Biography
Willets Collins - Chirungu munyori, ane basa raro rakatsanangurwa kuvigwa pasi pehunyanzvi hwekuita mako tsain uye Charles dickens. Mabasa ayo anosarudzika nekuzivikanwa, zvirongwa zvinoshamisa zveukuru, kupinza kwerimi uye nekugadzikana kwekunyepedzera, uye noutano "mukadzi muchena achashongedza raibhurari yebhuku rega rega.
Biography yeWilliam Wilki Collkins inotora muna Ndira 8, 1824 muLondon yeMarilyon, mumhuri yemurapi weChirungu, nhengo yeLondon Academy William Collizz uye Harriet Geddes. Zita remukomana rakagara nhaka kubva kuna baba vake, uye zita remuvaki iro raakazoziva nyika yose, rakabva kuna Mwari - muimbi-zhanrist David willow.
Makore mana mushure mekuzvarwa kwematangwe, mumwe mwana akazviratidza mumhuri - Charles Alstton Collins. Gare gare akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaBaba vake uye akava murwi, muteveri wenguva isati yasvika - mafambiro ezvekugadzira, chinangwa chacho chaive kurwisa kokorodzano dzeVictorian Nguva yeVictorian Era.
Kuziva kwekutanga kweWillow naCharles vakawira pamba. Mhuri Collins yainamata zvakanyanya, saka Harriet yakamanikidza vanakomana kuti vaende kuchechi, verenga minamato isati yarara uye nekucherekedza mbichana. Rutivi urwu rwehupenyu rwakanga rwusina kuravira munyori wenguva yemberi, asi mukukura kwake iye anozviti Chikristu nekuvhima uye kushingairira
Muna 1835, Wilki akapinda muAdaya Vale Academy, asi akadzidza kwenguva yakareba: kubva muna 1836 kusvika muna 1838, mhuri yaigara muItari, ipapo muFrance. Kunze kwenyika, vakomana vakakurumidza kudzidza Italian uye French. Vokupedzisira vakapa Wilki zviri nyore, uye gare gare akasunungurwa.
Kudzokera kuAmailand, vabereki vakatumira mukomana kuchikoro chakazvimirira cheReverend Cole mune hyber, kuchamhembe kweLondon. Wilki haana kufarira kudzidza, asi kunyanya muvakidzani wake mukamuri, iyo yakadzora pakati pehusiku uye yakamanikidzwa kutaurira nyaya kuti dzirare zviri nani.
"Rwakanga riri mukomana akaremara aindifamba zuva nezuva, zuva rake risina kusimba. Asi kana zvisiri kwaari, ndingadai ndisina kumbomira ... Pandakabuda chikoro, ndakaramba ndichitaura nyaya, asi kuti ndirambe ndichifara, "quote yangu yakadaro yakazotaurwa mumarara eaya.Pakupera kwa 1840, mukomana akapedza chikoro uye pakusimbirira kwaBaba vakawana Antrobus & Co Tree Vatengesi. Iyo monotonous stationery yakanga isina kufanana nekufona, asi akashanda papurazi kwemakore mashanu.
Mabhuku
Panguva imwe chete nebasa riri kuBeliceprise, Wilki akagadzira basa rekutanga - nyaya "yekupedzisira kochi", iyo muna 1843 yakabudiswa mumagazini "yakavhenekerwa". Mugore rimwe chetero, muridzi weChirungu akanyora zita rekuti Dovel "Iolani, kana Tahiti, sezvazviri," rakamupa imba yakadhindwa "Chapman & horo", asi muna 1845 akagamuchira kuramba. Iri bhuku raisabudiswa panguva yemunyori wemunyori: Shanduro yekutanga yakaonekwa muna 1999.
Kuedza neWillow kuti ave munyori akadzima tariro yeWilliam Collins pane chokwadi chekuti Mwanakomana achagara nhaka yebasa uye anova muimbi. Zvakangodaro, baba havana kugara kubva kusarudzo yeramangwana kuti mugari wenhaka: Wobva wagutsikana kupinda mugweta rekuti Linorary of Lincolns-Inn muna 1846.
Collins Jr. airatidza kufarira zvishoma muMutemo uye kazhinji yenguva yakashanda pa nobvely "Antonina, kana kudonha kweRoma". Pashure porufu rwaBaba muna 1847, Wilki akaburitsa basa rakakomba rakakura - "ndangariro dzehupenyu hweWilliam Collins, esquire, nhengo yehumambo hwehumambo hwehunyanzvi." Uyu wenguva pfupi izere zita reChirungu Chirungu.
Kuenderera mberi nekupa mutero kune ndangariro dzaBaba, muna 1849, Willow Collins akaedza seMuimbi uye akagadzira mufananidzo we "kudzoka kwevanhu vanoratidzwa neZhizha Rekuratidzira kweMambo Academy.
MunaFebruary 1850, Roman "Antonina" akabuda. Iri basa ndere kunyangwe rakakosha pabasa remaza, asi rinoita kuti risanyanya kufarirwa kupfuura "dzinofamba kubva mujanji" (1851). Zvinyorwa zvine mavara, chinorwadza runako rwechirungu, zvakanyorwa panguva yeConnwall County munaJuly-Nyamavhuvhu 1850. Munyori wekambani aive muimbi-landscapeist henry brandling.
Pazera rimwe chete, Wilki Collins akapedza dzidzo yepamutemo uye akava barister, ndiko kuti, nhengo yemagariro emutemo. Kunyangwe munyori asina kumbobvira amboita zvakanaka, zivo yakawana pakudzidziswa kweruzivo inoshandiswa pakunyora mukunyora zvinyorwa kuti zvipe rondedzero yekuvimbika. Muna 1851, maBritish artist Augulste egg yakaunza collins aine cacles dickens, uye chiitiko ichi chakavezwa mune yebasa remunyori wepamhepo.
Varume vava shamwari dzinodzokorora uye vatinoshanda navo. Muna May wegore rimwe chetero, pamwe chete nekutamba "hazvina kushata, sezvazvinoita" Edward Bullov-litton, avo vateereri vakava vahosi Victoria uye Prince Albert. Mabasa emitezo "inotyisa yemubhedha" (1852), "Hupenyu Hwaro" (1856), "Chakavanzika chakafa" (1857) Uye vamwe vakabudiswa mubhuku renhau "kumba.
Muna 1853, Wilki akaburitsa bhuku rekuti "Basil" nezve vadiki aristocrat, rinopwanya imwe yematombo evamiriri vekirasi yepamusoro - anowira murudo nemucheka wemutengesi. Kana basil inopa muyedzo wake uye nekuzvibatanidza iye asina kukodzera, Baba vake vachamusiya vasina kodzero yepainhaka. Ehezve, jaya rinoita sarudzo mukuda rudo uye rinoita kuti riwedzere kutorwa nenyaya yerima.
Mukuwisirwa kwa1998, fishmed neIndian Director Radha Bharadvaja, chikamu chikuru chakaitwa neZhizha Zhizha, Claire Foresi, uye shamwari yakazounza Basil nemusikana wekudya, airidza slater.
Kune mabasa mazhinji, anokanganisa mafirimu akaomeswa, uye iye anonyanya kufarirwa ndiye "mukadzi akapfupikiswa" - anonzwa-kunzwa, akanyorwa muna 1859. Anotaura nezve Mujaya wechidiki Wawter Hartin, ayo anodzoreredzwa ne engravie kubva kuunganidzwa weAristocrat Frede. Tsanangudzo dzine muzukuru weLaura, uye saiye madonhwe maviri emvura anotaridzika semukadzi asingazivikanwe muchipatara chevachena - akapunyuka chirwere chepfungwa, icho Walter anosangana nenzira yekuenda kune iyo nzira yekuenda kune iyo nzira yekupinda. Iyi mamiriro anotyisa murume wechidiki uye anokwezva panguva imwe chete.
Magazini yemuongorori akaisa "mukadzi muchena" pamusana wechi 23 mune 100 zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvenguva dzose, uye vatungamiriri, kusanganisira Soviet, vakatanga kuvharirwa. Iyo yekutanga 2-seri yefirimu vadim Derbenev yakabuda muna 1981, muna 1982 na1997, mimhanzi yemimhanzi yeBritish John Bruce uye Tim Faybell yakaunza chiratidzo chake. Kubva 2018, mini-akateerana anobviswa zvichienderana nehuku.
Mabasa akabudiswa muma 1860s ndiwo akanakisa mubasa remunyori: "Asina zita" (1862), "Amadeil" (1866), "Dombo reLunar" (1868). Pamwe chete ne "mukadzi muWhite", aya mabhuku mana akapihwa ruzha rwemusoro kuna tenzi wepeni uye akatengeswa kumatambudziko makuru, ayo akabvumidzwa kukurira kwehupfumi.
Muna 1870, 2 zviitiko zvakakosha zvakaitwa muhupenyu hwematero: kuburitswa kwenyonganiso "murume nemukadzi" uye kufa kwaCharles dickens. Pamusoro peguva reshamwari yepamoyo, Wilka akati:
"Takaonana zuva rega rega uye tidinane sezvo varume vaigona."
Mumakore gumi apfuura, hutano hwaCollins akashatisa: Muchirungu akapotsa bofu, haana kubva mumba ndokunyora nekuomerwa. Akapfuudza ruzivo rwake kune vadiki matarenda, kusanganisira Imba yechiRoma Kane, uye akavabatsira kuti vadzivirire copyright yavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyora kwave kuri nzira yekubata nechirwere icho chisina kubvumira pakupedzisira chengetedzo. Wilki Collins akapedza kupedzisa rutsi "rudo rwebofu", rakataurwa mushure mekufa kwake Walter bester.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1857, Collins akasangana nemakuva eCaroline - akaunza mumhuri isina urombo kumusikana akawana mwanasikana wake Halriet uye chirikadzi. Kuvapo kwaamai vasina murume kwakapa shopu diki, umo mugove wacho waiwanzotarisa-tarisa. Akabata harriet semwana akaberekwa uye akamubatsira kuenda kuchikoro. Kwapera gore, vaviri ava vakatanga kugara pamwechete.
Munyori haana kutsigira iyo Institute yewanano, asi yakaramba yakatendeka Caroline uye Harriet, vachivatarisa mhuri yake. Uye mukadzi aida kuroora. Akasiya Collins paakanyora "dombo remwedzi", rakatambura nekuvimbirira paOpium uye akaroora murume wechidiki anonzi Joseph anotora, asi mushure memakore maviri akadzokera kune collins.
Muna 1868, hupenyu hwemunhu woMunyori akazvipfumisa pamwe naye naMartha Radd, musikana ane makore 19 okukura kubva kumhuri yevarombo. Vana vatatu vakaoneka muUncount: Vanasikana Maria (1869) uye Harriet Constance (1871), Mwanakomana William Charles (1874).
Rufu
Willow Collins akafa musi waSeptember 23, 1889 Kubva pakurova mutezo. Muviri unovigwa pane iyo Kennal Green Cemetery mu West London.
Muna 1895, rufu rwakauya kumakuva, mumwe wevanoshamwaridzana nemunyori akatendeka. Iyo yekupedzisira yakafuratira mukadzi uyu ari padyo nemurume.
BHAIBHERI
- 1852 - "Basil"
- 1854 - "Game yekuvanda uye kutsvaga"
- 1860 - "Mukadzi Akachena"
- 1862 - "Asina zita"
- 1866 - "Armadele"
- 1868 - "Lunar Dombo"
- 1870 - "Murume nemukadzi"
- 1872 - "Varombo Varombo Finch"
- 1875 - "Mutemo nemukadzi"