Biography
Kana zvasvika kune vanyori vane hunhu - avo vakaona nyika uye vakasangana nezvakaitika zvoga, vanowanzo rangarira vanyori vekunze, Jack London, Reddiard Kukwira uye Henry Rider Hader. Asi vashoma vanoyeuka munyori weRussia, mudzidzisi uye mufambi-mufambi-mufambi weBoris Stepanov, uyo mumwe wake muPeru Vitaly Valentinovich Bianki anonzi Columbus asingaperi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Boris akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 30, 1882. Zvakaitika muguta reVelky novgorod. Iye mukomana akava mwana wechipiri mumhuri - wekutanga aive mwanasikana waVera. Baba Boris - Stepan Vasilvich - waive mudzidzisi mune iyo Novgorod Mudzidzisi's Institute. Maererano nebhuku rezvinyorwa Stepan VasilEvich, marudzi akati wandei evana akadzidza arithmetic, algebra uye geometry. Amai vemukomana - Tatyana Pavlovna - raive pianist yakakurumbira, mudzidzi weRussia composter Anton Anton Grigorichich rubhinstein.
Nekuda kwemidzi yechiJuda kumashure Stepan Vasilevich, vanhu vanobva kuzviuno zveNyika vakacherechedzwa. Naizvozvo, kana mushure mekuzvarwa kwemunyori wenguva yemberi, kusawirirana, Stepan valevelvich, akafunga kutora mhuri kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo pakati peiyo Allia uye yemunharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika. Kutasva gore muRussia, asi saka pasina ubviswe, vagari vokutanga vanotora mhuri muOdessa, kwaigara hama yake uye hanzvadzi yake.
Mune Odessa Stepan Vasilvich inogutsikana necashier-accountant yeParagas, uye tatyana pavlovna inova mudzidzisi yakazvimiririra pane yekhibhodi yemutambo. Kuumbwa kwekutanga kwekutenda uye boris kusvika pamba, uye mushure mekunge vauya kumitambo yejynasi. 5. Mune ino institution institution uye kuzivana kweZHITkoV-jr. Nemunyori wenguva yemberi uye mushanduri kornie chkovsky, pamwe neVladimir Evgenievich Zhabotinsk - Iyo nhare yemberi yemauto echiJudha.
Muna 1901, Boris inopera iyo Gymnasium uye inopinda iyo Imperi novorossiyk University yeDhipatimendi rezvisikwa zveStacience. Semudzidzi kuyunivhesiti, anotendera kuti vatore kufarira mutambo pane violin, asi gare gare vanofunga kuchinjanisa iyo mumoto (Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete mufananidzo mumwe weZHITkov zvakachengetedzwa). Usakanganwa mukomana uye pakukura kwemuviri - atove mugore rechitatu rinokunda mibairo mumakwikwi ekufamba.
Iyo hyperactive yakasarudzika uye chokwadi mukutenda zvinotungamira boris kune chokwadi chekushandurwa kweRussia che1905, vagari vanobatsira kuyambuka zvombo kune vafambisi vechikepe vakafunga kuronga mhirizhonga. Muna 1906, Boris inogamuchira diploma yeyunivhesiti. Nekuda kwenzvimbo isina kugadzikana munyika, kureba hakugone kuwana basa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane zano reshamwari rinosarudza kuve mutyairi. Mushure mekunge zvikamu zvakati wandei mugungwa, mukomana anopa bvunzo pane iyo navigator. Mubasa reiyo Navigator yechikepe chechikepe chinoita hiking muTurkey neBulgaria.
Mabhuku
Mumabhuku, Boris ZHitkov akauya nekunonoka. Kune rimwe divi, ihupenyu hwake hwedutu uye hune dutu nezvimwe zviitiko zvave hwaro hwamabasa mazhinji emunyori. Mukuwedzera, munyori akakunda diary uye ainyora tsamba yake, nokudaro achiisa ruoko rwake mune zvekunyora. Muna 1909, inova kaputeni wechikepe chekutsvagisa chakatora chikamu muChinthariological Expedition paYenisii.
Pakudzoka kubva pakubuda, boris inoisa zvinyorwa kuti St. Petersburg Polytechnic University yaPeter kuDhipatimendi Rakakura kuDhipatimendi Rokutakura. Muna 1910, inoenda kuDenmark kuti ipfuure varapi vane mushandiri wesimbi. Muna 1912, inoenda kundo rwendo rwayo rwekutanga rwenyika. Mukufamba kweArmenia, iyo yakawanda yekormendi yakafadza nyika dzaAsia - India, Japan neChina. Muna 1916 inogumisa yunivhesiti mune yakakosha yeiyo enginwei yenguruve.
Pakazosvika nguva yekuburitswa kubva kuPolyTochnic University yekubvumidza yatove yatove yakashanda mumugwagwa wemarine. Muna 1916, Boris anogamuchira chinzvimbo chekuratidzira chikamu chekupiwa, uye gore rakatevera, iyo Jobho Bhuku re kudiwa. Muna 1917, vanofarira vanosiya sevhisi uye kuenda kubasa mune nyanzvi muOdessa Seport, kwaaishanda kusvika 1924. Gore rino, anobvumira akatamira kuPetrograd.
Kune izvi pakanga paine zvikonzero zviviri: Kutanga, Boris akange aneta nekugara munzvimbo imwechete - "Hunhu hweKacheva, zvinorehwa ne" gungwa risina "" manyoro "hwakasarudza kuzvitorera mumba yekuparidza. Hofisi yedheya yakaonga basa, uye rakaburitsa mugore rimwe chetero. Kubva 1925, vagari vanoguta nemudzidzisi kuchikoro chemunharaunda, uye vanoshandisa nguva yake yese yekusununguka kunyora basa. Maererano nekufungidzira kwevaridzi veBorisi, vakanyora zvinyorwa makumi matanhatu nenhau, 59 nenhau, 7 zvinyorwa zvegumi nenhau gumi nezvina.
Boris Stepanovich rakakurumbira zvakanyanya semunyori wevana. Zvakanga zvakaita kuvana kuti akanyora zvakawanda zvemabasa ake - kunyanya, izvo zvandakaona ", chii chakaitika", "nyaya dzongororo" uye "nyaya dzemhuka". Kuunganidzwa kwenhau dzemhuka, rakabudiswa muna 1935, raive nenyaya dzakavakirwa pakufunga kwake kubva kuIndia, "Katsi Yemahara Rue", "About Mhungu", "About Nzou", "About Uye mongoose, "Galka" uye "mhumhi".
Nekudaro, basa rinobviswa pamusoro pebasa rake raive rekuti alove "Viktor Vavich", akazvipira kune zviitiko zve1905. Kwenguva yakareba, basa racho harina kuburitswa nekuti rakarambidzwa. Shanduro isina mabhiri akabudiswa chete muna 1999, nekutenda mwanasikana waKornea Chauvsky, Ridhiya, uyo akawana manyorerwo ezviuru zvaBaba.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vazhinji veiyo novel "Viktor Vavich" vaifarira. Nehuwandu hweavo vaive nebasa raifanira kuita, vaive munyori Boris pastern, Tv Presenter weAvdota Smirnova uye vabaridzi vemo Bykov bykov bykov Vatsoropodzi vakacherekedza kuti kana zvisiri zvekufananidza, "Viktor Vavich" vanogona kutora nzvimbo muRussia Classics pakati pe "Tikhim Don" uye "Dr. Zhivago". Muna 1988, apo zuva remakore makumi mashanu okukura rakarembera kubva parufu rwemunyori, musangano wekutanga wezvinyorwa zvake zvakabudiswa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwega hweZitkov anoziva zvishoma. Mararamiro Emadleya haana kubvumira munyori kuti atange mhuri yakajairika, saka pakupera kwemazuva ake airarama muchato wehurumende nekutenda kwaMikhalovna arnold (1896-1988), mwanasikana wemutungamiriri weBelogorodsky chikoro uye Soviet enrypter.
Pakanga pasina vana vanobva kune vaviri vacho, asi Boris vakava newemu muzukuru weAlasi - mwanakomana wehanzvadzi yakura. Yaive Alyosha yakava prototype yehunhu hwenyaya kubva kuunganidzwa "zvandaona". Nekudaro, pane humbowo hwekuti Zhivkov ane vana vanoverengeka kubva kune imwe felitzat Fedorovna Guseva - mwanakomana nikolay uye mwanasikana waFelicat. Zvirinani, saka zvinosimbisa zvimwe zvezvenhau.
Rufu
Shure muna 1937, Boris Stepanovich akanzwa kurira. Pane zano reshamwari rakafunga kuyedza nzara yekurapa, asi yaingoita chinzvimbo chake. Iri bhuku rakatsaurwa se "Encyclopedia ye" huchenjeri "makore mana, munyori akapera, akatodzora mukadzi wake. Iri bhuku rakazoburitswa pasi pezita rekuti "zvandaona."
Dzimwe bhuku rangu - "Rubatsiro rwuri kuenda" - zvakatsaurirwa kune maitiro anoshanda kubatsira vanhu, munyori haana kuwana nguva yekupedzisa. Zvakangodaro, akazoburitswa akazotevera "nyaya nezve tekinoroji". Boris Stepanovich akafa muAugust 19, 1938. Akavigwa muMoscow, pane yechitanhatu kurangana kwevaGamankov makuva.
Zvichienderana nemabasa ake, makatuni e "mabhatani nevarume" akabviswa (nyaya "kuti ndakabata sei varume vadiki"), "Nei nzou?" (Maererano nenyaya "nezve nzou"), "Powding", pamwe nemafirimu "nyaya dzekutarisira", "ngirozi" uye "Dutu pamusoro peSudche". Izvo zvinhu zveBiography yeZHITkoV zvakashandiswa munhetembo dzaSamueri Marshak "mail" (1927) uye "tsamba yemauto" (1943), pamwe chete neyechida "tarisa-nguva, (1984).
Quotes Boris ZHitkov
- "Hazvibviri kuva zvakaoma kudzidza: Zvinodiwa kuti udzidze kuve nemufaro, kudedera uye kukunda."
- "Izvi zvakaipa kupfuura zvese - nyowani nyowani. Usaende, uye pfeka bhurugwa: Tarisai nguva dzose, zvekuti hazvina kudhakwa kana zvimwe ipapo. Zita kutamba - Kutya. Kubva pamba iwe unoenda - uchitaura izvi! Uye vamwe amai vanomhanya vachipopota vachipopota pamatanho ese: "Tichatyora - havaendi kumba!" Nyadzi dzakananga. Ehe, iwe haudi idzi bhurugwa rako! Nokuda kwavo, pano zvese zvakabuda. "
- "Akaenda kuguta." "Vanhu vanopururudza nehasha, munhu wese anodanidzira, akakandwa, sokunge moto muguta wakatsikwa-tsikwa. Vese vaGiriki vanhu vane slurry vanhu. Mamwe maTurks akagara mumumvuri. Ndiani hobah utsi, uye ndiani uye akasvibisa anoyamwa - akamirira mugumo. "
- "Saka pane katsi kubva kuguta dzaifamba."
BHAIBHERI
- 1924 - "Gungwa Rakaipa"
- 1925 - "Nhau dzegungwa"
- 1931 - "Chisimbiso"
- 1935 - "Nhau dzeMhuka"
- 1939 - "Zvandakaona"
- 1940 - "Nhau"
- 1941 - "Viktor Vavich"
- 1942 - "Nhau Nezve Tekinoroji"