Biography
Richard i shumba moyo - Chirungu Mambo wePlantagenets, akatongwa neEngland muna 1189-1199. Zita reRichard Ini ndinogara munhoroondo, ndisingatenderi kubudirira kwekutonga ndokwebve kuna Baba nehama. Mwoyo weshumba wakava mukuzivikanwa nerudo rwekushamisika, kudanana uye kusanzwisisika, zvinoshamisa zvakasanganiswa nehungwaru, unzenza uye hutsinye uye hutsinye. Mufananidzo wevamambo wakashinga wakanyungudutswa mumitsetse yake Shakespeare:"Ndivanaani vane simba rekushatirwa vane hasha uye Leo, uyo anobva pazamu reShumba kutya kusingatariswe nemwoyo wamambo ...".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Richard, mwanakomana waHenry mwanakomana waHenry IL english naAxenora Aquitan, akaberekwa musi waSeptember 8, 1157, munharaunda yehurukuro ye bilford. Richard akapedza chikamu chikuru chehupenyu muChirungu Colonies. Ndine dzidzo huru, akanyora nhetembo - nhetembo mbiri dzeRichard ndakachengetedzwa.
Mambo wenguva yemberi weEngland ane simba risingapfupi uye kutaridzika kwakashata (kukura - anenge 193 cm, bvudzi rakasviba uye maziso ebhuruu). Aiziva mitauro yakawanda yekune dzimwe nyika, asi chiRungu cheNative haana kuva naye. Aida mhemberero dzechechi uye tsika, dzinoimba makona church.
Muna 1169, Mambo Heinrich II akaparadzanisa nyika kuti ivhu: mwanakomana wedangwe Henry anofanira kuva mambo weEngland, naJeffrey vakagamuchira Brittany. Maitiro uye County Poita akaenda kuRichard. Muna 1170, mukoma waSinrich Heinrich akakoromora seheinrich iii. Simba chairo reHeinrich III harina kugamuchira uye kusimudza kumukira kwaheinrich II.
Muna 1173, mambo Right Richard, akakurudzirwa naamai vake, akabatana naamai kuna baba pamwe chete naHama Jeffrey. Heinrich II akapa basa rakadzoserwa kuvanakomana vake. Muchirimo cha 1174, mushure mekutapa amai, Alienora Arijitan, Richard ndiye akatanga kupa baba vake uye akakumbira ruregerero. Heinrich II akaregerera mwanakomana anopanduka uye akasiya kodzero yekubata matsime. Muna 1179, Richard akagamuchira musoro weDuke aquitania.
Kutanga kwebhodhi
Muchirimo cha 1183, Heinrich iii akafa, achisiya nzvimbo muChirungu cheChirungu cheChirungu. Heinrich II akataura Richard kuti ape bhodhi iri muCounty yekukara kune munun'una waJohn. Richard akapindura nokuramba, izvo zvakashanda sekukonana pakati pake uye Jeffrey naJohani. Muna 1186, Jeffrey akafa kumakwikwi eKnight. Muna 1180, korona yeFrance yakagashirwa Firipi ILUgust. Kufunga nezvenzvimbo dzepanyika dzeHemrich II, Firipi kushushikana uye kumisa Richard kunopesana naBaba.
MuBiograph's Biography's Biography, imwe zita rekuti zita rakachengetedzwa - Richard Yesu-uye kwete, uyo akapupurira kutaura kweramangwana remamambo. Muna 1188, Richard na Firipi vakatanga kurwa naMambo weEngland. Heinrich akarwisa kusuwa, asi akakundwa kubva kuFrench. Zvinoenderana nechibvumirano naPhilip madzishe eFrance neEngland vakachinjana Allies rondedzero.
Kuona zita reMwanakomana waJohn waJohani, Anorwara Heinrich IL SNICK, rakatungamirwa nerondedzero yevatengesi. Mushure mekureva nhema kuburikidza nemazuva matatu, mambo waKurume 6, 1189 akafa. Zvavakanga vachiviga Baba muguva ari Abbey Fontiewly, Richard akaenda Rouen, apo musi July 20, 1189, takaberekwa tine musoro Duke pakati Norman.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Bhodhi reEngland Richard Ndakatanga nekuparara kwamai, kutumira nemirairo kuWinchester William Marshal. Shamwari dzaBaba vevanhu vese vakaregerera, kunze kwetienne de Marsai. Baron, uyo akapfuura parutivi rwake mukukonana neHemrich II, Richard, pane kudaro, akabvambura mubhadharo. Akasiya korona yenzvimbo yekutengesa machinda, nokudaro achipa mhosva kutengeswa kwababa.
NYAYA, ichishandisa chirevo cheMwanakomana pane kodzero yekupa mhosva, vakafamba vachitenderera nyika uye vakasunungurwa vasungwa vakapedzisa panguva yekutonga kwemurume wake. Richard akapora mundiro kodzero dzevakaroorana vasina midziyo yeHenry, akadzosera mabhishops kuEngland, akatiza kubva kunyika kubva mukutambudzwa.
Musi waSeptember 3, 1189, Richard ndakaungana muWestminster Abbey. Mhemberero pachiitiko cheContion yakafukidzwa nePorms Pogroms muLondon. Bhodhi rakatanga nekuongorora kweChivigiro uye chirevo chevakuru vari munyika dzamambo. Kekutanga munhoroondo, hupfumi hwakafumiswa kuburikidza nekutengeswa kwezvakatangira veruzhinji. Vakuru nevamiriri veChechi, vakaramba kubhadhara chinzvimbo, vakaenda kujeri.
Munguva yekutonga kweEngland, Richard aive munyika haapfuuri gore. Bhodhi racho rakaderedzwa kusvika kuunganidzwa muchivigiro uye nekugadziriswa kweuto uye nehombodo. Kuenda kubva kunyika, kusiya ushe komunun'una wechidiki John naBishopi weIli. Munguva yekusavapo kwake, vatongi vakakwanisa kuteerera. Nguva yechipiri yakasvika kuEngland Richard munaKurume 1194. Kusvika kwemamongi kwaiperekedzwa nemumwe muunganidzwa wemari kubva kuVassal. Panguva ino, nzira dzaidiwa paRicharard Hondo naPhilip. Hondo yakapera munguva yechando ya 1199 nekukunda kweBritish. MaFrench akadzoka zvinhu akasarudzwa kubva kuchirungu chechiRungu.
Kunze kwenyika
Richard ini ndinoenda kuchigaro cheushe, drezil nezve crusade yakakwira kune iyo Tsvene pasi. Kuita gadziriro, kuunganidza mari kuburikidza nekutengeswa kweScotland yakakundwa ne heinrich II, Richard akaenda munzira. King's King Philip II akatsigira pfungwa yekuenda kuHender kune Tsvene Pasi.
Kubatanidzwa kwevashandiswi veFrance neBritish kwakaitika muBurgundy. Hondo yaPhilip naRichard yakanga ine zviuru zana zvemauto. Pavazed muBordeaux yemariro ekuvimbika kune mumwe nemumwe, madzimambo eFrance neEngland akafunga kuenda kugungwa negungwa. Asi mamiriro ekunze akashata akadzivirira ma crusaders. Ini ndaifanira kugara kwenguva yechando muSicily. Kufamba mumamiriro ekunze akashata, mauto akapfuurira rwendo.
MaFrench akasvika muPalestine pamberi peBritish isati yatanga musi waApril 20, 1191 nekukomba kwemafuta. Richard akarwa panguva ino aine mudzivisi weCypriot, Mambo Isaka comnin. Mwedzi wehondo wacho wakatemwa korona nekukunda kweBritish. Richard akatora mhuka yaibata uye yairaira mamiriro eumambo hweCypriot. Sezvo akamirira kubatana, musi waJune 8, 1191, maFrench akatanga kurohwa kuzere. Acre yakakundwa nevakakomberedzwa neChikunguru 11, 1191.
Philip Pakutanga akaita akabvumirana naRichard. Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva, kamwe kamwe aireva chirwere ichi, mambo weFrance akaenda kumba, achitora mazhinji evazhinji vaFrench crusaders. Richard akaramba achingova zviuru gumi knights akatungamirwa nemutungamiriri weBurgundy.
Hondo yavarwi, vakananga kuRichard, vakakunda kukunda kumwe kwekutenderera mushure meimwe. Nenguva isipi mauto akauya kuzavaka muJerusarema - iyo nhare dzaAkisinari. Varwi vakasangana nehondo dzevavengi zviuru zvitatu. Kukunda kwakunda muuto richard. Saracins akatiza, achisiya zviuru makumi mana akaurayiwa panhandare yehondo. Richard akarwiswa seshumba, achifamba achityisa pamarwi. Kufamba munzira yeguta, mambo weChirungu akaenda kuJerusarema.
Kumisa mauto evakapatsanuka pedyo neJerusarema, Richard akapedza mauto. Mauto aive muNyika Isingaburiki: Nzara, akaneta mushandirapamwe mirefu. Pakanga pasina zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira pfuti. Ndakaona kuti kukomba kweJerusarema kwaisakwanisa, Richard akarayira kuti aende kure neguta uye anodzokera kuakare pamberi.
Nekuoma, kurwa kubva kuSaracinov pasi peJufa, Richard akagumisa paSeptember 2, 1192 nechero kwemakore matatu aine sultan saladin. Pasi pechibvumirano neSultan, chikepe chePalestine neSiria chakaramba chiri musimba revaKristu. VaKristu vechiKristu vakatumira kuJerusarema vanovimbiswa kuchengetedzeka. Mwoyo weRichard wakakurisa moyo weShumba wakawedzera nzvimbo dzechiKristu panyika inoera kwemakore zana.
Zviitiko kuEngland zvakada kudzoka kwaRichard. Mambo akaenda kumba ari kumba muna Gumiguru 9, 1192. Munguva yerwendo, ndakapinda mudutu ndokukandwa pamhenderekedzo. Shanduko neiyo pilgrim, yakaedza kuenda kuburikidza neyakaganhurira yemuvengi weChirungu korona - Leopold Austrian. Richard akawana uye akapikiswa mumabhawa. Mambo weGerman weHeinrich VI akarayira Richard uye akaisa chiRungu mambo kugomba reimwe yemumhanyi. Vanyori vakatengwa naMambo Richard kwemazana mazana mashanu ezviuru. Kudzoka kwemateguru kuenda kuEngland Vassala yakasangana neAwe.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ruoko rwaRichard vakati madhiri mazhinji. Muna Kurume 1159, Henry II akagumisa chibvumirano neBarcelona Count nezvewanano yaRichard nemumwe wevanasikana vake. Zvirongwa zvemambo zvaimota hazvina kufanira kuti zviitike. Muna 1177, Baba Alexander III vakamanikidza Henry II kutendera kuguma kwemuchato pakati pemugodhi weLouis vile naRichard.
Muchidimbu cheAdele, iyo French Duchy yeBerry yakapihwa. Uye muchato uyu hauna kuitika. Gare gare, Richard akaedza kuroora paMago, mwanasikana waVulgrena taylefer, ane dowry muchimiro cheMota yeLa Marsh, ipapo nemwanasikana waFriedrossa.
Mukadzi waRichard - Alienora akasarudza mukadzi wake kuna mambo. Mambokadzi amai vakatarisisa kuti nyika dzeNavarre, iri muganhu wokumaodzanyemba kweakajaya, inochengetedza zvinhu zvayo.
Naizvozvo, Richard musi waMay 12, 1191 muCyprus akaroora Berengaria navarre, mwanasikana waMambo Navarre Sancho vi kuchenjera. Pakanga pasina vana muwanano, Richard akapedza nguva shoma nemukadzi wake. Mwanakomana wega waMambo - Philip De Coognac - akaberekwa kubva kuSecramaritaarital Convers neAmelia de Cognac.
Rufu
Maererano nengano, Richard, akanhonga munda muFrance, akawana pfuma yendarama uye yakatumira chikamu chaIshe mukuru. Richard akabvumidza kupa ndarama yose. Sezvo takatambira kuramba, mambo akaenda kunhare yekarati isipo kure nemakumbo, kupi, zvinonyanya kuitwa, pfuma yakachengetwa.
Pazuva rechina rekukomberwa kweRichard panguva yekudonha kwechimiro, iyo French knight Pierre Basil yakaiswa muzvombo zvemuchato. Musi waApril 6, 1199, mambo akafira pagore rezuva rechipiri kubva pakutambudzika kweropa. Padivi kune baba vane makore makumi manomwe nematanhatu ekuzvarwa.
Ndangariro
- Ibergo (Roman Walter Scott)
- "Talisman" (Roman Walter Scott)
- "Kutsvaga Mambo" "(Roman Gomo Dzvinhi)
- Richard Shumba moyo (bhuku maurice yololet)
- Richard i, King Chirungu "(Opera Georg Horel)
- Richard Shumba moyo (Opera Andre Gretri)
- "Shumba munguva yechando" (Play naJames Goldman)
- "Robin Hood - Prince thauves" (Film reynolds firimu)
- "BallAda yeValiant Knight yeAVVIMA" (Firimu rakananga neSergey Tarsova)
- "Umambo hweKudenga" (Film Ridley Scott)
- "Adventures Robin Hood" (bhaisikopo Michael Cartiitsa)