Biography
Mutungamiri weGreat Libyan Muammar Gaddafi uye wezvematongerwo enyika akarota rusununguko uye mufaro wekondinendi yeAfrica nevanhu vake. Akaita shanduko, akaparadza mambo, uye panguva imwe chete iyoyo akapa mupiro mukuru mukusimudzira kwenyika yake.
Zuva chairo rekuzvarwa reMumar haringazivikanwe, nenzira imwecheteyo, akazvarwa muna June 7, 1942, mune mamwe magwaro, 1940 uye mamwe misi yakanyorwa. Biography of the furtember Prime Minister Rakatanga mumhuri yeBedouin padyo neCasre Abu Hadi, 30 Km kubva Libyan Sirta.
Gare gare mubvunzurudzo, akasimbisa zvaaibva, zvichizivisa kuti vaive vanhu vakasununguka uye vakafarikanya zvisikwa, nekuti vaigara mumatende. Iye aive mwana mudiki mumhuri, pamwe chete nechitanhatu, uye mukomana chete. Amai vakatungamira imba, mwanasikana akabatsira mumukadzi uyu. Baba, nomwana kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo, vachipfuura nembudzi nemakamera.
Mukomana akaenda kuchikoro aine makore 9 ekuzvarwa. Sezvo baba vemhuri vaigara vachiwana nyika itsva, dzakawanda dzakaorera, mhuri yake yakamanikidzwa kudzungaira naye. Saka, muamar aigara achinja zvikoro, akagamuchira dzidzo yechipiri mumasangano matatu akasiyana ezvidzidzo. Sezvo pakanga pasina mari mumhuri, vaiziva nezvaBaba, vakagadzirira kugara Mwanakomana, mushure mekunge Bhaibheri reMumar rakaramba riripo mumosque yemuno uye vakarara ipapo. Vabereki vakauya chete kumukova, vachikura 30 km netsoka.
Zororo zvakare rakaitika patende remhuri. Uye kunyangwe musasa waKaddafi wagara uchigara uchibva kumahombekombe 20 kubva pamahombekombe, mukomana akataura kuti anga asati amboona gungwa achiri mwana. Nenzira, akazova iye oga mwana mumhuri yaive yakadzidza. Uye mushure mekupedza kudzidza, akapinda chikoro chechipiri cheCECA.
Shanduko
Sangano rekutanga rekunyepedzera muhupenyu hweGaddafi rinoonekwa muchikoro chesekondari. Vatori vechikamu vaive kunyanya vechidiki vechidiki, muamar akabata chinzvimbo chinoshanda. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekuparadzwa kwehutongi hwehutongi, hwakagutsikana nemunhu. Muna 1961, murume akaitisa kuratidzira nevamwe vatori vechikamu musangano, akataura nezve kusawirirana nehupi hweSyria kubva mumhirizhonga. Kutaura kwekupedzisira kwakati kuna Gadhafi amene, izvo zvakadzingwa chikoro, sezvo akaronga kuratidzira kwehurumende-hurumende.
Ivo vakomana vakaenda kumarara, vachitsigira shanduko yeAlgeria. Zviremera hazvina kufungidzira kutsungirira kwevadiki, vachinyora muamar kune varanda, akatanga kusungwa, uye ipapo vakatumirwa zvachose kubva kuguta. Mujaya hwake, aive nesimba, akaedza kutsvaga zvinangwa zvavo, saka matanho akadai haana kutyisidzira Gaddafi. Akapedza kudzidza mukudzidza mukusiyana-siyana, uye makore mashoma gare gare, akadzidza mukoreji yemauto muBenghazi, yave yagamuchira chinzvimbo chaMeutenant.
Akashanda mumusasa wemauto uye munguva pfupi kuti akwanise kushandurwa kuve chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri. Pamberi pehutongi hwaLibya muRibhiya paakakundwa, murume akashanda mumauto, paaitevera tsika dzechiIslam, dzaisashandisa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye zvine tsika dzakanaka.
Kugadzirira kakawanda kakawanda kwakatanga muna 1964. Pre-Gaddafi akasikwa nechinangwa ichi Sangano Rinonzi "Sososus" ("Yemahara Evheji Union Socialists"). Nezviitiko izvi, maCades akasarudzwa nokungwarira, akadzidza mavara avo, mikana uye akatarisa mumood yevashandi vese.
Shanduko yakaitika muna 1969. Pakazosvika nguva iyo boka ratogadzira chirongwa chekuita. Uye kunyangwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, nguva yayo yakaendeswa katatu, musi waSeptember 1, kuputswa kwemadzishe akatanga. Zviteshi zvemberi zvesangano rakatsikwa, kwaitaurwa naMagamini kumutungamiriri, akatanga kuitisa mashandiro pakubata uye kuiswa kwekutonga kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehondo nehurumende. Vakasarudza kuita hurukuro dzevoruzhinji muBenghazi, Tripoli nemamwe maguta makuru enyika.
Kuita kwacho kwakaparadzirwa pasi rose, kunze kwekusiyana-siyana kwekureba, saka mapoka ehondo anotorwa zvinhu zvisati zvaitika nguva yakatarwa. Pamberi paMaremar, pakanga paine basa rekupinda padheni redhiyo yeBenghazi uye kudzora kuvhiyiwa kubva ipapo. Padare redhiyo, nyika yese yakanzwa kukwidzwa kwaGaddafi, iyo yakaudza vanhu kuti "maitiro uye maitiro akaora" akaparadzaniswa.
Iyo monarchy yakanga isisiri iripo, munguva pfupi yakagadzira Dare reVECUFUREY CATERRENGET (CRC), uye nyika yakatumidzwa zita rekuti Libyan Arab Republic. Panguva imwecheteyo, Gaddafi akagamuchira chinzvimbo cheColonel uye akagadzwa mumutungamiriri wenyika-mutungamiriri wenyika.
Dare Rinodzora
Yatove muChenjedzo yeSRK, muna 1970, muamar akagadzwa Mutungamiriri uye mushumiri wezvekudzivirira. Matanho ekutanga anotorwa neNew Masosi ekudzingwa kwezvibereko zvehondo evamwe nyika kubva kuLibyan nyika, nyika yeMabhangi ekunze nenyika ichangoita veimba yeItari, pamwe nekuchinja kwekarenda. Iyo bhiri yemakore yakatanga kuitiswa kubva pazuva rerufu rweMuporofita Mohammed, akachinja mazita emwedzi.
Muna 1971, kudzokorora kuzere kwemutemo kwakagadzirwa panguva yemadzishe akatanga. Iye zvino mitemo yese yaive yakavakirwa pamisimbiro yeIslam Shariya, zvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka zvakarambidzwa zvakakwana munyika. Zvakare akapfuura yakacheneswa kweanopikisa mutemo mutsva, iyo inopikisa shanduko uye kutanga hurumende itsva. Muna 1979, mitemo yeSharani yakazotangwa munyika.
Nekuuya musimba, muhumwe wakabatana nemaonero ake ehupfumi uye ezvematongerwo enyika nerudzi rwepfungwa, iyo, mumaonero ake, inogona kubatsira kuvandudza pachena. Gaddafi akatsanangura basa rayo guru mubhuku rakasvibira, iro rinopa nheyo dzechitauridzo chenyika yechitatu.
Ikoko, mazano echiIslam anosangana nawo nedzidziso dzeRussia anarchists (kropotkin naBakunina). Muchikamu chekutanga, chimiro chechishandiso cheJamahiriya, icho muna 1977 chakabudiswa uye zviri pamutemo zvakava chimiro chitsva chekutonga kwenyika.
Achigamuchira chishandiso chitsva, hurumende yakanyungudutswa, uye panguva imwe chete yakagadzira masangano matsva, iyo nzvimbo yevanhu vakuru, iyo somant uye Bureau. Secretary mutimbiso Gaddafi. Uye kunyangwe mushure memakore maviri, murume akapa nzira kune vanyori vehunyanzvi, kubva ipapo inotaurwa zviri pamutemo semutungamiri weLibyan Revolution.
Zvirongwa zveGaddafi mushure mekuuya musimba makanga mune akawanda mapoinzi. Iye murume aida kubatana neLibya nedzimwe nyika dzechiArab, uye muna 1972 akadana vanhu vechiMuslim kuti vabate neUK neUnited States nekuda kwesununguko yePalestine yePalestine. Akatumira vake vabatsiri kuti vakwanise kubatsirwa kweUganda pakupera kwe1970s neIraq neIraq uye vakatopomerwa mhosva yekuronga kuronga musoro weSudan Jafar Mohammed Sam
Pasinei neizvi, mumwe murume akatanga kuumbwa kwenhengo dzakasarudzika, ane nhengo dzadzo dzichadzosera pfungwa dzine nharo mune zvematongerwo enyika nenzira ine rugare. Muna 1970, muamar akadaidza kuti Chelny Sangano reAfrican Union kuti vasiye hukama nalsraeri rakatanga.
Nyika zhinji dzechiArabhu, dzichiratidzira Israeri, dzakasimudza mitengo yemafuta, uye yakazivisa ambotoko pakugoverwa kwemafuta muUnited States uye dzimwe nyika dzakatsigirwa naIsraeri.
Zvese izvi zvine chekuita nemhando yekune dzimwe nyika. Nekurekwa kweGaddafi kusimba mukati menyika, zviitiko zvakakosha zvakaitikawo. Paive paine avo vakaedza kuita coup, nekuda kwekuti aicheya kugadzira mapoka anopikisa nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Mukuwedzera, vashandi uye mudzidzi anorova zvaive zvisingaite kuti Mutemo, kudzora kwakasimba kwakaunzwa zvakare pamusoro penhau.
Nekudaro, kwaive nekupokana mune zviito zveGaddafi. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nenyaya yacho apo murume airatidza kudzikisira kuvanzika kwakagumiswa mumajeri. Akayera muBulldozer akatyora musuwo wejere uye akasunungura mazana mana evasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika pane kuda.
Mumakore ebhodhi, muamar akaita mupiro wakakosha kune kuumbwa kweRepublic. Kana chete 27% yehuwandu hwaive nehunyanzvi, saka mushure mekushandurwa kweLibya uye kugadzira marera mazhinji, nzvimbo dzemitambo uye dzidzo dzedzidzo, iyi nhamba inosvika pa15%.
Nekudaro, hazvisi zvese zvaive zvakanaka kwazvo muLibya. Munguva yekutonga kweGaddafi, republica racho aifanira kutsungirira kukakavara naChidhori, mubvudzi reAmerica, umo mwanasikana wekurera weMuammar, anobva kuChindu yekuchengetedza ndege yendege uye mamwe matambudziko. Nhamo huru kune vagari vazhinji veLibhiya ndiko kuuraya kwemutungamiriri wavo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muamar kaviri akaroora. Mukadzi wake wekutanga mwanasikana weMukuru, akashanda semudzidzisi kuchikoro, muna 1970 akabereka mwanakomana. Nekudaro, murume uyu haana kushanda nehupenyu hwake, uye vechidiki vakarambana. Mukadzi anotevera weanodzosera zvekare aive safia forokash, uyo akamupa vana vanomwe. Vakarerawo mwanakomana maviri akakurudzira nemwanasikana. Mumwe nemumwe wevana vawana kubudirira muhupenyu.
Semuenzaniso, mwanakomana wechitatu mutambi wenhau wenhau, ane musoro weColonel kuhondo yeLibyan. Mwanakomana wechishanu ndiye zvakare mukuru wehondo yeLibhiya, uye mwanasikana chete ndiye akave munhu akavezwa, sechikamu cheboka rakarongeka, iye musikana akadzivirira Hussein, uyo panguva iyoyo aive mutungamiri weIraq uye akaparadzwa.
Kuwedzera kune iro bhuku rakasvibira, chifukidziro chacho chakabatikana nepikicha kana mufananidzo weanoshandura (zvichienderana nemuparidzi), nekuda kwehupenyu hwake hwese, muamar akanyora mamwe mabasa mazhinji. Pakati pavo ndehenyaya "ndedzipi kutizira kugehena", "pasi", "guta" nevamwe. Ndangariro dzemurume dzakaratidzirwa muinema, mafirimu "asina kupfeka pistol", "kudzvinyirira" uye zvimwe zvakati wandei zvakabviswa.
Rufu
Rufu rusati rwasvika kuMumar Gaddafi, panguva kubva muna 1975 kusvika 1998 akaedzwa kanomwe.
Munguva yechando, 2010-2011, hondo yevagari vemo yakaitika muLiya, vanhu vakada kuti Gaddafi angadai akabva pasimba uye akasiya nyika. Musi waGumiguru 20, 2011, iyo yakarongeka nzvimbo yakarongeka yakamonera madhimoni uye yakatorwa muamar. Vanhu vakomberedza murume uyu, vakapfurwa mudenga uye vakaraira michina pairi.
Mumaminetsi ekupedzisira ehupenyu, akadana vapanduki kuti vadhonze, asi hazvina kubatsira. Chikonzero chekufa kwemutungamiri weLibyan Mutungamiriri weLibyad, Samosud, akadzidziswa nemakomputa ake. Uyezve, mwanakomana waGadhafi akatapwa, akaurayiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuzivikanwa. Muviri wevose zvakaiswa mumafiridhi mafiriji uye isa munhu wese kuti aongorore mumamiriro ekutenga zvisizvo. Uye mambakwedza, varume vavigwa muRwizi rweRibhiya.
Mubairo
- 1978 - Sofia Kukudza Medal (muna 2007 Yakanyimwa Mubairo)
- 2003 - Kurongeka kwe Prince Yaroslav Cho know i degree
- 2008 - Kurongeka kweBogdan Khmelnitsky i degree
- 2009 - kurongeka kweanodiridza