Biography
Alexander Zinoviev - Soviet Liscident, uyo aisazviona seuzivi akadaro, magariro, munyori uye pfungwa uye pfungwa. Haana kuziva kuti tingaitei nekubata nehana, handina kumbovanda mifungo yake uye munguva dzakaoma kwazvo dzaitaura pachena uye kunyora zvaaifunga, kusatenda nemhedzisiro inogona kuitika.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander Zinoviev akaberekerwa muKostroma Dunhu (propence), mumusha wePakhtino, Gumiguru 29, 1922. Mhuri yacho yaichengetedzwa uye inoremekedzwa nevamwe vagari: Baba vaive tenzi uye vakasiya mari yemabhiza kuMosvo, iyo yakaunza purofiti yakanaka. Vabereki vaamai - vakachengetedzwa vanhu, vaive nekwavo zvivakwa muSt Petersburg.
Mhuri yacho yakanga isiri kunamata - amai vaitenda, asi vasingaregi kunze kwechitendero, Sasha, vachitevera muenzaniso waBaba, vakaodzwa mwoyo mukutenda uye vakava munhu asingatendi kuti kuna Mwari. Pamunhu weZinoviev-mukuru, mudiwa, vana vakakura nekuvhenekerwa - baba vakauya navo kubva pamabhuku eguta, magazini emazuva ano, kudhonza midziyo.
Chikoro chacho chaigona kuwana zvakanaka, ndaifarira kuwirirana, ini ndaiverengera zvemagariro uye neuchenjeri zvinyorwa - kubva kune classics kune vanyori veiyo nguva itsva. Kunyanya Alexander aikosheswa neyekufunga kweiyo communism - Karl Marx uye Friedrich Angels.
Mukurarama kwake Sasha aive akanaka: Akatenda mune ramangwana rakajeka, achibvisa zvakanyatsosimudzira pfungwa dzeCommunist, akarota kuvaka runyararo idzva, rakajeka uye rakanaka. Mukutsvaga kururamisira, haana kuziva zviremera uye angatozviita mutungamiri mukuru, chigumbu iye, uyo anga atobata nyika iri muchirongwa chesimbi chekudzvinyirira.
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza muna 1939, chikoro chechidiki chechikoro chakapinda mythls, uye nguva yakaoma yakatanga: baba vakarega kutumira mari, chikimomita chakasimudzirwa nezvakanga zvichiitika kumativi ose, kutsiva kwaive kwakawedzera. Alexander akatsamwira nyaya dzeStalin zvekuti aito funga kumuuraya, asi jaya neshamwari dzake vakatsigira pfungwa iyi yaive yakamirira - yakundikana kuwana chombo.
Ipapo, pamusangano weKomsomoM, Zinoviev akataura zvese zvekuti aifunga nezvechitendero chehunhu, icho chakasiyiwa kubva kuKomsomol uye Institute, vakatumira kune chiremba wepfungwa uye zvakakonzera kuLubyanka. Mukubvunzurudzwa kwekubvunzurudzwa, jaya rakashandurirwa mune rimwe renzvimbo yeDhipatimendi, uye akakwanisa kumhanya. GORE raive rakavanda, panguva iyoyo kuma1940 vakaenda kuhondo uye, vachireva pasipoti yakarasika, vanonzi Zenovyev, iyo yakabatsira kudzivirira kuwanikwa nekusungwa.
Nekusvika kwehondo yakatumirwa kuAviation Chikoro muUlyanovsk. Nemhaka yekudzidza, ndakatopamba ndisina nguva yekuita - yakatora chikamu muhondo yekurwa kubva munaKurume kuenda munaMay 1945. Pamwe chete nemauto emauto muna 1946, Alexander aendesa amai naAmai nehama dzechidiki kuMosco uye vakadzokera kuchikoro kuchizivi cheMoscow State University.
Basa Resainzi
Muna 1951, Zinoviev akapedza chikoro kubva kuMoscow Statey University uye akapinda chikoro chekupedza kudzidza, achisarudza musoro wenyaya wekudzikisira "capital" yeMarx mumamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinhu zvine musoro. Muna 1952, Alexander akaronga "denderedzwa rine musoro", raivapo kurufu rwaStalin; Ipapo maonero evatori vechikamu akakamurwa kuita magazini ekufunga.
Kuyedza kuchengetedza mukwikwidzi kaviri kutadza kutadza. Kero yechitatu, kutsigirwa kwemufundisi wetsika kwakabatsirwa, izvo zvakakwanisa kugamuchira shamwari yenguva refu Alexander, Carlo Canor, uyo Zinoviev akatsigira panguva ye "kurwira nemidzi yeanomhu".
Muna 1955, Alexander akazova mnn kuInstitute of Uzivi Muzivi Muchikamu cheDifilecal Boyism. Panguva ino muUSSR yaive nguva yekuumbwa kwechimiro sesainzi, uye zinoviiverm yakatanga basa, asi zvinyorwa zvake pakutanga akatsauka, uye zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvakakwanisa kungoita muna 1957. Munguva kubva muna 1960 kusvika muna 1972, murume akaramba achiburitsa zvinyorwa zviviri uye monographs, akava muongorori mukuru uye akagamuchira dhigirii yekutarisira.
Basa rekudzidzisa harina kumira munzvimbo: Pakutanga Zinoviev Verenga iyo yakakosha kosi pane uzivi muPupt, saka muMoscow State University. Muna 1966, akagamuchira musoro we purofesa, shure kwaizvozvo akazova musoro weDhipatimendi reOnick muMoscow State University, panguva yehunyanzvi hweuzivi.
Muma1970s, Alexander Alexandrovich akabudiswa muChirungu, chiPolish, Italian neGerman. Logic yakaramba iri imwe yemabasa makuru aya - Zinoviev akatanga kuenzanisa nheyo dzayo.
Iyo mijivhi yepamutemo yeiyo USSR musayenditi yainetseka zvishoma, uye haana kutariswa naye. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti chinzvimbo cheArexander Alexandrovich mune imwe nzvimbo yesainzi yakava shard. Nekudaro, neunyanzvi hwakasununguka, hukama hwacho hwakatakurawo. Semhedzisiro, Zinoviev, uyo aivawo muzvinyorwa zve "mibvunzo ye" mibvunzo yeiyo: VAKAWANDA vakadzivirira kusarongeka kwake vachipindurwa vachimanikidza vachimanikidza vachikurudzira iyo gsensecom leonid brezhnic.
Panguva ino, kuzorora, iyi krushchev thaw, yakapera, uye mune biography yeiyo sayenzi yakatanga nguva yakaoma. Muna 1968, zinoviev yakadzingwa muhofisi yeDhipatimendi reOgent Meso, muna 1973 isingashandiswazve kuDare Racdemic of The Institute.
Muna 1976, Zinovidoict ye "Antipatriicity" yeZinovieT, Akanyimwa mazita esainzi uye akadzingwa kubva kuchiitiko cheuzivi, uye muna 1977, nyika uye kurwisa mibairo yakatorwa masayendisiti. Masayendisiti akararama kuburikidza nekutengeswa kwemabhuku kubva kuLealialialialiali Library uye kubatsira shamwari nemaune.
Muna 1978, wezvematongerwo enyika akatumira zinoviv kubva munyika, sekusagadzikana kwakawanda kwenguva iyoyo. Alexander Alexandrovich akagara muMunich, asi akaramba achimiririra kuti aisava asinganzwisisike. Izvi hazvina kudzivirira zviremera zveSoviet muna 1978 kuti vatadze kuita basa resainzi.
Kuora mwoyo mufungidziro yeSoviet Socialism, Zinoviev zvakadaro, zvakadaidzira kudzoreredza zvisizvo, kuzviona seyakasarudzika. Kufunga nezve USSR yeVertex yenhoroondo yeRussia, musayenzi wake wekuparidzira akaramba zvakanyanya uye akafunga nezvedambudziko.
Muna 1996, Alexander Alexandrovich akaramba achiramba ari mutsigiri weEurope - bhomba reYugoslavia rakamuudza kuti United States inoisa chimiro chitsva chezororo reEurope muEurope. KwaPutin, musayendisiti akatanga kupindura zvakanaka, munguva pfupi akanyadziswa, achiwana mhedzisiro yebasa rake nekufamba kwehupfumi hwehupfumi ku "pombi".
Mabhuku
Budiriro yekutanga yeZinoviev inogona kunge iri yekubvunzana kwake, zvisinei, yakabudiswa chete muna 2002, uye zvisati zvaitika ivo vakagovera kunze kwenyika muSamizdat. Basa rekutanga rehunyanzvi, "ngarava rekutengesa", nezve Informant, kufumura vavengi, Zinovi vakanyora kumashure kuma1950s. Nekudaro, mushure mekudzokorora kwakashata kwevanoongorora uye kanzuru ye konstantin Simonov, musayendisiti akaparadza manyoro.
Kubva 1974 kusvika 1975, Alexander Alexandrovich akanyora "Graying Hights" - Ostly Satira pazvinhu chaizvo zveUSSR. Pfungwa iyi yakauya kwaari panguva yezviitiko muPrague muna 1968. Iri bhuku rakaverengerwa muchivande, shure kwekuti iye akatumirwa kuFrance, kwaibudiswa muna 1976. Kubva 1982 kusvika 1990, Zinoviev akanyora kutenderera kwemabasa "muyedzo".
Iri bhuku rekutanga raive "enda kuCalvary". Akataura nezveRussia hukama hweRussia uye kuvapo kwaro mukati mechimiro cheUSSR. Chigadzirwa chechipiri chekutenderera chaive "evhangeri yeIvan", uko vanofunga vakamusimudza mibvunzo yekutanga yedzidziso yekuona kuti kuna Mwari uye kwaigona kuumba chitendero uye tsika uye vane tsika, asi vasina mufananidzo waMwari.
Bhuku rechitatu, "rarama," rinomutsa nyaya dzehupenyu uye mufaro kubva pachokwadi chekuvapo. Basa rekupedzisira rekutenderera, "Catastowka", kutaura zvazviri - kutsoropodzwa kwakashata kwezviitiko zvekudzora muUSSR.
Mukuita kwekunyora kutenderera, bhuku rakaparadzaniswa rakabudiswa - "kubhururuka kwedu kwehudiki". Mariri, munyori wechizivi akagadziridza maonero ake mumwaka weStainist, achiramba kutongwa kwake kusingaperi uye kuuya kumafungiro ekudiwa kwechikonzero chakadai.
Pakati pama1990s, nhamba yemitambo yekuburitsa Alexander AlexandRovich. Zvisinei, bhuku racho "repasi rose", pakutanga rakabudiswa muna 1996 muFrance, mushure memakore maviri akava mubatsiri muItari. Iri bhuku rinonzi Runtological antiutoppia, achishora nzanga yekumadokero mune stylist, padhuze nekunzwisisa kweanti-husiku haasi orony orzvema, asi huxley.
Muna 1999, Zinoviev sezvinogona kuve nemunyori wekunyora kweiyo nhepfenyuro yeNobel, asi kutsoropodzwa kweiyo bhomba muYugoslavia kwakadzivirirwa. Kudzokera kuRussia, Alexander Alexandrovich akaramba achinyora zviitiko. Muna 2002, mudzidzi seri simbi wemasimbi emumigove wavo akabudiswa, uye Zinovie pachake akanyora bhuku rekupedzisira - "Dambudziko reRussia".
Hupenyu Hwako
Zinoviev aive akaroora katatu, aive nevana vana. Nomumwe wekutanga, akasangana panguva yehondo, muna 1944 mwanakomana wedangwe wemunyori, valery akaberekwa.
Mukadzi wechipiri, Tamara Flavueva, aive mwanasikana wemushandi weNKvd, uye muchato uyu weAlexander Alexandrovich CrexandRovich Muna 1954, Tamara akazvara kubereka mwanasikana anomudiririsa mukukudza iye. Hupenyu hwevaviri ava hwaive husingaoneki, uye mwana aisakwanisa kuponesa imba iyi - zvido zvakasiyana zvevakaroora zvakakanganisika, uye chokwadi chekuti panguva ino zinoviev akaona zvakawanda.
Muna 1965, mhedzisiro yemunyori neOlga Mironovna Sorokina, iyo Alexander Alexandrovich akaroora mumakore mana. Muchato uyu, umo vanasikana vePolina naKsenia vakaberekerwa, vakagara kurufu rwemunyori. Olga akava akatendeka waivimbika kuzoshamwaridzana, wekutanga kuverenga uye mupepeti wemabhuku ake.
Paakafarira muzivi wakadzoka, nezvaAlexander Alexandrovich akadururwa, "Ini ndiri mambo mamiriro". Pazviratidzo, iye, zvisinei, haana kubuda, asi 2002 Zinoviev akapa hurukuro kuAlexander Gordon kuti aende kuGordon; Dingindira rekukurukurirana raive "post-sovietism" uye hurukuro yeiyo pfungwa uye ramangwana Russia kubva pachinzvimbo chenguva iyoyo.
Iyo yekufembera yemunyori yaive yehunyanzvi hwekuona. Kutanga kudhirowa pasi pesimba raBaba, aigara achidzokera kuchiitiko ichi, uye pamisangano yezviitiko zvesainzi, muma1970s, kunyange akanyora mifananidzo.
Rufu
Alexander AlexandRovich Zinoviev akafa muna Chivabvu 10, 2006, bundu racho ndiro raive chikonzero cherufu.Zvinoenderana nechido cheuzivi, mutumbi wakadzvanywa, uye guruva rakabviswa pamusoro peHukuhloma District, nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwake. Chimiro chakaiswa paNovderevichy Cemetery yeZinoviev uye guva rekufananidzira-kenitif wesayenzi kwakaitwa.
BHAIBHERI
- 1960 - "Matambudziko ePhilosophical emology ane pfungwa"
- 1972 - "Zvine musoro Fizikisi"
- 1976 - "Kukwirisa kwakakwirira"
- 1978 - "Remangwana Rakajeka"
- 1979 - "Mumugore weParadhiso"
- 1979 - "Husiku Standomen Notes"
- 1982 - "Homo Sovieks"
- 1983 - "Kubhururuka Kwevechidiki '
- 1984 - "Vhangeri reIvan. Nhetembo"
- 1989 - "Rarama"
- 1990 - "mubati"
- 1997 - "Global murume"
- 2002 - "Kukwira kubva pane zvakadzama kune yakatarwa (pane iyo zvinhu" capital K. Marx) "
- 2002 - "Dambudziko Rusiri"
- 2005 - "Injingi Ingwaru"