Amateka y'inyuguti
Umusirikare udoda - Intwari yibikorwa byinshi bya satani yakozwe na Classic ya kera ya Eslav Gashekom. Amabara yanditseho amabara, inkuru zitangaje zavuzwe nimiterere, bivuze ko ibintu bitangaje bifitanye isano nubuzima bwa Repubulika ya Ceki yatangiye gutangira mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri bakoze igitabo n'umukunzi we ku basomyi benshi.Amateka yo kurema imico
Mu kunegura ubuvanganzo, ibitekerezo bitandukanye byashyizwemo niba intwari ya Hashka ifite prototype. Nk'uko umwe muri bo, ishusho y '"umusirikare w'intwari" ni rusange, byatumye ibintu biranga groteque no kwicyuma. Ubundi buryo bwo guhamagara prototype ya Emanuel baramute, imiterere yimirimo ya sariya yakozwe na Ivan Olbracht. GASHEK yari amenyereye umwanditsi wa Exous - Abanditsi hamwe bacapishijwe mu kinyamakuru ".
Muri verisiyo ya gatatu, igisirikare Josef Schweik na Františlika, babaye umusaza witwa nka prototypes yumusirikare wintwari. Hamwe na Josef, umwanditsi yahuye inshuro nyinshi imyaka myinshi - ubanza muri Repubulika ya Ceki, hanyuma mu bunyage bw'Uburusiya. Umuntu uziranye "Yatanzwe" hamwe nintwari yubuvanganzo bimwe na bimwe biranga imico no kugaragara, kandi ingenzi cyane - izina. Fruntishek, kimwe n'imiterere y'imirimo ya GASHEK, yari izwi cyane kubera umubare munini w'ubuzima uhambirwa kuri buri kibazo.
Ceki ya kera yatekereje neza kuvuga intwari. Ishusho yari "muzima" kandi ifatika iyejeje gukoresha umusirikare mu mvugo y'imvugo, amagambo atyaye, jargon n'amagambo adasanzwe. Mu nteruro Josef avuga, ibitekerezo byinshi ku bumenyi bw'ubuzima bw'Ingoma ya Otirra-Hongiriya - ubu benshi muribo bazumvikana kubasomyi badafite ibitekerezo birambuye.
Umwanditsi ntabwo atanga raporo mu nyandiko zerekeye isura yumusirikare. Ikintu gusa umusomyi kizwi nuburyo bwo mumaso ya Josef - "kuzenguruka physiognomy, bisa na kimedlik." Tekereza ishusho yuburyo busobanura inshuti ya GASHEK, umuhanzi Josef Lada. Ikiranga cyashizeho umubare munini wibishushanyo ukoresheje ibintu bya Yunganirille na Cubes kuri bo. Mu mijyi myinshi - St. Petersburg, Odessa, Lviv, Anapa - Inzobutso z'umusirikare mwiza cyane washinzwe uyu munsi.
Umwanditsi ntabwo yari afite umwanya wo kurangiza igitabo mugihe cyubuzima. Bisabwe nuwamamaza, igice cyanyuma cyizina ryanditse Ceki umwanditsi Karec Vanec. Nanone, umwanditsi yazanye gukomeza kwidagadura intwari, yerekana ibyabaye mu gitabo kivuga ku buzima bwa Yozefu mu bunyage bw'Abarusiya.
Iherezo rya Schweik Umusirikare
Ishusho yumukozi wa Ceki igaragara mu nkuru zakozwe numwanditsi mu 1911. Noneho intwari igaragara kumapaji yinkuru yasohotse mu 1917. Kandi inkuru yuzuye yimiterere yishimye igaragarira mu gitabo kituzuye cya Gasheki "Amahirwe y'umusirikare w'intwari mu gihe cy'intambara." Josef Schweikk ni muto bihagije - ku nteruro yinyandiko irashobora gufatwa ko mugihe cyibitabo, intwari ifite imyaka nka 30.Mbere gato yo gutangira intambara ya Mbere y'Isi, intwari ikiri nto, czeki n'ubwenegihugu, yagerageje gukorera, ariko abaganga bamumenya bafite "igicucu cyuzuye", na Yozefu yirukanwe. Kuva icyo gihe, inyuguti yatangiye kwishora mubucuruzi bwimbwa. Byongeye kandi, yagurishaga ibice byibwe, kimwe na Mongrels, yahawe kuri akuru kubera ibisekuruza by'Impimbano.
Iyo imirwano itangiye, yongeye guhamagara imbere. Urebye ibiranga byatanzwe nabaganga, intwari yoherejwe kurwana nka "inyama za tonnon". Nubwo umuntu yateje imbere igihe, umugabo yaka kubera icyifuzo cyo gukorera igihugu. Ariko, ubuyobozi, buyobora mu buryo butaziguye umusirikare ubanza kuri sitasiyo ya polisi, hanyuma mu nzu y'ibisazi, na nyuma - mu Rugereko rwa Gereza hamwe n'urwego rw'abatotsi ndetse n'ubwicanyi.
Nyuma, asigaye i Prague, imiterere itunganijwe nk'impanga za ba ofisiye babiri. Ariko ibyabaye byaremewe kugirango josef igomba gusubira imbere. Umusore agwa mu rugamba rwa 91, mu banyamaguru, aho yakoraga mbere yo gutangira imirwano. Abandi baturage batunguwe nuko ibibazo byingenzi, ibintu bifatika byumusirikare abonye ikintu gikomeye, agera kubururu.
Amabwiriza yatanzwe nabayobozi, intwari ikorana ishyaka numwete. Ariko, ibisubizo by'imbaraga akenshi ntibiteganijwe, biracisha bugufi. Ibiba byose, ibintu byose byavutse, Scweik bifite urugero rwubuzima bwihariye, nkibisobanuro kubyabaye.
Ubwa mbere birasa nkaho Yosefu yoroshye kandi ni ibicucu. Ariko, imiterere ntabwo yoroshye kandi idashidikanywaya, nkuko bigaragara imbere. Umusirikare arashobora gutondekanya sabotage, hitamo ibintu. Muri ibyo, ifasha gusuzuma "dementia" hamwe n'abaganga - urubanza rwa muganga ruhinduka igifuniko cyo gutaka, kigufasha "guhindukira" ibintu bidateganijwe.
Umusirikare udoda muri firime
Umugambi w'umugaragu utemewe washishikajwe no kwibikwa nyuma gato yo kwinjiza igitabo gishya. Hagati ya 20s-s, verisiyo muburyo bwa firime yacecetse bwavanyweho. Inyungu mu nyandiko za Gasheki ziyongereye muri 40 - iri tegeko kuko Karel Lamach yabahindukiriye, Sergey Yutkevich n'abandi. Mu 1954-1955, excran yasohotse akazu k'igikinisho ku bijyanye n'amavuko ya Yozefu, yakozwe na Jiji Trpkka.
Ibyamamare ku isi byakiriwe no gushushanya "umusirikare w'intwari wo kudoda", gufata amashusho n'ibirahuri bya karlee mu 1957. Umuyobozi yahisemo gukora firime igice cya mbere cyigitabo cya Gasheki. Uruhare rwimico nyamukuru yatumiwe numukinnyi ukiri muto Rudolf Huinhasky. Amashusho meza yo gusetsa, amahugurwa yumuhanzi, igikorwa gishimishije cyakoze firime hamwe nabareba benshi. Amagambo yaturutse muri firime yabaye aphorisms, yinjira mu bantu.
Filmography
- 1926 - "Umusirikare wintwari Sew"
- 1926 - "Schweik imbere"
- 1927 - "Kudoda mu bunyage bw'Uburusiya"
- 1927 - "Schweik ku muturage"
- 1931 - "Umusirikare wintwari yo kudoda"
- 1943 - "Adventures Nshya Ubusuwisi"
- 1942 - "Schweik arimo kwitegura kurugamba"
- 1955 - "Umusirikare w'intwari Sew"
- 1957 - "Umusirikare wintwari yo kudoda"
- 1963 - "Imyaka ikiri muto Scweika"
- 1968 - "ITANGAZO RY'Umusirikare wa Brava Scweika"
- 1969 - "Gudoda mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose"
- 2009 - "Umusirikare ukomeye wa musirikare"
Bibliografiya
- 1911 - "Camping Schweik kurwanya Ubutaliyani"
- 1911 - "Schweikk Yaguze Divayi Yitorero"
- 19.11 - "Icyemezo cya komisiyo y'ubuvuzi ku musirikare wa Bravo Schwek"
- 1911 - "Umusirikare wa Brava Schweikk yiga gukora Pyroxiline"
- 1911 - "Umusirikare w'intwari mu mato yo mu kirere"
- 1917 - "Umusirikare wintwari adoda mubunyage bwuburusiya"
- 1921-1922 - "Amavuko y'umusirikare w'intwari Schweik mu gihe cy'intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose"
- 1923 - "Ibitekerezo by'umusirikare w'intwari Schweik mu bunyage bw'Uburusiya"