Biography
Kwetsika yeBashkiria, iyo mufananidzo weAlat Yulaeva ndeye yakafanana neyenyessia - iyo nhamba yeIlya muromanets. Mujaho wemelyan pugacheva, jaya, rakaburitswa mumabhuku ehondo dzake mumakore makumi maviri, akava chete nhoroondo, asi zvakare ngano. Kunyangwe iyo Batyr uye mudetembi akarwira kweanoshaikwa makore maviri uye akasangana nerufu kuKatoru, pasina iye, tsika yeBashkir yaizotaridzika zvakasiyana.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iko hakuna rondedzero chaiyo data pane yekutanga biography yealat yulaeva. Zuva rekuzvarwa pana June 16, 1754 rakasimbiswa kubva pamashoko ake oga pakabvunzurudzwa: Muzana ramakore 17, Pugachev, mudziyo weSenate weSeneti akazivisa kuti aive nemakore makumi maviri nemasere. Semwedzi uye zuva rakazotanga kushandisa pakati pegore. Iyo ramangwana rakakurumbira gamba rakazvarwa mumusha weTekeyevo Shaitan-Kudevskaya Dunhu reOrenburg Province. Iye zvino pekugara haipo - musha wakaparadzwa mauto eHurumende kana uchidzvinyirira panchaper kusimuka.
Salastat yakauya kubva kumhuri inoremekedzwa: Baba vake vakashumira nemukuru wezana muuto reRussia, gare gare vakagadzwa kuva mukuru volo. Yulay aznalin aive musoja akanaka uye panguva yePoland mushandirapamwe wevatsigiri veConderenteceration yeBark akagamuchira bhanza diki semba. Gare gare, muna 1773, murume akatumira mureza weawalat, uyo musipo wevababa vake akamutsiva semusoro wemukuru.
Yulay Aznalin aive kuverenga kuverenga, asi Mwanakomana wake akapa mukana wekudzidza. Hazvina kuzivikanwa chaizvo kuti uye sei SALAat Zvisinei, jaya racho rakadzidziswa kuverenga nekunyora, aiziva rurimi rweTurks, uye iye aisanzwa nematambudziko eRussia. Kubva kuna Baba, jaya rakanyura kushuva kururamisira uye kuda nyika yake nyika nevanhu vake. Pashure pacho, yaive chaizvo jaya riri kudivi revapanduki uye vakasarudza kufungidzira kwake.
Hondo yeNyika uye Simuka
Pollyan Pugache akasimudza mhirizhonga uye akatanga hondo inotungamirwa, vatsigiri vake vakatungamira mishandirapamwe mumauto eBhashkir. Semhedzisiro, musi waNovember 10, 1773, Salavat Yulaev, pamwe chete nekuparadzwa kwe12,200, havana kupokana nemauto ezvemitemo "Peter III", ndokuenda kumberi kwake. Baba vedzakanaka gamba vakaita.Jaya rakatenda pamusoro pechokwadi cheumambo hwekutanga kwePugachev uye nezve "zvirevo zvake", zvichienderana neBhashkiramu akanyunyuta pamusoro pekugara maererano nerutendo rwechiIslam. Munguva yekubvunzurudzwa, Salavat akati runyerekupe rwakange rwasvika pakutsveneswa kwe "Changamire", asi Mupanduki haana kuzvitenda.
Kubva pakati paNovember kusvika pakati paDecember, pamwe chete nevamwe vapanduki, murume wechidiki aipinda muhondo, panguva yaakakuvadzwa uye akazviratidza murwi wakashinga: Pugachev akamuburitsa muChin Colonel. Mwedzi uri muBerd Center yaive yeSala wavat uye neyorema yechikoro: Akagamuchira ruzivo rwekurwa uye nzwisiso yekupedzisira, nei vanhu vacho vachida izvi kusimuka.
Kubva munaDecember 1773 kusvika Ndira 1774, Salavat yaive kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweBhashkiria, kwaakange atove mauto emauto ePugachev. Akaunganidza zvinyorwa zvisere mazana masere, uye kubviswa kwacho kwakapindirwa kuBhashkir, kukanganisa, Kuvaashi, tatard dzakarwa mumitsara yevapanduki. Nekufamba kwenguva, vazhinji uye vazhinji vapanduki vanobva kuBashkir ndima dzakabatana nevanhu varo. Pakazosvika March, jaya, iro risati ratyora gumi nevaviri vevatariri, vakava murume akakura Warlord.
Muna Ndira, mauto ePugachem ari pasi peyakagadziriswa yealat Yullika Kurur - Kuedza Kukurukurirana zvine rugare kune zviremera kwakundikana, uye zvakasarudzwa kutora nzvimbo yekutonga yeWestern Urals nechisimba. Nekudaro, budiriro yemupanduki haina kuzadzisa: Vatungamiriri vakashaiwa ruzivo rwehondo, uye kubva pamaonero emauto emauto emauto ePugachev aive asina kusimba. Raleatast muhondo yakagamuchira kukuvara kwakaoma, asi munaFebruary akadzokera kuEperation uye akaramba achirwa nemauto aAlexei obernibiov naAlexey Papava.
Kudzokera kuBhashkiriya, mutungamiri wemauto wechidiki akatora kusakwana kweuto rehondo yeuto reEmlyan pugachev, raive richienda kune imwe nzvimbo yemagineti. Vabati veAkatast yaro yatove vanhu vangangoita zviuru zvina panguva ino, uye mumusoro weboka iri, murume wechidiki akashomeka akapikisa muridzo weColonel Ivan Mikhemelson. Muna May, vanopikisa vakasangana katatu muhondo, uye mauto ehondo vane ruzivo vakabvuma kuti mauto evavengi akagadzirira zvakakwana, uye mutungamiriri wavo akasvika kuve munhu ane hunyanzvi warles.
Muna June 1774, kubatana kwealaatt kwakabatanidzwa mauto ePugachev, uye vapanduki vakarwa nevanhu Michelson. Lieutenant Colonel akaziviswa gare gare kuti muvengi akapunzika, asi Emelyan Ivanovich panguva yekubvunzana, vaisakwanisa kukunda mumwe nemumwe naMicericson, vachiona kuti "vakatarisa." PaJune 5, Pugachev Vakagadzwa Salavat Yulava Brigadier Mauto, uye baba vake vakava Atamani mukuru uye vakaita zviitiko zvehurumende muSiberian mugwagwa weSiberia.
Mushure mekurwa, pugachev akatamira kuKazan, uye brigadier acho achidzora mushure mekukuvara kwakanyanya, akatumirwa kuUFA Dunhu. Ikoko, Salaatat zvakare kuita kuumbwa kwemauto, uye zvakare vakatora kutonga pamusoro peiyo inodhura pakati peJeratherinburg uye UFA - yaive nzvimbo yakakosha. MunaAugust, mauto ehondo yeBrigadier Pugache akatamira kuUFA, zvisinei, kunyange airwadziswa zvakajeka, zvaisakwanisa kutora guta - iuto reHurumende rakazova nyanzvi kupfuura dziva.
Pakati paSeptember, boka revapanduki rakava rakaipa - mauto ePugachem akarova, Emelyan pachavo akabata, uye kubviswa kwaIvan Karpovich Ryleyev akatumirwa kuBhashkir kubva kuUFA. Lieutenant Colonel yeRyleev kaviri muuto re salavat, asi mushure mekuparadzwa kwemauto makuru, akaramba kupa.
Mauto ake akakwanisa kutsungirira ne bashkir brigadier uye vakasara vehondo yake chete nekupera kweAptumn: November 25, 1774 vapanduki vacho vakazoputswa muKaratau makomo. Yauvat yulaev yakabatwa, uye baba vake vakazvimirira vakaunza murume uye vakazvipira kushandira.
Zvisikwa
Vakararama vacho vaiziva Salaat yulaeva kwete chete somurwi, asiwo sedetiviser. Mabasa ake akange akazvipira kune yavo nyika, vanhu, chitendero uye kutenda - zvese izvo zvaive zvisingaite zvehupenyu. Kusvikira mazuva edu, iyo yechokwadi basa re salavat haina kuuya. Hazvibviri kutaura nekunyatsojeka kuti mitsara yanhasi inomudaidza kuti ndima, kutaura chokwadi yakanyorwa kusvika kuSalarat Yulaev, uye haisi chikamu cheBashkir folk nhetembo. Nekudaro, iye amene akava nhetembo - iyo chifananidzo cheBatyr salauate yakava chinhu chakakosha cheiyo yemuromo uye yakanyorwa samples dzeBashkir Creation.
Hupenyu Hwako
Sekureva kweZvinyorwa, Aleatvat vaive nemadzimai matatu, uye kuroora mumwe chete kwaive kwakaipererwa - murume wake uye nevana vake vakagara nhaka yechiitiko kubva munun'una wake. Vana vepugachem pamusoro vaive vaviri vaviri. Mazita chaiwo easalat haazivikanwe, asi kune fungidziro iyo yainzi Amina, Zulech uye Buranbic.
Mune ngano pamusoro pehupenyu hwepachena hwedetembi, muRussia anodikanwa ekaterina Mikhailovna dzimwe nguva akataura, akabereka Sakona mwanakomana. Iko hakuna chiratidzo chegwaro. Zvichida zano racho rakagadzirwa kuti risimbise huwandu hwakaenzana hwegamba kune nyika dzese.
Chii chakaitika kumhuri yesaivati mushure mekusungwa uye kutongwa kweRoseman, hazvizivikanwe. Kunyangwe zvisati zvaitika, vakadzi vake nevana vakabatwa hapwa uye vakaunza kuna UFA, asi mamwe maitiro avo haana kutaurwa chero kupi.
Chimwe chakavanzika chealastat yulaeva ndiko kutaridzika kwake. Kupanduka kwakaramba kuchiratidzwa pazviratidzo, asi iwo muchero wevanhu vanofungidzira. Ruzivo rwese nezve kuti bashkir pugache's bashkir rutsigiro rwakataridzika, rwunorimo mune yeWOFI Provincial Profinciale kuKatoru. Sekureva kwaHa, Salaat Yulaev 21 makore aive avhareji yemakore iwayo ekukura - anenge masendimita gumi nematanhatu, aive nemaziso akasviba nebvudzi, mhino dzakabvaruka uye vanga kuruboshwe padama rekuruboshwe.
Katoru uye Rufu
Mushure mekuferefetwa kwemazuva mazhinji, Chikunguru 15, 1775, Salaat Yulaev naYulay Aznalin vakatongerwa kurohwa nemuviri uye kusingaperi Catherga. Baba nemwanakomana vakagamuchira 175 Shots vachipfuura. Ichi chikamu chechirango chakakamurwa: Varume vakagamuchira kurohwa makumi maviri neshanu pakugadziriswa kwega kwega uko kurwa kwakaitwa. Mushure meizvozvo, Saliatu naJulia vakabvuta mhino uye vakaiswa mhino, vachiisa zviratidzo mumhando yetsamba "," uye "uye" uye ","
Asati atumira kuKatoru, zvakazoitika kuti muurayi weMatiriya weSusyn akashanda zvisina kunaka: Vese vanopara matanda emhino, uye yella yakanga iine hushamwari husina kukwana. Samulova akarangwa, uye mhino dzinonakidza dzakaratidzwa nezvakaratidzwa nezvakaratidzwa, zviwi zvinorumbidzwa uye chete mushure mekunge vakatumirwa kuKatorga, kune iyo Baltic Fortress Rogervik.
Dhata pane kuti Salatat Yulaev aishandira mutsara, haaiti. Maererano nerondedzero yezvikombori zvaMay 19, 1797, inozivikanwa kuti Julay Aznalin aive mumamiriro ezvinhu akakomba nekuda kwezera uye zing, uye makore makumi mana nemashanu anodyara aive nehutano hwakanaka. Zvakangodaro, Nyamavhuvhu 26, 1800, Salastat Yulaev akafa. Chikonzero cherufu chinoramba chisingazivikanwe.
Ndangariro
- Opera "Salastat Yulaev"
- Ballet "Gomo Eagle"
- Firimu "Salastat Yulaev"
- Chamambo-bhasitu yekubatwa mhangura muPaldiski, Estonia
- Chiment to salatu yulaev mu ufa, Russia
- Museum of Salastat Yulaeva muguta reSalavatsky Dunhu reBashkortostan