Biography
Iyo biography yeFranz Kafka haina kugutswa nezviitiko zvinokwezva kutarisa kwevanyori vechizvarwa chazvino. Iye munyori mukuru airarama hupenyu hukuru uye hupfupi. Panguva imwecheteyo, Franz aive mufananidzo wechishamiso uye asinganzwisisike, uye mazhinji akavanzika anokwanisa mune iri tenzi wepeni, kufara kwepfungwa dzevaverengi kusvika nhasi. Kunyangwe mabhuku aKafki nhaka huru yekuverenga, muhupenyu mumunyori haana kuwana kuzivikanwa nekubwinya uye haana kuziva kuti chii chinonyanya kukunda.
Nguva pfupi vasati vafa, Franz akazara neshamwari yepamoyo - mutori venhau Max Brd - Asi Ferrod, achiziva kuti mune yeramangwana reGoridhe, rakaomeswa nechido chekupedzisira chevhu. Kutenda kune max zvisikwa, Franz akaona mwenje uye aive nemhedzisiro yakakura kwazvo pamabhuku ezana ramakore rechi20. Mabasa aKafki, akadai saLabyrinth, "America", "Ngirozi hadzingabhururuka", "castle", etc., inodikanwa kuti uverenge mumisangano yepamusoro yedzidzo.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori wechikuru akaberekerwa wedangwe muChikunguru 3, 1883 mune yakakura yehupfumi uye tsika huru yehupfumi hweMubatanidzwa weMarudzi Austro-hungary - Guta rePrach (zvino Czech Republic). Panguva iyoyo, humambo hwakavambwa nevaJudha, vaCzech uye nevaGeneki, avo, vaigona kugara nerunyararo, saka mumaguta akaora mwoyo uye dzimwe nguva anti-semitic phenomena yakatsemesa. Kafku haina kunetseka nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika uye nemapurisa ezvematongerwo enyika, asi munyori wenguva yemberi akanzwa kusarudzwa kudivi rehupenyu: Phenomena neSocial phenomena uye neXenophobia akasiya chiratidzo pane hunhu hwake uye kuziva.
Zvakare kuzivikanwa kwaFranz zvakakurudzira vabereki: Kuva mwana, haana kuwana rudo rwababa vake uye akanzwa mutoro wake mumba. Franz Ros uye akarererwa mune imwe kotara yemapfumbamwe emhuri inotaura chiGerman yechiJudha. Baba vemunyori - Herman Kafka - yaive mutengesi wepakati ruoko, retail vakatengesa zvipfeko uye zvimwe zvinhu zveHaberdasery. Amai vemunyori Julia Julia Kafka vakaitika kubva kumarudzi akanaka kwazvo ekubudirira brewer Jacovi Levhi uye aive mukadzi wechidiki wechidiki akadzidziswa.
Zvakare, Franz aive nehanzvadzi mbiri (vanun'una vaviri vadiki vakafira mukutanga kweudiki vasingavhemberere makore maviri). Musoro wemhuri wakanyangarika mucheki jira, uye Julia akatarisa vasikana, vadiki vakapiwa Kafka. Zvadaro, kuti vasiye jira grey rehupenyu nemavara anopenya, Franz akatanga kugadzira nyaya diki, izvo, zvakadaro, hazvina kufarira munhu chero upi zvake. Musoro wemhuri wakapesvedzera kuumbwa kwemitsetse yemanyorero uye pane chimiro chemunyori wenguva yemberi. Kuenzaniswa nemurume wemamita maviri aive ainewo izwi rekupanduka, Franz akanzwa freebem yake. Uku kunzwa kwekusagadzikana kwemuviri kwakadzingirira chifku muhupenyu hwake hwese.
Kafka-Senior vakaona mune mutsivi webhizimusi mugari wenhaka, asi mukomana akavharika, anonyara haana kutevedzera zvinodiwa naBaba. Herman akashandisa nzira dzedzidzo dzedzidzo. Mukunyora kwemubereki akanyorwa, izvo zvisina kuuya kuAdderssee, Franz akayeuka kuti sei husiku hwakatonhora uye hwakasviba nekuda kwekuti akabvunza mvura. Uku kutuka kwehudiki kwakakonzera pfungwa yekusarongeka mumunyori:
"Pashure pemakore, ini ndakatambura nepfungwa inorwadza, semurume mukuru, baba vangu, vaite chero chikonzero - vanouya kwandiri, vanokwanisa kuburitsa mubhedha ndokuitora pamhanza - zvinoreva kuti zvinoreva kuti ndimene, "ndangariro dzaKafka dzakagoverwa.Kubva 1889 kusvika 1893, munyori wenguva yemberi akadzidza pachikoro chekutanga, akabva apinda mumitambo yekurovedza muviri. Semudzidzi, jaya rakatora chikamu muYunivhesiti Amateur zviitiko uye akaronga maitiro emitambo. Mushure mekugamuchira chitupa chekusimba, Franz akagamuchira yunivhesiti yerudzi rweKarlov. Muna 1906, Kafka akagamuchira degree rechiremba kurudyi. Musoro webasa resainzi wemunyori yaive iyo yeGerman Sociologist uye Economist.
Mabhuku
Franz Kafka aiona kunyora zviitiko zvikuru zvehupenyu, kunyange ainzi aive mukuru-wepamusoro-soro muhofisi inishuwarenzi. Nekuda kwechirwere, Kafka yakambomira nguva isati yasvika. Iye munyori weshanduro iyi yaive mushandi anoshanda uye aikosheswa zvikuru nevabati, asi Franz akavimba chinzvimbo ichi uye asina kuvhunduka akaita pamusoro pevatungamiriri uye vanozviisa pasi. Akanyora achienda naye uye akatenda kuti mabhuku anoruramisa kuvapo kwake uye anobatsira kutsvedza kubva pazvinhu zvisina kufanira zvekuve. Franz haana kukurumidza kuburitsa mabasa, nekuti ainzwa achiramba.
Zvinyorwa zvake zvese zvakanyanyisa kuunganidza Max Bard, uyo munyori akasangana naye pamusangano wekirabhu yemudzidzi akazvitsaurira kuNietzsche. Bland akasimbisa kuti Kafka akadhindisa nyaya dzake, uye pakupedzisira Musiki akazozvidzwa: Muna 1913 kuunganidza "kufungisisa" kunobuda. Vatsoropodzi vakapindura nezve Kafka sechinhu cheshuwa, asi tenzi wenyama wekuzvishingisa haana kugutsikana nekwavo kugona, ayo aiona chinhu chinodiwa chekuva. Zvakare mukati mehupenyu hwaFranz, vaverengi vakatanga kujairana nechikamu chidiki chebasa rake: zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakakosha uye nyaya dzeKafki dzakaona mwenje chete mushure mekufa kwake.
Mukuvhuvhu wa1910, Kafka, pamwe chete neTrod, vakaenda kuParis. Asi mushure memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, nekuda kwekurwadziwa kwakapinza mudumbu, munyori akasiya nyika yaCesanna neParmesan. Panguva iyoyo, Franz uye anotanga bhuku rake rekutanga "rakarasika risipo", iro rakazozivikanwa ne "America". Zvizhinji zvezvisikwa zvavo Kafka akanyora muchiGerman. Kana iwe ukatarisana nezvakatangira, zvinenge zvese zvekuti pane mutauro unorumbidzwa pasina kumukira kwekunyepedzera uye kumwe kugona kuverenga. Asi ichi grey uye chidiki chakasanganiswa neisina kujairika uye kusinganzwisisike kusanzwisisika. Mazhinji emabasa aTenzi anokwanisika kubva pakukomba kutya kutya pamberi penyika yekunze nedare repamusoro.
Uku kunzwa kwekushushikana uye kushushikana kunotenderwa kune muverengi. Asi zvakare Franz aive wepfungwa akavanzika, zvakanyanya, munhu uyu ane tarenda anotsanangura chokwadi chenyika ino pasina mafungiro eglitters, asi aine fungccable metaphoric turnver. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka nyaya "kushandurwa", muna 2002, firimu reRussia rakabviswa neEvgeny Morenov mune inotungamira basa.
Urongwa hwenyaya hunotenderera hwakakomberedza Gregor, murume wechidiki anoshanda senharaunda uye nemari anobatsira hanzvadzi yake nevabereki. Asi zvisina kurongwa zvakaitika: Gregor akatendeuka kuita chipembenene zvikuru mangwanani. Nekudaro, iyo protagonist yakazodzingwa, kubva kune iyo hama nehama dzakasiya nyika yemukati yegamba, vakanetseka nekutaridzika kwakaipa kwechisikwa chinotyisa uye hupfu hwakafuridzirwa, hwaakange asingazivi, (semuenzaniso, aisakwanisa kuwana mari kune yavo mukamuri uye vanotyisa vashanyi).
Asi panguva yekugadzirira kwebhuku racho (izvo zvisina kuzadzikiswa nekuda kwekusawirirana nemupepeti) KAFKA isa ultimatum. Munyori akasimbirira kuti pakanga pasina mifananidzo ine zvipembenene pabutiro rebhuku racho. Kubva pano kune kududzirwa kwakawanda kwenyaya iyi - kubva pakurwara kwepanyama kunzvimbo dzekunamata. Uyezve, zviitiko kuna metamorphosis, zvichitevera nenzira yayo, haina kuburitsa, asi inoisa muverengi pamberi pacho.
"Kuita" chiitiko chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chemunyori, rakabudiswa posthurumously. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti chisikwa ichi chakagadzirwa panguva yacho apo munyori wacho wanga achibatanidzwa naFelicia Bauer uye akanzwa senge anopomerwa, ndiani munhu wese. Uye kukurukurirana kwekupedzisira naiye anodikanwa uye hanzvadzi yake Franz achienzanisa nedare. Ichi chigadzirwa chine nonlinear nhoroondo inogona kufungwa neisina kupera.
Kutaura zvazviri, pakutanga Kafka akashanda pamanyorero akaramba achienderera uye akapinda zvidimbu zvipfupi zvechiitiko mubhuku renyaya, izvo zvakanyorwa uye dzimwe nyaya. Kubva pane ino kabhuku, Franz yaiwanzoburitsa mashitsi, saka zvaive zvisingaite kudzoreredza kuiswa kwechiitiko. Mukuwedzera, muna 1914, Kafka akabvuma kuti yakashanyirwa nenhamo yekugadzira, saka basa riri pabhuku rakamiswa. Hero guru reMabasa - Josefa K. (zvinokosha kuti panzvimbo pezita rakazara-rakazara, munyori anopa magamba ake) - anomuka mangwanani uye anoona kuti zvinosungwa. Nekudaro, chikonzero chechokwadi chekusavharirwa hazvizivikanwe, chokwadi ichi chakanyorwa negamba rinotambura uye hupfu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Franz Kafka akabata zvakanaka kune chitarisiko chake. Semuenzaniso, usati wabva kuyunivhesiti, munyori wechidiki aigona kumira pamberi pegirazi kwemaawa akawanda, achinyanya kuongorora kumeso uye kusanganisa bvudzi. Kuti irege "kunyadziswa uye kugumburwa", Franz, aigara achizviona seyakachena chirova, akapfeka mahombekombe azvino mafashoni. Vakararama panguva yaKafka vakaita fungidziro yemuchenjeri, akangwara uye akadzikama. Izvo zvinozivikanwawo kuti hutano husina husina husina husina husina husina hunotambudza hunotsigira nechimiro uye, kuve mudzidzi, aifarira zvemitambo.
Asi ini handina kuwana hukama nevakadzi, kunyangwe Kafka isina kunyimwa kutariswa kwevakadzi vakanaka. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti munyori kwenguva yakareba akasara mukusaziva zvakazara padyo nevasikana, kusvika auya kune iyo silika kune iyo "Lupanarium" - kota yemarambi matsvuku. Kutarisa kuburikidza nemufaro wemukati, Franz panzvimbo ye laptop yakasangana nekunyangadza chete.
Iye munyori akanamira kumutsara wehunhu hwechikumbiro uye, souyo sogal, rakatiza kubva pasi pekorona, sekunge kutya kwehukama hwehukama nemisungo yemhuri. Semuenzaniso, neFrulein Felicia Bauer Master feather feather paakarova kaviri. Kafka vaiwanzotsanangura musikana uyu mutsamba yake uye diaries, asi chifananidzo chinoonekwa mumisoro yevaverengi, haigamuchirani kune chokwadi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munyori ane mukurumbira aive nehukama neiyo mutori venhau uye mushanduri myenskaya.
Rufu
Kafki aigara achitambudzwa nezvirwere zvisingaperi, asi hazvizivikanwe kuti vaive psychosomatic. Franz akatambura nekuvhiringidzwa kwematumbo, kazhinji musoro uye kushaya hope. Asi munyori haana kupa maoko ake, asi akaedza kurarama nehurombo hwakanaka. Nekudaro, zvese zvinoedza kuunza chimiro chavo kune chakakodzera chitarisiko hazvina maturo.
MunaAugust 1917, vanachiremba vakaona muFranz Kafki chirwere chinotyisa - tuberculosis. Muna 1923, Tenzi wetinoera akasiya nyika yake (akaenda kuBerlin) pamwe chete nedare redhaimani uye aida kuisa pfungwa pakunyora. Asi panguva iyoyo, hutano hwaKafki hwaingove hwakawedzera: kurwadziwa kuri muhuro kwakasanganiswa, uye munyori aisakwanisa kutora chikafu. Muzhizha ra 1924, munyori mukuru wemabasa akafa muchipatara.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti kuneta ndiko kwaive chikonzero cherufu. Guva reFranz riri pamakuva mutsva wechiJuda: Muviri weKafka dzakatakurwa kubva kuGermany kuenda kuPrague. Mukuyeuka kwemunyori, kwete imwe zvinyorwa zvemukati, zvimedu zvakatangwa (semuenzaniso, musoro weFranz Kafka muPrague), uye museum yakavakwa. Zvakare, kugona kweKafka vaive neinogona kuitika kukanganisa kwevanyori kwemakore anotevera.
Quotes
- Ndiri kunyora zvakasiyana kupfuura zvandinotaura, ndinotaura zvakasiyana, zvandinofunga, ndinofunga zvakasiyana, chii chinofanira kufunga nezvakadzika zvakadzika.
- Nzwisisa muvakidzani zviri nyore kana iwe usingazive chero chinhu nezvake. Hana saka haina kutambudza ...
- Sezvo zvaisakwanisa kuve zvakaipisisa, zvakava nani.
- Ndisiye mabhuku angu. Ndizvozvo zvandinazvo.
- Fomu harisi kuratidzwa kwezvemagutsikana, asi chete bhegi, suwo uye nzira yekuenda kune izvo. Iyo ichasimudza chiito - ipapo iyo yakavanzika kumashure chirongwa ichavhura.
BHAIBHERI
- 1912 - "Kutongwa"
- 1912 - "Shanduko"
- 1913 - "Kufungisisa"
- 1914 - "Mune Colored Colony"
- 1915 - "Kuita"
- 1915 - "makarasha"
- 1916 - "America"
- 1919 - "Rural chiremba"
- 1922 - "Castle"
- 1924 - "Horodar"