Mu myaka irenga 130 kuva aho yazamutse kuri 4 42 hejuru y'umuhanda wa Chicago yubaka inyubako y'ubwishingizi bw'urugo, ifatwa nk'ikirere cya mbere ku isi. Umwubatsi William Le Baron Jenny yubatswe ibi bitangaje icyarimwe. Muri 2020, hafi ibihumbi 5 "bya skyface" byagaragaye ku isi, kandi ibindi bihumbi biri mu cyiciro cyo kubaka. Nubwo inyubako nyinshi za Cycclopique zigwa kuri Aziya na Amerika, mu Burayi harimo kandi sturatcrapers - hafi inyubako ndende y'i Burayi izambwira ibikoresho 24C.
Soviet "Tucheseza"
Gigantantia - ishyaka riranga abarwanyi ba leta gusa. Imyaka 6 nyuma yikirere cyambere cyajuririye amatongo (yavuze ko inyubako y'ubwishingizi mu rugo zarasenyutse mu 1931), iyubakwa ry'ingoro itangaje ya Soviets yatangiriye i Moscou. Iyi miterere yubugarabubasha, uburebure bwayo bwagombaga kuba m 415, kandi kubuziranenge bwubu iyi gaciro irashimishije.Kubwamahirwe, igihangano nticyatanzwe kugirango giherwe. Kubaka inyubako, byagombaga kuba ikimenyetso cyo kwizihiza imitindi ku ndangagaciro zabasirikare z'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba n'ibihugu by'isi yose, byabujije Intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, natangiye intambara ya kabiri yanje mu 1939.
Nubwo ibishara byubaka ibishara byatsinzwe, kandi urwibutso rwo gutembera kwa Lenin ntirwateganijwe kuzamurwa hejuru y'umugabane wa Eurage, gukurura "ubuyobozi bw'Abasoviyeti ntibyashize.
Gahunda ebyiri zimyaka itanu, kuva 1947 kugeza 1957, inyubako 7 zagaragaye i Moscou, abatuye Uburusiya nabanyamahanga bazi munsi yizina "uburebure bwa Stalinist". Muri urwibutso "Tuchezov", nk'uko abarusiya bitaga ibicurane na mbere y'impinduramatwara, inyubako ya MSU yashyizwe ku mwanya wo hejuru mu 1957 kugeza 1990, itangira umwanya wa Frankfurt "na Frankfurt" .
Intsinzi y'Uburusiya
Mu 1997, ikirere cya OkomrTank-Towerrtonk cyasohotse bwa mbere, yongeye gushyirwaho mu kidage Frankfurt n nyamukuru. Icyakora, nyuma yimyaka 8, ubuyobozi mu rwego rwo hejuru mu gice cy'Uburayi bw'umugabane wagarutse kuri Moscou - Umuyobozi wa metero 264 w'ingoro y'intsinzi ikura hafi y'umuhanda wa Leningrad. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, "hejuru-yonyine k'Uburayi" Iguma inyuma y'Uburusiya, gusa imyanya ya mbere igenda kuva mu nyubako nshya imwe yandi - kandi yose mu kigo cy'ubucuruzi cya Moscou-City.
Ibidasanzwe ni 2012, iyo uruhare rwa violon ya mbere yagiye muri metero 310 ya London. Ariko amaze mu 2013, nyuma yo kurangiza imirimo yo kubaka umunara wa Mercury, umugozi watsinze mu marushanwa ni menshi mu Burayi, inyubako zasubiye i Moscou.
Muri 2016, umunara w'iburasirazuba wa federasiyo ninyubako ndende y'i Burayi, nyuma y'umwaka wa Lakhta yabuze iyi titch "umunara wa Lakhta", uherereye ku nkombe y'ibigega bya Finlande.
"Ikigo cya Lakhta"
Ikirere cya 87-kibanza cyinyubako yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yinyubako yo mu Burayi ni igice cya Lakhta Ikigo cya Lakhta Ikigo gishinzwe imibereho myiza n'ubucuruzi (uburebure - aho kuva muri 2017 ari Ibiro bikuru bya Pjs Gazprom. Usibye umunara, akarere gashya k'ubucuruzi ka metero kare ibihumbi 57. Metero zirimo indi nyubako nyinshi, stilobate, inyubako yinjira hamwe na complex yibikoresho byihariye.Umwubatsi yari igishushanyo mbonera cy'Ubwongereza na Biro y'Ubwubatsi RMJM, icyicaro cye giherereye i Edinburgh. Igishushanyo cya SWXSTIVA SNLL cyashubije inzego, zatsinze isoko ryo gutanga serivisi. Igiciro cyose cyo kubaka ikigo cyubucuruzi kigera kuri miliyari 1.8. Inzobere zirenga ibihumbi 12 kuva mu bihugu 20 zakuruwe mu kubaka.
Dukurikije umushinga, uruganda rurimo kubakwa, hiyongereyeho metero kare 300 z'ibiro by'ibiro, birimo:
- Ubumenyi bw'abana n'uburezi;
- ivuriro ry'ubuvuzi;
- Incamake ihagaze iherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 360;
- Restaurants na cafeteria;
- Isanduku imurika;
- amphitheater y'amazi;
- Ingorabahizi;
- Umudendezo.
Nta nyubako yo kubaka nta bihe byamatsiko. By'umwihariko mu rubanza iyo bigeze muri uwo mushinga nko kubaka inyubako yo mu Burayi. Nibyiza kuri Lakhta Centre Skyscraper.
Bishimishije kubyerekeye "Centre ya Lakhta"
Twakusanyije ibintu bishimishije niyi nyubako ikomeye, munsi yumugabane wa Eurage mu gice cya Eurage mu gice cy'umugabane wa Eurage gusa kuri telebalne gusa i Ostankino, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubusa.
1. Urebye ibiranga ikirere cyiburayi cyiburayi - Kuba hafi kumazi n'intege nke zubutaka, - munsi yumunara habaye ibirundo 264 byimiyoboro ya metero 82. Itanga kandi igishushanyo cyo kurinda kugirango urufatiro rwa metero 30 z'uburebure, ushimangire umutekano wikirere no kurinda ingaruka zamazi yubutaka.
2. Kora kubera guhingwa umunara waguye mu gitabo cya Guinness Munsi ya Guinness nk'urugero rutigeze rubaho ku buvange buvanze na sima kuvanga nyaburanga atari mu Burayi gusa, ahubwo no ku isi. Inzira yakomeje mumasaha mirongo itanu - Muri iki gihe metero ibihumbi 19.6 ya beto yuzuye urugwiro.
3. Umuti wumwimerere wakoreshwaga mugukora umunara wa "Lakhta Centre" mugihe ukora ikigo "cya Lakhta" gifatwa hejuru yuburebure bwa skyscraper yose, ni silinderi yicyuma kandi Beto, imbere ikoreramo, insinga n'imiyoboro, ingazi na minesiyo ya elevate. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya "Intangiriro", kubitekerezo byabashakashatsi, kubungabunga ubusugire bwubwubatsi bufite uruhare rwibintu byo hanze, harimo nibikorwa bya Seiganiki. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kandi kwemeza urwego rwo hejuru rwumutekano wumuriro - uherekeje amasaha 4 yo guhura na flame udahinduye imico.
4. Kugira ngo woroshye unyitayeho, umunara utanga imirongo idasanzwe yiruka kumpande zimiterere mubuzima bwose bwubwubatsi. Batera trolleys bakeneye gukorera inyubako, harimo no gukaraba Windows.
5. Ibirahuri byashyizwe mu munara wa "Lakhta Centre" ufite ubunini bwa cm 4 no kwihanganira imitwaro ikomeye idafite ibyangiritse. Kumena gupakira ibintu byinshi byateganijwe gusa nubufasha bwabapadiri gusa, ahubwo nintwaro.
6. Inyubako itanga intambara idasanzwe, kubera iyo nyubako ishobora guhinduka ku giti cya Noheri kinini mu Burayi. Bwa mbere, ibi byakozwe ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2018.
7. Inyubako ifite imbaraga. Ariko, kubera ko urwego rwibicu rimwe na rimwe runyura munsi yumunara wa spire, sisitemu yinyongera yamafaranga yamashanyarazi yaturutse kumusozi wo hanze kandi utangwa hakoreshejwe toxode idasanzwe.
Umunara umwe
Mu gusoza, birakwiye ko tumenya ko umunara "wa Lakhta" bivuga icyiciro cyinzego zubutegetsi. Ariko mu kigo cy'ubucuruzi "Umujyi" wubatswe n'uburebure bwa munara kimwe cya 404 M - Iyi nyubako izaba ibanziriza ikigereranyo cya mbere ku bihumbi kuri metero kare.