Henri Böll - Amafoto, Ubuzima, Bitera Urupfu, Ubuzima Bwawe, Ibitabo

Ubuzima

Umwanditsi, umusemuzi maze Scenario ya Henry Böll yise Umwanditsi w'ikidage cyane w'Uburusiya, kuko atari mu kindi gihugu, usibye mu Budage, umurimo we ntabwo wakoresheje ibyamamare nko mu Burusiya. Kubikorwa bya politiki no kumuvangaho, yiswe "umutimanama wamahanga". Umugabo yashyigikiye ubwisanzure bw'umwuka ahantu hose, aho yari afite ibyago.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Ubuzima bw'umwanditsi bwatangiye mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1917, yavutse Cologne, yazamuwe mu muryango mugari. Ababyeyi be bari abagatolika, nyina yishora mu bukungu n'abana, se akora nk'icyumba. Umuhungu w'imyaka ine, umuhungu yiganye mu ishuri gatolika, hanyuma yimurirwa muri siporo ya Kaizer Wilhelm. Igitekerezo cya Heinrich mu nyandiko cyakurikiranwe mu bwana. Mu myaka yo kwiga kwishuri, yagiriye ibisigo ninkuru.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwa Böll bwateye imbere neza, umugabo yahuye nurukundo rwe mumyaka itoroshye yintambara. Mu 1942, ubukwe bwe bwakozwe na Anna Maria Ceki, utanga uwo bashakanye mu bahungu batatu - Vincent, Raminda na Rene. Ku ifoto ihuriweho, umuryango wa Böll urasa neza, biragaragara ko abashakanye bafite abana gutegeka urukundo no gusobanukirwa.

Ibitabo

Igikorwa cya mbere cya Heinrich nticyari kijyanye nubuvanganzo. Ubwa mbere yari kumwengira, hanyuma akora mu iduka ry'igitabo, hanyuma mu iduka ry'ubutatu bwari umunyeshuri ugurisha, hanyuma ajya mu nkambi y'abakozi ya serivisi y'umurimo w'Imirimo. Umusore amaze guteganya gukomeza kwiga muri kaminuza, ariko ahamagarwa mu mudugudu, kandi mu ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, yagiye kurwanira Ubufaransa. Yakiriye ibikomere 4, ariko ararokoka. Amezi abiri yari mu bunyage bw'Abanyamerika, kandi nyuma yo kwibohora asubira muri Cologne kavukire yinjira muri kaminuza, aho yatangiye kwiga filozofiya.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Kubera ko ayo mafaranga yatangiye, Heinrich yakoraga igihe runaka mu mahugurwa ya se. Igikorwa cye cya mbere cyaje kuba kashe mu 1947. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umugabo yerekanye inkuru "gari ya moshi ije mugihe", nundi mwaka icyegeranyo cyinkuru. Noneho igitabo "Wabaye he, Adamu?" Yagaragaye ku bubiko bwububiko bwubuvanganzo. Ibikorwa byambere bya Heinrich byuzuyemo beto byingenzi kandi byoroshye koroherana. Ibitabo byinshi byasanze abasomyi nabanegura ibisubizo, hamwe ninkuru "intama z'umukara" yakiriye igihembo.

Ubwa mbere muri bibliografiya yumwanditsi hari inkuru zifite ibibanza bitoroshye. Buhoro buhoro, imirimo yarushijeho kwibasirwa n'ibibazo by'imibereho n'ibibazo byagaragaye nyuma y'intambara irangiye. Muri bo, yabwiye ibyabaye kandi mu mabara yose yasobanuye ukuri kw'imyaka ya mbere y'intambara mu Budage. Kuva mu 1967, yatangiye gusura Tbilisi, Leningrad na Moscou, aho bakusanyije ibikoresho bya film documentaire izahazaza kuri Dostoevy na St. Petersburg.

Mu 1971, Böll yanditse itsinda ryamatsinda "yerekanaga umudamu", aho yagerageje kwimura amateka yagutse yo mubudage Xx. Nyuma yaho, iki gitabo cyagize ingaruka ku gihembo cya Henry Nobel, yabaye umwanditsi wa gatatu w'Ubudage wakiriye igihembo nk'icyo nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mu bindi bikorwa, umwanditsi yakundaga kurwanya gahunda ya politiki y'igihugu, yanditswe ku kaga ko kugenzurwa na Leta y'abaturage basanzwe.

Ishimwe rya Batty Amashusho

Hamwe nibisabwa bikomeye, guhanga belyl byakoreshejwe nabasomyi b'Abasoviyeti, ibyinshi muri byo byari bimeze ku gisekuru cya nyuma. Mu gihe cyo gusangira ibikorwa byanditse ya Heinrich, imirimo irenga 80 yahinduwe mu kirusiya. Ntiyigeze asura Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, kandi kubera ayo magambo, umugabo witwaga ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Nyuma yaho, igitabo cy'umwanditsi cyabujijwe muri USSR, nyuma yo gukuraho ibitabo byose biva mu gitabo.

Nyuma yo kwirukanwa kwa Alexander Solzhenitsyn wo muri Usssr no kwamburwa ubwenegihugu afatira icyemezo afata icyemezo cya Yuri Andropov, yoherejwe mu Budage. Agezeyo, ahanze inkunga abantu batandukanye, harimo na Böll, wemeye umwanditsi mu rugo rwe, kandi mbere yafasha kohereza inyandiko ze zandikishijwe intoki mu burengerazuba, nyuma yasohotse mu burengerazuba, aho byasohoye nyuma.

Urupfu

Mu 1985, Heinrich yapfuye, yari afite imyaka 67. Byabereye munsi ya Bonn, umwanditsi yagumye ku muhungu we. Impamvu y'urupfu ntabwo yatangajwe. Imibare ya politiki ikomeye na bagenzi be bageze mu gushyingura Böll.

Bibliografiya

• 1949 - "Gariyamoshi ije ku gihe"
• 1950 - "Umugenzi, azaza mugihe muri spa ..."
• 1951 - "Wabaye he, Adamu?"
• 1952 - "Ntabwo ari Noheri gusa"
• 1955 - "Umugati wo mu myaka ya mbere"
• 1958 - "Guceceka kwa Dr. Murke"
• 1962 - "Igihe intambara yashira"
• 1963 - "Amaso ya Clouny"
• 1971 - "Port Parkserait hamwe numudamu"
• 1974 - "Yatakaye Icyubahiro cya CATRIna Blum, cyangwa Ihohoterwa riravuka gute nicyo gishobora kuyobora"
• 1979 - "Kugota Gutekereza"
• 1981 - "Ishusho, Bonn, Bonne"