Biography
Bhurawuti yeGerman uye Prosaiik Herman Hesse inonzi inonzi brilliant intorvert, uye bhuku rake nezvekutsvaga kwemurume iye amene "Stephpe wolf" - iyo Biography yeMweya. Zita remunyori rakanyorwa pakati pevanyori vakanyanya kukosha vezana ramakore rechi20, uye mabhuku anogara achiwana nzvimbo pamasherufu evanhu vanofarira kuzviongorora.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Herman aive ane chimiro chevapristi vePurotesitendi. Madzitateguru aBaba Johannes Hesse akaita mumishinari kubva muzana ramakore rechi 18, uye akapa hupenyu zvakare kujekeswa kwechiKristu. Amai Maria vanogunun'una, hafu yemuchadenga, philologist yemhuri yemutendi, vakapedza makore akati wandei muIndia chinangwa chemamishinari. Panguva yekufambidzana naJohannes, anga atove chirikadzi ndokurera vanakomana vaviri.
Herman akazvarwa muna Chikunguru 1877 muguta reKalve Nyika Baden-Württtetg. Vakazara, vana vatanhatu vakaberekerwa mumhuri yeHesese, asi vana chete vakapona: Hermann vakanga vakabereka hanzvadzi Adel naMarulla neHama Hans.
Vabereki vakaona mukudyarwa kweanotevera mutsika, nekuti vakatumira mwana kuchikoro cheMishinari, uye kuenda kuPenension Pension muBasel, uko Musoro wemhuri wakagamuchira chinzvimbo muchikoro chemamishinari. VaHeroran echikoro zvacho zvidzidzo zvaive nyore, kunyanya chiLatin vakafarira, uye zvaive kuchikoro, maererano nemunyori, akadzidza hunyanzvi hwenhema uye kudzvinyirira. Asi pane memodzi yeramangwana reNobel Laureate mumabhuku, akati:
"Kubva pamakore gumi nematatu ndakazvijekesa kwandiri - ndichava mudetembi kana chero munhu zvachose."
Zvinangwa zveHesse hazvina kuwana nzwisiso mumhuri uye munzvimbo dzedzidzo dzakashanyirwa naye:
"Mune imwe nguva ndakauya nechidzidzo icho chaingoita kuti urege kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu: Mudetembi mune chimwe chinhu chinobvumidzwa kuve, asi kwete kubvumidzwa kuve."Herman akatumirwa kuti adzidze kuchikoro cheLatin muHopping Commin, ipapo kune zvebhaibheri seminari, kubva kwaakapunyuka. Herman akashanda mumba yekudhinda uye mudzidzi wepamhepo musangano wechinwiwa, akabatsira baba vake mune yekushambadzira imba yemabhuku ebhaibheri, akashanda kuimba yekutarisa. Pakupedzisira, ndakazviwana zviri nyore muchitoro chebhuku. Munguva yake yemahara ainyatsodzidza, raibhurari yakapfuma yakaramba ichibatsira nasekuru.
Maererano nepangariro dzeHesse, mumakore mana akaratidza kushingairira kusingagumi mumitauro yekudzidza, uzivi, zvinyorwa zvepasirese, zvinyorwa zvenyika. Kuwedzera kune sainzi, aive neboka repepa, richinyora mabasa ekutanga. Munguva pfupi, Hesse akapfuudza bvunzo dzinodiwa dzeChinyorwa cheGymnasium uye yakapinda muYunivhesiti yeTubinggen seMuteereri akasununguka. Uyezve, kusarudza izvo
"Hupenyu hwemweya hwakajairika chete kuburikidza nekubatana zvachose nehupfu, nenhoroondo, nekare uye neakarekare",Yakachinja kubva kune yakajairwa booksersi kune chitoro cheBuckiistic. Nekudaro, zvakashanda, kungopa chikafu chete, uye vakaramba makirasi aya kana uchinyora kubudirira uye mukana wekuve nemhuri yemari.
Mabhuku
Basa rekutanga rekuverenga muBiography yeHerman Hess inoonekwa se "hama mbiri", dzakanyorwa naye mumakore gumi kune hanzvadzi yechidiki.
Muna 1901, basa rekutanga rakakomba reHesse rakaburitswa - "Zvinyorwa Zvekunyorwa uye nhetembo dzeGerman Lausher" (mavara akasara uye nhetembo dzeGerman lausher " ne posthumously Germany Hesse ").
Nekudaro, kutenderwa kwevatsoropodzi uye kuzivikanwa mukuverenga denderedzwa, pamwe nekuzvimiririra kwemari kwakaunza "miviri kamenzind". ROMAN akagamuchira bhuku rekuverenga raEdator Baarenfeld, uye munyori chiratidzo kubva kuimba yakakura yekuburitsa S. Fischer verrag pane bhuku racho rinotevera zvinyorwa. Pashure pazvo, iyo imba yekuburitsa raSamueri hove kwehafu yezana remakore richava iye oga muridzi wekodzero dzekuburitsa mabasa eHesse kuGermany.
Muna 1906, Herman akanyora nyaya "pasi pevhiri", achifunga, seyenzvimbo yaimbove yakaburitswa, zvinhu zveAutobiography, kunyanya nguva yekudzidza muminari. Uye zvakare, munyori wezvinyorwa uye nyaya dzakaita sekushora uye kuongorora. Kwapera gore, hesse mukubatana pamwe nemuparidzi Albert Langen nevamwe uye munyori Ludwig Tom akatanga kusunungurwa kwemagazini yemazwi märz.
"Gerruda" "akaonekwa muma1900. Kwapera gore, Hesse akafamba rwendo kuenda kuIndia, akashanyira Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka. Pakudzoka, munyori akaburitsa muunganidzwa wenhetembo nenhau "kubva kuIndia". Kufarira kweMabvazuva kunowana nzira yekubuda mumakore mashoma gare gare, mharidzo yekufungidzira yeSiddhartha, iyo gamba iro rine chivimbo kuti inobvumikisa kuziva chokwadi, ichi chinangwa chinogona kungowanikwa kuburikidza nezvakaitika zvacho.
MuHealand's Nyika, Akaparidza Zviitiko zveHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, akatanga kutaura nezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zveAnti-Hondo Hondo, Unganidza mari yekuvhura maraibhurari ehondo. Pazivisi venhoroondo, munyori akaburitsa pamwe nemapato ese ari maviri ekurwa, saka hazvishamise kuti mushandirapamwe wakavhurika wakatarisana neHesse, akadanwa nemhombwe nemutengesi mumuchina.
Mukuratidzira, Herman akatamira kuSwiss Beln uye akaramba kuGerman kuGerman. Nharaunda yemazano uye maonero ari pedyo neHesse nemunyori weFrance, mutsigiri anoshingaira weiyo pancifism romen Rollyn. Nenzvimbo imwecheteyo, akapedza kudzidza kuRoma zvaRoshelde, basa rinotevera autoboology, umo panguva ino yaive pamusoro peiyo Brewing Intra-Dambudziko Dambudziko.
Mabhuku eNove Yechokwadi "Desiani", achirondedzera nguva dzekuumbwa kwenzanga uye hwehunhu hwehukama hukuru, akatangira zviitiko zvinosiririsa muupenyu hweHessse. "Mwanakomana wedangwe akafa muchipatara chepfungwa . Kubva pamhedzisiro yekuputsa inorema kutya, Herman aive akaporesa vakakurumbira psychologist Josef Lang.
Pasi pesimba reJungwaan psychoanalysis, Herman Hesse haana kutaura munyonganiso kwete nezve murume wechidiki akadzoka kubva kuhondo uye achitsvaga nzvimbo muhupenyu, asi akanyora nyaya yekukura mukomana airarama hupenyu hwakajairika hwe burger uye Pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu uye nekutenda kusiyano hwehunhu hwake hwakashanduka kuita munhu aive mukuru padanho rekuvandudzwa kwevamwe. Karl akaberekerwa akapindura kune iyo yechokwadi se "pachiedza chemwenje usiku."
Doalism yehunhu hwechikuru, munyori akaziviswa mu "Stephpe wolf" novel, iyo inoonekwa seyakakosha chikamu mumunyori weHesse. Iri bhuku rakatanga kutungamira kwenhoroondo dzechinyakare mumabhuku eGerman, uye makotesheni kubva kuchinyorwa zvinoshandiswa uye sekuda kwekuda kuita, uye semifananidzo yenzvimbo yemunhu.
Iyo nyowani nyowani yekuzivikanwa yakafukidzwa inovharwa hesse mushure mekuburitswa kwenyaya "Narcissus uye zlatosus" ("Narcissus uye Goldmund"). Kuumbwa kwemuumbi kunoitika muEndipolds muEndikoro rekare, uye hupenyu huri kupikiswa neasceticism, yemweya - zvinhu, zvine musoro - mupfungwa.
Rudzi rwekusimudzira kweHeSse's Cospo yaive "Mutambo muBeads", Utopian Novel yeSocialio-Ingwaru Yekutarisa, iyo yakagadzira hurukuro dzakapinza uye kududzira kwakawanda. Pamusoro pebasa, munyori akashanda kwemakore gumi uye akaburitswa zvikamu zvemakore. Bhuku rakazara-rakazara rakaona mwenje muZurich pakati pehondo yechipiri yenyika - muna 1943. Munzvimbo yeHelse yeHESE, yekupedzisira Novel yakarambidzwa kuti munyori aburitswa muna 1951 yeanorwisa-fascist chinzvimbo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hermann hesse akaroora katatu. Nemumwe wekutanga Maria Bernoulli, munyori akaroora muna 1904, mushure mekufamba muItari, mune iyo Maria yaiperekedzwa naHerman soMutori wemifananidzo. Maria, kana Mia, seimwe nzvimbo yaidaidzwa kuti musikana, akauya achibva kumhuri yedzinza rakakurumbira Swiss Mathematican.
Nezvevana vakaberekerwa mune ino kanzano, ruzivo rwezvinhu. Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonzi zvinotaurwa kuti mwanakomana wedangwe waMartin akafa kubva kuMeingingitis, achiri kuyaruka achiri kuyaruka. Panguva imwecheteyo, vamwe vari kutaura nezvaBruno naHeiner, avo vakava maartist uye vaigara hupenyu hwakareba, pamwe neimwezve Martin, uyo akaberekwa muna 1911 uye akaberekerwa mifananidzo.
NaMaria Hesse vakarambana mumusoro 1923, asi mamwe makore matanhatu izvi zvisati zvaitika, mukadzi achitambura nedambudziko repfungwa rakaiswa muchipatara chakakosha.
Muna 1924, Herman akaroora kechipiri paRuth Wenger, mwanasikana womunyori Lisa Wenger. Rute aiva makore makumi maviri, anofarira kuimba uye achidhirowa. Imba iyi yaivapo kwemakore matatu, panguva iyo, maererano nezvirangaridzo zvevarambi, Frau Hesse zvaunofarira zvaiwanzoitwa nezvipfuyo pane zvinetswa zvemhuri. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, vabereki veVedzera vaishanyira vashanyi, uye munyori akakurumidza kuzviona mumba mavo.
Chakanaka chomudzimai wake, hostess uye musikana hesse anowanikwa mune yechitatu mukadzi nisionder. Nemukadzi, munyori akareba akareba - NINONS akatanga kuve fan hombe yebasa raHerman. Gare gare, akaroora Injiniya Fred Dred dolbin, akasangana neHesse muna 1922, apo michato yakapfuura yakawa. Muna 1931, wezvenhoroondo Arimi uye munyori akapa hukama.
Rufu
Mushure mekuburitswa kwe "mitambo mumabhegi", hesse inozvigumira munyaya yenyaya, nhetembo, zvinyorwa. Pamwe chete neNino Herman aigara kuMontignol, iyo suburb yeLugano, mumba mavakaivakirwa navo neELAY uye HNS Boder.
Muna 1962, munyori akawanikwa Lucomia, muna Nyamavhuvhu wegore rimwe chete, Herman Hesse akafa kubva kuHemorrhage muuropi. Akavigwa paColina d'Oro Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
- 1904 - "Peter Kamatzind"
- 1906 - "Casanova inogadziriswa"
- 1906 - "Pasi pevhiri"
- 1910 - "Gertruda"
- 1913 - "Dutu"
- 1913 - Rosholde
- 1915 - "Knulp"
- 1918 - "Mweya wemwana"
- 1919 - "Dianian"
- 1922 - Siddhartha
- 1927 - "Steppe Wolf"
- 1923 - "Kuchinja Pictor"
- 1930 - "Narcissus uye ZlatOust"
- 1932 - "Kufamba kwenyika kunyika yokumabvazuva"
- 1943 - "Mutambo muBeads"