Biography
Mikhail Chekhov - Russian Actor, Director nemudzidzisi wemitambo. Iyo yekugadzira nhamba, yakashanda pane stanislavsky system uye yakagadzira nzira yemunyori. Mukuzvirangarira pachavo, muimbi uye director akasara mifananidzo yakawanda mumitemo uye nematombo emapirita, mabhuku nezvinyorwa nezveizvozvo zvebasa rekuita. Chkokhovi ishamwari yevaivapo veMkhat, avo vakakwanisa kuwana mukurumbira muEurope neUnited States. Akaisa zviitiko pane nzvimbo dzekunze dzakasarudzika, dzikaterwa uye kutungamira masmenyuars kune ramangwana artists.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mikhail AlexandRovich Chekhov ndiye muzukuru weiyo akakurumbira mutambi Anton Chekhov. Baba vemukomana, kuhama yake, vakaedza mumabhuku. Muna 1888, Alexander Chekhov akazova murume akafirwa uye mushure megore rairo raakaroora hutongi hwaishanda nevana vake. Iye akamupa nomwanakomana waMikhail.
Mukomana akaberekwa 17 (29) Nyamavhuvhu 1891 muSt. Petersburg uye kubva paudiki airatidza maitiro ekusika. Vabereki vakazviona, uye Baba vake vaitenda kuti mugomo wake waizokura nemutambi ane tarenda. Akanaka Misha Putal yehunyanzvi hunoshamisa. Muna 1907, akazova mudzidzi wechikoro chemitambo muzvinyorwa uye art nzanga. Dutu rezvidheni rakaitika mukati mechimiro cheAmateur zvigadzirwa.
Vadzidzisi vakacherekedza kuti Misha akabudirira kwazvo muzvifananidzo uye anokwanisa kuwedzera hunhu. Kuve nekudzidziswa kwapera, jaya racho rakava nhengo yeTrope yeiyo Suvorin Theatre, iyo yakashanda hafu yegore. Muna 1912, munhu waunoziva naKonsterin Stanislavsky, Mikhail akagamuchira kokero yekubatana neiyo MHT.
Theatre uye mafirimu
Gamba rekutanga muMoscow Art Theatre forater yeChkhov yakave Vaska kubva kuIVAN TURNEV. Iyo novice artist yaifara kuoneka netarisiro. Ipapo zvakazozivikanwa nezve kuvhurwa kwe studio pa mht. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, Mikhail aipinda mune chikuru mune chaunga, uye mumabasa makuru, uye mune studio pasi pehutungamiri hweEvgeny vakhtangov uye Leopold Solerzhitsky.Muna 1913, muimbi akatanga akazova pamberi peiyo lens mukamuri yefirimu, vachiita muchimiro cheMikhail Romanov mufirimu "kutevedzera katatu kweimba yeRomov". Kutevera iyi firimu ine nyeredzi mumapikicha mashanu akanyarara. Mukufanana, akaenda kuStembente yeArtirti ari mumufananidzo wemufananidzo weFreeibe kubva kuTamba "Nyika yeHoliday", akatamba Epodova mu "Cherry Bindu" kuumbwa kweiyo huru mamiriro eiyo yemitambo. Mumakore maviri anotevera, mutambi aiwanzobatanidzwa mumitambo yakarongedzwa ne stanislavsky.
Ma1910 akauya nebasa reMufirimu "Kuvhiya" uye "Cricket". Akabatanidzawo pachiitiko chegayo kubva mumitambo "mafashama" akafamba mu studio. Stanislavsky akakoka chekhovov yekutamba trepleva mu "seagull" muna 1916, asi muimbi akakundikana, kuwedzera kwekushungurudzika kwakakurudzirwa. Iyo yakaoma yepfungwa mamiriro emunhu akasika aive asiri nyore kutsanangura. Uye zvakare, panguva ino, hama, ine mikhail yemvura yainetseka uye akafunga kusiya basa.
Chkov akashanda serongwa hwekuita kuvepo, iro rakaparidzira mune yake studio, yakavakirwa muna 1918 mufurati rake. Stanislavsky pachezvake akakurudzira aya makirasi. Mutambi akapa zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka umo kuongororwa kwenzira yekuzivikanwa. Musiki weMkhat akadzidzira Malvolio mukuumbwa kwe "husiku gumi nemaviri" uye akaridza hunhu hukuru muEric xiv. Mukufanana, Mikhail akadzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuita.
Chekhov aibatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwe stanislavsky "Auditor". Ake xles aive ainyanya kufunga nezve vatsoropodzi. Vatambi vakadzingirira manhamba okusika eRussia neEurope, mushure mekushanyira vashanyi veLithuania, Estonia, Slovenia neCzech Republic.
Muna 1922, akasimuka pakunetseka kwekutanga Mhat studio, iro raive gore rakatevera raive nemakore gumi. Muimbi akadzidziswa Hamlet. Iyo yekutanga yakagashira ongororo yekuongorora, asi panguva yekunyorwa kweChkhov's Merit zvaive pachena. Akava muimbi wakakodzera wezvidzidzo zvedzidzo. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, Studio yekutanga yakatumidzwa wechipiri.
Muna 1926, Studio yaive nekuparadzaniswa. Chkov akaramba kusvetuka Alexander Ostrovsky pachidimbu che "mhumhi uye makwai" mukuumbwa kweAlexei mhuka yemusango. Anatoly lunacharsky inopindira. Iyo trouppe yaisada kushanda nemusango, uye chibvumirano naye hachina kumbofunga kuwedzera. Chinzvimbo chakaomarara chaive chipinganidzo kune rwendo rwekushanya kuUnited States, izvo zvakarongeka stanislavsky. Nekuda kweizvozvo mafambiro, Mikhail Chekhov akazova iye ega extutant ye studio pachikumbiro chezvipindwa zvinodhaka.
Kuva iye musoro, haana kuramba zviitiko zvehunyanzvi uye akaramba achirwa. Muna 1927, iyo yekutanga yefirimu "murume kubva muresitorendi", iyo inoonekwa zvakanyanya zvakanyanya munzvimbo yemhando yemurume.
Kuongorora iyo Stanislavsky nzira, muna 1928 Chikhov akasunungura bhuku "Nzira yeMutambi". Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, isina kupera simba dzekuda kwakatonga mumu Africa, akafunga kumusiya, asi musangano wakaramba. Mutambi wacho akatora zororo diki kuhutano hwakakwana, uye iye amene akabvuma kupfura kuTroika tepi yemutungamiriri weGerman weMax reinhardt.
Akatambawo mu "artists". Ipapo akatevera basa mumafirimu "benzi nekuda kwerudo", "mweya womufaro", "muimbi wekusuwa kwake". Semudimire, akaisa "husiku hwegumi nemaviri" uye "Gabima", kuwana kunze kwenyika semitambo yemitambo.
Vaimbi vakashanda kunze kwenyika, vakaronga kuvhura kwechikoro ichi muFrance uye vakasika nzanga yeshamwari dzeTheethere dzeTheeth muParis, rorenda kamuri yekuita. Vakawana vatengesi vanotsigira chirongwa chake zvemari, asi zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvaiita kunge zvisingaguti zvisina kugutsikana. Akatanga kutaurirana kushandira pamwe neRiga Theatre yemutambo weRussia, kwaaiendesa mitambo yakati wandei.
Mikhail Chekhov akashanda zvakanyanya muLatvia - Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania uye akaronga masisitiri, achitsanangura vatambi ve stanislavsky nzira. Akataurawo nezvechiratidzo chake chekusika chiripo pachiitiko ichi. Muna 1935, Theatre Theatre Mukutungamirwa kwake akapa kushanya kuUnited States.
Mushandi weMitambo Wakatambira Kukoka Kubatana Kubatana kubva kuChirungu Studio Dartanton Hall uye akashanda ikoko kubva 1936 kusvika 1936 kusvika 1938. Nzvimbo isingaenzaniswi muEurope mufungidziro yehondo yakamanikidza mutambi mukambani yevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana kubva ku studio yake kuti vatamire kuUnited States. Ikoko, kusiri kure neNew York, akatora director, akaisa mutambo waWilliam Shakespeare.
Muhondo yehondo, Chekhov yakamiswa basa rekutanga uye akatendeukira kuinema, aine nyeredzi mumababvu "rwiyo nezveRussia" uye "munguva yedu." Muna 1945, pikicha yekutanga "ye" pikicha "yakagumisa, nekuti ndeipi mhizha yakagamuchira single yeOscar. Yakateverwa neTape "Ghost Rosa", "Kupika!" nevamwe.
Pakati peino nguva, Chokov akatarisa zvakanyanya kuna pedagogy. Akasunungura bhuku "pane actor maitiro", ayo akarondedzera chiratidzo chake chekuvapo pane nhanho. Aifarira vatambi, pakati pavo naMarilyn Monroe. Director ndiye aive munyori wezviitiko zvemubhadharo mutariri wemitambo muHollywood.
Matambudziko ehutano akamanikidza director kuti asiye director uye isa pfungwa pa pedagogy. Achitaura nezvechikoro chake pachake, akavaka munzira ye stanislavsky, chekhov akawana mukurumbira kubva kune vatambi vekunze. Chokwadi chinonakidza: Studio yemudyire akapesvedzera zvakanyanya masisitimu ekuita europe.
Akatarisa pakuumbwa kwemuridzi weSpectoro, psychotecomic yeiyo mutambi uye kuvapo kwayo. Kusikwa kwaChova kwaakagamuchira chiyero chepamusoro muHollywood, uye mari yacho yaishamisa kwazvo. Chikonzero cheizvi chakange chakuvadzwa uye muchokwadi kuti aive pakati pevateveri veStanislavsky, uyo akakwanisa kushanda naTenzi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mikhail Chekhov Kutanga Kuroora muna 1914. Vake vakasarudzwa vaive Olga chekhov, inozivikanwa munzvimbo dzakatenderedza pasi peZita rekutanga rebhuku. Akawedzera wechipiri mushure mekuroora. Musikana akaverengera kuti muzukuru weAntea mukadzi waAntea.
Uye mukuwedzera mukunda waOlga, pakanga pasina vana vanobva kumukadzi. Kufanana nevabereki, musikana akatora chiitiko chekugadzira, achiva mutambi. Hupenyu hwega nehupenyu hwaOolga hazvina kushanda, uye Mikhal akasiya mukadzi wake muna 1917.
Kechipiri murume uyu akasanganiswa nemuchato naKsenia Tsiller, chiGerman nekubva.
Rufu
Theatrical nhamba yakafa muna 1955. Chikonzero cherufu chaive chirevo chemocardial infantion. Panguva ino, Mikhail Chekhov aigara muUnited States, saka mariro uye mariro uye kuviga kwerurn neguruva rakapfuura muLos Angeles. Guva rake riri pamakuva wechiChirangaridzo.Maitiro ekugadzira uye zvaakabudirira Mikhail Chekhov zvaive zvisina kukodzera kukanganwa imba. KWEMAKAKURI wake, akakwidza kuma1980. Tsika yaChkhov yakazivikanwa, uye vatambi vakakurumidza kurangana pane imwe nhare nenzira yeStanislavsky. Mufananidzo chekih, pamwe nemafirimu nekutora chikamu chake, anogona kuwanikwa paInternet.
Filmography
- 1913 - "Kutonga kwanhengo mazana matatu eimba yaRoov"
- 1914 - "Kana tambo dzemwoyo dzinonzwika"
- 1915 - "Cricket pane chira"
- 1915 - "Kushamisika Kabhanhiti"
- 1916 - "Rudo runoshamisira pasina"
- 1927 - "Munhu anobva kumaresitorendi"
- 1929 - "Zvikomo Zvemufaro"
- 1929 - "Jester Rerudo Rwake"
- 1930 - Troika
- 1944 - "Rwiyo rweRussia"
- 1944 - "Mazuva ano"
- 1945 - "Kumirira"
- 1946 - "Irish Rosa Ebby"
- 1948 - "Texas, Brooklyn neDenga"
- 1954 - "Rapseody"