Dzimwe nguva kune mitsetse yakatetepa yechiedza, inokurumidza kunyangarika uye ichisiya mushure mavo inodzivirira inonakidza. Vanhu vanovadaidza kuti vachidonha nyeredzi. Muchokwadi, izvi ndezvevamwe meteors, dzinosvika dzevamaki kana mafungu, kupisa pamusuwo wemamiriro epasi. Asi zvinoitika kuti muviri we cosmic unogona kukunda pasi gasi soll uye usvike pamusoro wepasi, kukuvadza zvakanyanya nharaunda, "meteusian yeTunusian yave mueni asina kufanira pakutanga kwezana remakore rekupedzisira.
Nezvekuti papi uye kana mushanyi asingatarisirwi kubva kuCosmos iri kure akawira pasi, pamwe nezvokori dzinonakidza uye dzidziso, dzakabatana nazvo - mune zvinhu 24cm.
Rini uye kupi metussian meteorite yakawa
Ndeapi maburi matema? Nyeredzi dzekare uye dzinotevera
Humambo hweRussia, uyo asati aripo panguva yechiitiko, dziva rerwizi rweRwizi rweTununguska kumabvazuva kweSiberia - Yakanga iripo mumusoro weTungamsiya uye akawira muna 1908, musi waJune 30 panguva dzinenge dzegumi nomwe mangwanani.
Chiitiko ichi chakaperekedzwa nemwenje yakasimba yechiedza. Casual phenomenon Zvapupu zvakaona shanduko mumuvara wemotokari yakatsvuka pamusoro pedenga - yakave yakatsvuka, saka yero, saka varungu. Uye vanhu vaive mune radius yemudziyo wakatsamwa vakaedzwa nekupisa kusingabatwe, kwakafanana nezvinoita zvinonzwika kana zviri mukati mekuvhunduka kwemoto wakavhurika.
Hunhu chinhu
Chinhu chinopenya chinopenya chechiteshi chechigaro chechikepe chechikepe, zviyero zvacho zvainge zvisina kutsanangurwa, zvakapinda mumamiriro epasi epasi. Mukufananidzirwa neizvi, kurira kwakanzwika, kwakafanana nehombodo yekutinhira. Maererano neIvan Murzinov, nhengo yeChikoro cheCosmonUtics. K. E. Tsiolkovsky, muviri wechiwedzera aive metheka meteorite, kubhururuka nekumhanya kweanenge makumi maviri em km / s uye kuputika nekukwezva kukwirisa kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu kubva pasi.Mhedzisiro
Mushure mekuputika kweMeteorite uye kuputika kwaimutevera, uko kwakaitika pamusoro peDunhu reTaiga, maive nemanzwi anosvinwa - mimwe mikoni yekuputika Pfungwa dzakasiyana dzepasi. Simba rekuputika raive rakaenzana ne15-4 mt mune tnt yakaenzana, iyo yakafanana neiyo simba chiratidzo kubva paavhareji hydrogen bhomba.
Taiga Masango Miti akaitwa nemidzi - mufananidzo wakadaro wakaonekwa munharaunda yeanopfuura zviuru 2000 2. Kutevera izvi, moto wakakura wakatanga, uye semhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwekuputika kwemisha mudzimba, izvo zvaive mazana emakiromita kubva kune epicenter yekuputika, akagogodza girazi. Mazuva mashoma anotevera, kutanga neCentralia Siberia uye achipera neAtlantic, usiku mudenga, zviyero zvakajeka zvakachengetwa kupfuura vhiki rinotevera, kupera chete pakupera kwezhizha.
Nyaya Yekudzidza
Zuva rekutanga kurondedzerwa kwezviitiko zvenguva iyoyo rinoonekwa seChikunguru 15, 1908, padzinofunga kune tunus njodzi yeiyo S. chiless yakaoneka mupepanhau reSiberia. Akapihwa mazuva matatu apfuura mu "Hupenyu hweSiberia" chinyorwa chemufambi uye Etholication Alexander awingsouva aive akavakirwa pane mamwe madhigirii uye aisakwanisa kuzvirumbidza. Chero zvazvingaitika, kushanduka kwekutsvagisa kwakatanga makore mashoma mushure mekudonha kweMeteorite, kuma1920s, asi maitiro akafamba zvakanyanya zvishoma nezvishoma.Semuenzaniso, iyo Expedition 1921-1922. Chete chiverengero chitsva chevaridzi vemuno chakawanikwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zviitike zvakanyatsonzwisisa kuti ndeipi nzvimbo yekutandarira kwemuviri wemuviri, apo pakanga pasina mubvunzo nezve chokwadi chekuputika. Vakaona zvakare chimiro chinoshamisa chinoratidzwa mumugodhi wesango - vachiri pakati pemiti yakaramba ichimira, vachirasikirwa nebazi nematavi.
Ruzivo rune chinangwa rwakaonekwa muna 1927: Boka revatsvagiri harina kuwana chinhu kubva kune iyo metoorite yaifanira kunge yakaitwa meteorite, asi yakawanikwa miti yerudzi uye maginiti mabhora. Mukuwedzera, zvaiita kuti ugadzire zvinhu zvinowanikwa pasi pano, pamwe uchisvika kubva munzvimbo.
Pasinei nekusavapo kwekunyanyisa, iyo Soviet mineralogue Leonid Kulik akaomerera kune iyo meteoric yakabva chinhu chekunze. Nekudaro, zvakazotevera pfungwa yeiyo ndima kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yemuviri wakasimba weCosmic, waunofarira sarudzo nezvekupatsanurwa kwayo kuita zvikamu zvidiki.
Hypothesis
Kune akawanda hypotheses nezve chimiro chechiratidzo chemuviri weTungamic Cosmic, asi hapana mafungiro asina kakawanda kuti masayendisiti aizoomerera.
Izvi zvinotevera huwandu hweshanduro dzinoitika dzechiitiko, zvinobva munzvimbo dzesainzi uye mumunda wenhema.
- Vazivi venzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana vanotenda kuti comet yakanga ichisungirwa kupararira mumamiriro ekunze epasi, nekuda kwekuti ndewekuchashandiswa kubva pamabwe anokwanisa kushandiswa mu tunsch meteorite. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti chinhu chechinhu chechinhu chakasiyana uye chakaitwa nerukova rwemhepo.
- Muma1940, munyori wezvekunyangadza kuverenga Alexander eAlexander Kazants Sekureva kwenhoroondo yemunyori, iyo Tungusian phenomenon chiratidzo chekushanya kwevamiriri vemugove wezvehukama kusvika muchikepe kuenda kuchikepe pasi, asi vanobatwa nenjodzi pane imwe nhanho yekudyara.
- Muna 1965, masayendisiti anobva kuUnited States of America muviri weTunusse weTunussse wacho unosanganisira Antimatter, iyo, mukubata nemhepo yepasi, yakaitwa nekupararira. Zvakasanganiswa pamwe chete uye kuva simba rimwe chete, ivo havana kusiya chero chinotevera chinooneka.
- Imwe yeiyo inoshamisa hypototheses ndeye nikola tesla yakaita chimwe chidzidzo, munzira yaakafunga kutumira iyo simba reSibu kuSiberia, kusarudza dunhu rekuedza nekuda kwekunetseka. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti musayendisiti paVhidhiyo emabhuku akakodzera muraibhurari. Zvakare pane kadhi rakaturikwa muhofisi yemugadziri, mamakisi akazoratidzwa munzvimbo idzo nzvimbo iyo tungusian phenomenon yakaonekwa.
Mafirimu, nziyo, mabhuku nezve tunussian meteorite
Zviitiko zvine chekuita nekudonha kwekutanga mune tunus cosmic chinhu, chakabuda kunze kwenzvimbo yesainzi, asiwo tsika dzetsika. Muzvinyorwa zvavo zvekuverenga, zviitiko zvenguva iyoyo zvairatidza vanyori Manuel Semenev naAlexander Kazantsv.
Kuzivikanwa kwakanyanya kuhama dzeArcadia uye hama dzeArcadia uye boris strughugatsky hama, dzakakurudzirwa navo mune nyaya "Muvhuro unotanga nemugovera". Pane kutaura nezve spacecraft yakabva kune imwe nzvimbo iyo nguva yekubuda kunoyerera kune rimwe divi, ndiko kuti, miseve yemiseve yavanhu vakunda pakati pehusiku, haiuke "mangwana", asi "zuro".
Mundege yendege yemasenti, tunus phenomenon yakataurwa muNefiti Yevasina Kukodzera "Zvivande Zvivakwa". Mune episode of tunguska, inoudzwa nezvehutachiona, yakanyorwa nemasayendisiti kubva kuRussia kubva kuzvimisikidzo zvemufudzi akawa. Vamiriri veimba veComestic Cinema vakabatawo pamusoro penyaya yechinhu chechinhu chiri kutaurwa. Yuri Moroz muMoroz muMorozerry pikicha yeRwizi rweUgryum-Rwizi rwakapedza rwizi rwePlot nekudonha kweTungamssian meteorite munzvimbo yeSeria Siberia.
Vamiriri veindasitiri yemiindasitiri zvakare havana kupfuura tunus phenomenon. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe yemapepa eboka reMetalla, nyaya yacho inotsanangura kukakavara kwemakakatanwa ezvekunze kwakawanikwa pakudonha kweMeteorite, iyo inobatsira USSR kuti isimbise kutonga kwakazara pamusoro wepasi.
Vakakuvadzwa
Kuvimba nekubvumidzwa kwesainzi kubva kuUS University uye vavanoshanda navo kubva kuRussia, zvinokwanisika kuti nyaya yeTunusky yave rombo rakanaka, sezvo iyo "muenzi kubva kunzvimbo isina kujairika, kuderedza nhamba yacho yevakabatwa - mepu inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yekudonha yakadzama zvakanyanya kubva kune vangani nzvimbo dzekugara.
Vaongorori vaitarisira ongororo yakakura pakati pezvakaona zviitiko izvozvo - vaisanganisira vangangosvika zviuru zviviri zvechikepe. Izvo zvaigoneka kumisikidza kuti panguva yekuputika munzvimbo yekukundwa, vanhu makumi matatu chete vakawanikwa. Vazhinji vakapera simba uye vakawana kukuvara kwakakura, vanozivikanwa vangangoita vatatu vatatu vakafa.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekudonha pamepu yenyika
Pakati pekudonha kweTunus meteorite, pane zviitiko zviviri.
- Brazil tunska. MunaAugust 1930, zuva ravaka rakatsvuka, rakatanga kunayisa mvura mumadota, uye nyika yakanzwika ichitevera, nyika yakadedera. Ruzha rukuru rwakapararira kusvika kumakoni ane makore makumi maviri nemana kubva kumhirizhonga, ivo vakanzwika mumaguta eEnetlay neAsalaya-ita Northy. Vagari venzvimbo iyi vakanzwisisa zvese zvakaitika semauto ekurovedza kwemauto - chete mushure memazuva mashanu ivo vakadzidza kubva kumishinari weFedhele d'Fedoro pane meteorites uye kuti avo vanowira pasi.
- Mota yaVitim. MunaSeptember 2002, pedyo nemusha weMom Mom Irkutsk Dunhu, Zviono Zvacho akacherekedza mota inopenya, phenomenon yaive inoperekedzwa nematambudziko akanyanya uye kupenya. Zvinoenderana nekufunga zviono, muviri wacho waive wakafanana nemwedzi unoonekwa, uye kupenya kwaro kwenguva refu kuvhenekerwa iyo Thaia Sango. Pane ndima iyo nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo iyo nzvimbo yakaumbwa, mamiriro ezvinhu akaumbwa, pane chidiki chidiki, chiitiko chinodzokororwa muPodcast Tunsky dziva.
Mhosva dzekufamba kwemitumbi ye cosmic kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze epasi haina kuroorwa. Neraki, panguva yekuvapo kwevanhu, urwu rudzi rwezviitiko haruna kutungamira kumhirizhonga yepasi rose. Panguva imwecheteyo, meteussian meteorite, pamwe nemienzaniso yakafanomufanana, ratidza: Vanhu vanofanirwa kugara vakasvinura, uye masayendisiti anoteedzera nzvimbo iri pedyo kuti kana paine yekukurumidzira kuti ive nenguva yekukudziridza chirongwa dzivirira kutyisidzira kwekunze.