Biography
Thomas Akvinsky ndiye muzivi wechitendero chekare wechiKaturike, akakwanisa kuwirirana zvitendero zvechiKristu nepfungwa uye pfungwa. Biography of thewoman yakazoitika kuti ipfupi, asi yakazadzwa nemifungo yekuchenjera, zvibodzwa zvakakosha (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvouMwari "), zvakazarurirwa zvoumbowo, zvishamiso. Iko kukuru kubudirira kweiyo munhu weItaly anofunga ndeyekuumbwa kweuchapupu hwe5 hwekuvapo kwaMwari.Fate
Thomas aquinas, kana Thomas (Thomas) Aquinat, akaberekerwa pana Ndira 25, 1225 muguta reAquino (daridhi razvino), munhare yeDombozazek. Baba Landolf Aquinas vakashumirwa seKannight pana Mambo Roger II, uye Theodore, Amai Neapolitank, vakarera vana vanomwe.
Ipo vanakomana vakura vakaunganidza nyaya yemauto, vabereki vakasarudzwa kuti Thomas nzira yeSinbald, Hama Landolf, vakashanda seBenedictine Monthelterino. Pazera ramakore mashanu, mukomana aive mumamongi echechi, muna 1239 - kuYunivhesiti yeNaples. Pano, Thomas Aquinas akasangana naAquinas, mudzidzi wezvechitendero wechiJudha Maimonide, mudzidzisi weArab West Averroest, vane maonero avo akapesvedzera dzidziso yezviito zveItari.
Mumakore 19, Muzivi wechidiki uyu akasarudza kujoina muOrder of the Preachers hama. Fama Aquinas mhuri yaipesana nepfungwa iyi. Kuti udzivise kupindira, Theodora mumugumo wemwanakomana, nhengo dzehurongwa dzakaedza kufukidza unofunga kuRoma, asi munzira iyo mabatiro avakaita vanun'una vavo.
Vabereki vari kuyedza kuita kuti mwanakomana wake abasisi kubatana neyekunyora, makore maviri emakore akachengeta mutirongo. Zvinonzi rimwe zuva hama dzakatungamira mukadzi wevanhu voruzhinji mu "jeri" kuparadza mhiko yekudaidzira. Thomas aquinas akazvidzivirira kubva kwaari anopisa.
Kukunda kwejaya riri pamusoro pemuedzo unobatwa muPortrait of diego velasquez "muyedzo weSt thomas aquinsky." Pane iyo canvase inoratidza munhu aneta, akapfeka pasi peMonastic Robe Tomasi, uyo anogunun'una ngirozi. Mumwe mutumwa wedenga ari kumashure, uye nekuda kwefudzi rake kune mukadzi akashamisika. Pasi, patsoka dzevanofunga, chengetedza iri kureva nhema.
Mhosva yeKidayiti, muzivi akachengeta kusvika parufu, hupenyu hwomunhu mukukosha kwakapararira kweThomas Akvinsky waifarira Scholastiki. Iye akange asina vakadzi vake nevana.
Kunzwisisa kuti mabasa haaunze mhinduro, musi wa 1244 Theodore akaronga kutiza kwaThomas muNaples, apo muzivi akasangana naJohann von Wilderen, General Tenzi, uye vakapinda mumisangano yemasangano emonastes.
MUNA 1245, murume wechidiki akapinda muYunivhesiti yeParis, iye zano rake ndiye wezvechitendero Albert mukuru. Nekuda kwekutakura uye kuzvininipisa, kwakanyanya kuomarara kunyange yemamongi, vandaidzidza navo vakashushwa neiyo Fema aquinas nzombe. Achipindura kuti asomecule Albert, mukuru akataura kuti quote yechiporofita:
"Unomudaidza kuti nzombe inyararire, asi pfungwa dzake dzichambokumbira kwazvo kwazvo kuti nyika yashamisika."Kutevera mudzidzisi, makore matatu gare gare, Thomas akaenda kuCologne, kwaakachinja mitemo yeTestamente Yekare. Muna 1252 akadzokera kuParis kuti atore mwero wheology. Zvekukodzera pamberi pedzidziso mushure memakore mana, muzivi wakatsanangurwa kuti ave mutenderi weyunivhesiti yeParis, mu126th Thomas zvakare akatora chinzvimbo ichi.
Thomas aquinas akasiya chirevo cheChechi yeRoman Catholic: muna 1261, Papa Urban Iv akaraira muzivi kuti anyatsoita nziyo dzenyota dzemuviri neropa raKristu. "Sango Lingua", "Tantum ergo" uye "Panzvimbo AngelOus" anoitwa nhasi.
Muna 1265, Chechi iyi yakatendeukira kuna Tomasi yekubatsira: Baba vanotevera veRoma, Clement Iv vakaendesa Italian kune bogoslov.
Muna 1272, ichisiya post of Regent of the University of Paris, Thomas Akvinsky akatamira kuNaples, kwaakaparidzira vanhu. Uye gore rakatevera, vanofunga kujekesa kwaMwari. Iyo ngano inoti mushure memangwanani misa mumashure memonline yeNaples, mune chapel of St. Nicholas, Tomasi akanzwa inzwi raKristu.
"Wakandirondedzera, Thomas. "Unoda mubairo wei kubasa rako?"Thomas vakapindura:
"Hapana kunze kwako, Ishe."Kumwe kujekeswa kwakaitika muna Zvita 1273, apo panguva yeMharidzo yeFama Aquinsky yakarova ECSTasy refu. Akaramba kuenderera mberi nebasa rayo rakakura, akazonzi "huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvouMwari". Mushure mekuzorora mune anofunga, yakamutswa kunyora nyota, asi yakanga isingaite kupedzisa kurapwa.
Papa Gregory X akazivisa kubhururuka kweiyo yechipiri lyon katsi katsi, chinangwa chikuru chacho chaive kuyanana kwechikepe cheRoma neOrthodox. Musangano wacho wakakokwa neFama aquinas. Vari munzira, vakatasva mbongoro paRwizi rweRutachiona, murume uyu akarova musoro nezvebazi remuti wakadonha uye kurwara zvakanyanya.
Muzivi akaendeswa kuMontikassino yekurapwa. Kudzoreredza hutano, Thomas akatanga munzira, asi zvakare Zalengo. Akachengetedzwa mukubwinya kwaFosanov. Mamoni akamubata kwemazuva akati wandei. Thomas Akvinsky akafa munaKurume 7, 1274 patafura - akataura rwiyo rweSoromoni Rwiyo.
Pashure pemakore makumi mashanu, Chikunguru 18, 1323, Papa John XxI wateedzera aquinas yevatsvene, uye musi waMbudzi wemitambo yevaRoma masikati eSt. Thomas aquinsky. Pashure pa1969, zuva rakachinjirwa muna Ndira 28. Zvasara zveVazivi zvakaramba zvichitamisa: Muna Ndira 1369 - kuchechi yeMamongi weSanus Ivo vachiri.
Uzivi uye mazano
Thomas aquinas haana kumbobvira atizivikanwa kune vazivi, achifunga nezve vahedheni avo "vanoramba chokwadi nehungwaru." Akatendawo kuti uzivi hunoshandira dzidziso dzidziso yebhaibheri, nekuti zvakazarurwa waMwari inonyanya kukosha chikonzero. Pasinei nekutaura kusiri kwekushandiswa, Tomasi akaverenga Aristotle, iyo yakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo zvayo zvechikoro.
Kutora sehwaro hwechikamu chechina chezivo yechokwadi cheAristotle - ruzivo, hunyanzvi, ruzivo uye neuchenjeri, Thomas Aquinas akataura rake. Akanyora kuti kungwara ndiko kuziva Mwari, ndiko kuti pamusoro pematanho ese. Iye anofunga akaenderera mberi uye akagoverwa marudzi matatu euchenjeri: Nyasha, zvouchenjeri (zvechitendero (huchenjeri hwekutenda) uye metaphysical (huchenjeri hwepfungwa).
Kufanana naAristotle, Thomas Aquini akafunga nezvemweya ane chinhu chakazvimirira, icho chinoenderana nezvido zvevanhu, chiratidzo chezvaakaita chakanaka nechakaipa. Mweya munhu unopihwa kubatana naIshe mushure mekufa.
Naizvozvo, munhu anofunga anoti, vagari vanonzwisisa vanotsvaga kurarama zvakaringana kubatana neMusiki kune rumwe rutivi rwenyika. Muchiizvi Thomas, anodzokorora pfungwa dzevanoita pauzivi hwehurumende yechiKristu yeaverellwium Augustine, kana Augustine yekufema.
Munhu achaziva nyika nechikonzero, hungwaru nepfungwa. Nekuda kwekutanga, kutonga uye mhedziso uye yechipiri inobatsira kuongorora mifananidzo yekunze yezvinhu, uye yechitatu inomiririra musanganiswa wezvinhu zvekunamata zvemweya. Kazhinji, ruzivo nderezvo, maererano neThomas weAquinas, anoparadzanisa munhu kubva kumhuka, zvidyarwa, zvisikwa zvaMwari.
Kuti uwane zivo yevaMwari, kune zvakare zvishandiso zvitatu - pfungwa, zvakazarurwa uye intuition. Saka, Thomas aquinas aive mumwe wevadzidzi vekudzidzisa achiziva mukana wekunyatsojekesa nekujekesa kwakakwirira nenzira ine musoro. Zvakare: Zvakadaro basa rakakura "huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvouMwari", uyo anofunga akatungamira humbowo shanu hwekuvapo kwaMwari.
- Kutanga kufamba. Kufamba kwezvinhu zvese zvine simba munyika kwakambotsamwiswa nekufamba kwezvimwe zvinhu, uye zvinhu zvekare zvechitatu. Nekudaro, Mwari vakava mudzi wakakonzera kufamba.
- Chechipiri - Gadzira Simba. Chiratidzo chakafanana neyekare uye chinoreva kuti chimiro chechikonzero chezvinhu zvese chakamboitwa munyika ndiMwari.
- Chetatu kudikanwa. Chinhu chega chega chinoreva kugona kugona uye chaiko, asi zvinhu zvese hazvigone kuve mukubata. Chinhu chinodiwa kusimudzira kushandurwa kwezvinhu kubva zvinokwanisa kusvika kune chaiyo mamiriro mune icho chinhu chakakosha. Chinhu ichi Mwari.
- Yechina ndiyo yakaenzana. Vanhu vanoenzanisa zvinhu uye zviitiko nezvinhu zvakakwana. Izvi zvakanakira uye kuna Mwari.
- Yechishanu - chinangwa chikonzero. Zviitiko zvezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakakodzera, zvinoreva kuti chinhu chinodiwa, kubvunza chinangwa chezvinhu zvese zviri munyika. Uye chinhu ichi ndiMwari.
Kuwedzera kune chitendero, Thomas Akvinsky akafunga nezvenyaya iyi. Chimiro chakakwana chechishandiso chezvematongerwo enyika, muzivi waiona madzishe. Mambo anozviziva Mwari pasi pano, anosungirwa kufunga nezve zvido nezvido zvezvese zvematanda enharaunda, pasina kupa mwarapiro kumunhu anodya. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuda kwaChangamire kunosungirwa kuteerera vafundisi, ndiko kuti, kubwinya kwaMwari.
Thomas akatanga kupedza mutsara pakati pechinhu uye kuvapo. Pashure pacho, kuparadzaniswa uku kwakaumba hwaro hweCatholic. Iyo yakakosha yeThomas Aquinsky inonzi "Pfungwa yakachena", kureva kuti, iyo yakakosha yechiitiko kana zvinhu, huwandu hwehunhu. Icho chokwadi chekutsvaga zvinhu kana phenomena munyika chine chiratidzo chekuvapo chahwo. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chimwe chiripo, kutenderwa kwaMwari kunokosha.
Pfungwa dzemufungo weanofunga uye neuchenjeri hwechitendero, "huwandu hwetsvanyiriri" hwakavakwa dzidziso, iyo yainzi Tomis, kana yeiyo yechifananidzo. Zvinoti kwete zvakanyanya nezvembambo dzekutenda, zvakadii pamusoro penzira dzekubvuma kutenda kuburikidza nechikonzero. Nekudaro, iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yeiyo phoma yeiyo fama aquinsky ndiko kugamuchirwa kwacho seyekutanga pfungwa yechiKatorike.
Quotes
Rega mifungo iyi ipfuure mumabhuku, ichave yako guta guru capital, uye pfungwa dzaunonyanya kufarira, iwo mavara anomuda. Munhu akasarudzika anoda shamwari, uye kwete kuti abatsire, uye kwete kuti uzvidye, nekuti iye ane hupenyu hwakanaka hwekurarama. Mhanya dzinoda varume vakangwara kupfuura vane kugona zvakanyanya kupfuura zvandaishamisa. Ini ndinowanzopfidza zvandaitaura, asi kashoma kudemba pamusoro pezvakanyarara.Mafambiro
- 1245-1466 - "Musangano pane vamwe vanozivikanwa varidzi"
- 1255 - "Pane nheyo dzezvisikwa"
- 1256-1259 - "Mibvunzo Inopokana Nezvechokwadi"
- 1259-1268 - "Mibvunzo Inopokana Nezve Simba raMwari"
- 1261-1263 - "Mari yacho inopesana nevahedheni" ("huwandu hweuzivi")
- 1265-12774 - "Theology huwandu"
- 1267 - "Mibvunzo Inopokana NezveMweya"