsigira kugona kwaJoseph, kutenda kubudirira. Nhetembo dzakawanda dzeBradsky Anna Andreevna zvaisanyanyozvifadza, asi chiyero chehunhu hwehurumende yeSoviet inoyemurwa.
Basa rekutanga rakavhunduka nesimba revaSoviet, rakanyorwa 1958. Nhetembo iyi yakanzi "Vafambi". Achiteera kuti "kusurukirwa." Ikoko, brodky vakaedza kudzokorora zvaiitika kwaari uye nekubuda mumamiriro azvino, apo mapepanhau nemagazini akavhara masuo pamberi penzvimbo.
Musi waFebruary 14, 1960, Joseph Brodsky akatanga kuitwa paLarenrad "Inhetum Tournamen". Akaverenga "makuva" evaJudha, izvo zvakakonzera nyonganiso yakakomba mukunyora uye denderedzwa reruzhinji. Makore matatu gare gare, chinyorwa chakaburitswa naBrodsky chakabudiswa mu "manheru Leningrad", makotesheni anobva kuna Josefa "patopu" uye mamwe mabasa akagoverwa mazviri. Vanyori vePaskville vakabaya mitsara kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinonzwika sekupomerwa kwetembi murudo kune mumwe munhu kumusha kwemumwe munhu. Joseph Brodsky akatanga kutevera pamazinga ese.
MunaJanuary 1964, mune imwe chete "manheru eLeningrad", vagari venyasha "vakabudiswa, vachidaro kuranga nhetembo, uye musi waFebruary 13, vanyori vakasungwa nekuda kwetune. Zuva rakatevera racho, mukamuri yaakange arwara nemoyo. Pfungwa dzeBrodsky yenguva iyoyo yakafungidzirwa zvakajeka mundima "Mhoro, kuchembera kwangu" uye "kuti undiudze nezve hupenyu?".
Iko kukuvara kwekutanga kwakadzika pasi zvinorema mutoro wepaze. Mamiriro acho akawedzera nekuda kwekumutswa kwehukama neanodiwa Marina Basmanava. Nekuda kweizvozvo, brodky akaedza kusiya hupenyu, asi asina kubudirira.
Muna 1970, munyori akanyora nhetembo "Usabuda kunze mukamuri", maive nekutarisa pane iyo nzvimbo iyo murume anopiwa simba muSoviet Simba.
Kutambudzwa kwakaramba kuchiramba kusvika May 1972, apo Brodsky akapa sarudzo - Chiratidzo chepfungwa kana kutama. Joseph Alexandrovich aingova muchipatara chepfungwa, uye, sezvaAkataura, aive akaipa zvakanyanya kupfuura. Brodky akasarudza kutama. Muna 1977, mudetembi anotambira vagari vemo vekuAmerican.
Asati aenda kubva kunyika yeNyika, mudetembi akaedza kugara muRussia. Akatumira tsamba kuna Leonid brezhner pachake nechikumbiro chekutsunga kugara munyika kanenge mushanduri. Asi ramangwana reNobel Laureate harina kunzwa.
Joseph Brodsky vakatora chikamu mumutambo wepasi rese muLondon. Ipapo akadzidzisa nhoroondo yemabhuku eRussia uye nhetembo kuMichigan, Colombian neNew Yorld Incalyities. Mukufanana, akanyora chinyorwa muChirungu uye akashandurwa kuita nhetembo dzeChirungu vladimir Nabokov. Muna 1986, muunganidzwa weBrodsky "kubatana kushoma" kwakabuda, uye gore rakatevera, akagamuchira mubairo weNobel mumunda wemabhuku.
Munguva ya195-1989, mudetembi akanyora "ndangariro dzaBaba", "mharidzo" uye chinyorwa "imwe-kamuri yepamusoro". Mune aya mavhesi uye prose - kurwadziwa kwese kwemunhu aisatenderwa kushandisa munzira yekupedzisira yevabereki.
Peestroika paakatanga muUSSR, nhetembo dzaJoseph AlexandRovich yakadhindwa nemagazini ekuverenga uye mapepanhau. Muna 1990, muSoviet Union yakatanga kuburitsa mabhuku emubvunzi. Brodky yakaramba ichigamuchira kokero kubva kumusha, asi yaigara ichinakidzwa nekushanya uku - aisada kutariswa kweshini uye kuruzhinji. Kuoma kwekudzoka kwakaratidzwa munhetembo "itaka", "tsamba kune oasis" nevamwe.
Hupenyu Hwako
Artist Marina Basmanava, uyo waakasangana naye muna 1962, akava rudo rukuru kwazvo rwaJoseph rudressky. Vakasangana kwenguva yakareba, vakazogara pamwe chete. Muna 1968, Marina naJosefa vaive nemwanakomana naAreri, asi nekuzvarwa kwemwana, hukama hwakawanda. Mugore rimwe chetero ivo vakaputsa.
Muna 1990, akasangana naMaria soc. - Italian aristocrat nemidzi yeRussia mutsara wemberi. Mugore rimwe chetero, brodsk vakamuroora, uye mumakore matatu vaive nemwanasikana naAna. Nehurombo, kuti uone kuti sei mwanasikana anokura, Joseph brodsky haana kutongerwa.
Mudetembi anozivikanwa seanokurumbira anoputa. Pasinei nemabasa mana akaendeswa pamwoyo, haana kumbosvuta kusvuta. Vanachiremba vanonyora zvakanyanya brodsky kuti tisuke netsika dzinokuvadza, raakapindura kuti: "Hupenyu hunoshamisa kwazvo nekuti hapana kuvimbisa, kwete."
Kunyange zvakadaro Joseph Brdsky Adhirama Katsi. Akapokana kuti zvisikwa izvi hazvina kufamba. Mumapikicha akawanda, Musiki anopfurwa nekatsi mumaoko.
Nekutsigirwa kwemunyori muNew York, iyo Russian Samovar Restaurant yakavhurika. Co-varidzi veSangano rakazova reRoma Kaplan naMikhail baryshnikov. Joseph Brotsky akaisa mari mune ino chirongwa chikamu chemari kubva muPubabu mubairo weNobel. Iyo resitorendi yave iyo landmark yeRussia New York.
Rufu
Akatambura kubva angina, asati atama. Iyo mamiriro ehutano hwehurumende aive asina kugadzikana. Muna 1978, akaita kuti kuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo, kiriniki yeAmerica yakatumira tsamba yepamutemo kuUSSR nechikumbiro chekubvumira vabereki vaJosefu kuti vabve pakutarisirwa kwake. Vabereki vamene vakanyorera ka14, asi nguva imwe neimwe vakaramba. Kubva 1964 kusvika 1994, brodsky yakatambura 4 infantion, haana kumbobvira vaona vabereki vake. Amai vemunyori vakafa muna 1983, uye mushure megore iye haana nababa. Zviremera zveSoviet vakaramba kuuya kumariro pachikumbiro. Rufu rwevabereki rwakabata hutano hwetemberi.
Musi waJanuary 27, 1996, Joseph Brodsky akapeta iyo portfolio, akashuvira mukadzi weusiku hwakanaka uye akamuka kuenda kuhofisi - aifanira kushanda pamberi pechitubu pamberi pechirimo. Mangwanani aJanuary 28, 1996, mudzimai akawana mumwe wake asina kana zviratidzo zvehupenyu. Vanachiremba vakataura rufu kubva pakurwara nemoyo.
Vhiki mbiri vasati vafa, mudetembi akatenga nzvimbo mumakuva kuNew York, asiri kure nehurefu. Ikoko, akavigwa, mushure mekuita kuda kwekupedzisira kwetemberi, uyo, kusvikira pakukura kwekupedzisira, kuda nyika yake nyika.
Muna June 1997, mutumbi waJoseph Brodky wakavhenekwa muVenice muSan Michele Cemetery.
Muna 2005, chivakwa chekutanga kudetembi chakavhurwa muSt. Petersburg.
BHAIBHERI
- 1965 - "Nhetembo nenhetembo"
- 1982 - "Zvizvarwa zveRoma"
- 1984 - "Marble"
- 1987 - "Uranius"
- 1988 - "Mira mugwenga"
- 1990 - "Fern Notes"
- 1991 - "Nhetembo"
- 1993 - "Capadhokiya. Nhetembo "
- 1995 - "Munzvimbo yeAtlantis. Nhetembo nyowani "
- 1992-1995 - "Mabasa aJoseph Brodsky"