Ubuzima
Giuseppe Verdi yahimbye inshuro nyinshi imirimo yabanditsi bazwi, yaba Shakespeare ya William (Macbeth) cyangwa Victor Fhogo (King "yahindutse muri Rigoletto). Ariko ku byerekeye Alexander Duma - umuhungu, akurikije igitabo cyacyo "umudamu ufite na Kamelliya", uwahimbye "Travitu", umwanditsi w'inkomoko y'ubuvanganzo yagumye mu kwibuka gusa opera.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi yavutse muri Nyakanga 1824 mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa. Umuhungu yitiriwe Data - Umwanditsi "Umwamikazi Margo" na "kubara Monte Cristo" - Alexander Duma - mukuru.
Iyo umuvandimwe wawe wamamaza kera ubwe yabaye umwanditsi, noneho ijambo umuhungu atangira kongeramo kwirinda urujijo. Alexander Junior umuvandimwe Henry Bauer, afite imyaka myinshi yumwanditsi umwe "Abadamu hamwe na Kamellias" mu bahungu be, na bo babaye umwanditsi.
Nkuko biri mu ntwari z '"Musketeers" - D'ABAGNANAN na Contagnan ba Bonashe, kumenyera ababyeyi ba Alexander Duma - Umwana yashimiye ubuzima bwe mu nzu ya paruwasi. Nyina wa Marie-Katrin La Laba yari mukuru kurenza se imyaka 8 kandi yari afite studio ntoya ku budozi no gusana imyenda.
Umwanditsi ntabwo yashakaga umugore wabyaye imfura ye, ahubwo yafashije ku mubiri no ku mugaragaro (yemejwe) ku muhungu w'imfura, igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 6.5. Ubuzima bwa Alexander Duma - Umuto yagaragaye mu bitabo bye "umuhungu utaragendarwa" na "se w'ikirara".
Ku myaka 9, umuhungu yahawe inzu, aho abo mwigana yari umunyeshuri uzaza Edmond de Gonkur. Muri 1839, Duma Jr. yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Royal ya Bourbon, ubu azwi nka Lyceum shaptal. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umusore yavuye mu kigo cy'uburezi ahinduka umwe mu banyamuryango ba Paristian bazwi cyane.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu busore bwe, Duma-umuhungu yari ameze nk'ikirusiya gikomeye cya Alexander Cushkin. Guhuza byo hanze y'abanditsi, uburemere bwabo kandi bugasobanurwa no kuba abakurambere b'abanditsi baho hari abantu bafite uruhu rwijimye. Sekuru w'umwanditsi "Evgenia Onegin" yabereye i Etiyopiya, na nyirakuru Alexander Duma - Data - kuva muri Haiti. Kimwe na fushkin, duma-umuhungu wambaye benbard.Mugukura, angahe kuri ibi ashobora gucirwa urubanza nifoto, umwanditsi "Abadamu hamwe na Kamellias" yabaye nka se, umubano winshuti wahujwe. Nanone, Alegizandere yari inshuti n'umuyahudi utangaje, umudamu wizerwa kandi w'umwanditsi George Saca, afata nk'umubyeyi w'ubuvanganzo.
Ubuzima bwihariye bwumufaransa bwari abanyarugomo kandi akenshi bigaragarira mubikorwa bye. Uwahoze ari nyirabuja ni The Coristoct wo muri Lidiya Nesselrod, umwanditsi yazanye "umudamu ufite amasaro" mu gitabo. Umubano w'urukundo ujyanye n'umwanditsi ufite abakinnyi bashinzwe gushushanya marie na eme dekl.
Umugore wa mbere wa Alegizandere yari umupfakazi w'umutware na Naryshkin, aho yari yarabaye umukobwa wa Marie-Alexandrin-Anriett mu buzima bwe bwa mbere. Nyuma yubukwe, uwo mwashakanye yahaye umugabo we indirimbo ya hiiress. Ariko, muri Marie-Alexandrin se-ikinamico yeguriwe ikinamico "ya Bagidadi", umukobwa uturuka ku bana bose n'abuzukuru bahawe sekuru ukomeye.
Ishyari hamwe nubuto bw'ikigo cy'uwo mwashakanye byahatiye umuto wa Dumaile kugira ngo ahindure amayeri na Aneritte escalier, ari we Henger imyaka 40. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'ubyiringiro, umwanditsi yashakanye na nyirabuja.
Ibitabo
Bibliografiya yumwanditsi irimo ibitabo, gukina, inyandiko nibisigo. Ibikorwa byambere by'imivugo, nyuma bikubiye muri Almanac "ibyaha by'urubyiruko", umuhungu - umuhungu wanditse mu myaka 18.
Muri icyo gihe, uwo musore yabonye Kurtsanka Marie Dulessi. Roman hamwe n'urungano, uzwiho ubwiza, ubwenge n'imisano hamwe n'abagabo b'Abafaransa bakomeye, muri bo harimo urupapuro rwabigize, muri bo harimo urupapuro rwa Ferenz, rwagonze muri 1844 rurangira mu mwaka wa mbere.
Afite imyaka 23, wahoze ari Umukunzi wa Duma yapfuye. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umugore yari igituntu. Yatangaye Alexander yanditse "umudamu ufite inzu ya Kamellias", hanyuma utunganizwa mu kindi. Dulesi - Prototype yimiterere nyamukuru ya Margarita Gauthier.
Ishingiro ry'incuro nyinshi n'ibitabo muri Duwas - umuhungu washyizeho isesengura ry'imfatiro. Umwanditsi yakoreye uburenganzira bw'abana butemewe, kubera ubudahemuka bw'abagabo be no gutandukana mu buryo bwo kwishyuza ubwabo. Muri icyo gihe, Alegizandere yasuzumye iyicwa ry'abagore ritari kumwe n'abagabo ntabwo yemerewe gusa, ariko nanone bikwiye.
Urupfu
Umuhungu wa Duma yitabye inyuma mu cyimpeshyi yo mu 1895, amezi 4 nyuma yo gushyingirwa kuri escal. Umwanditsi w '"Abategarugori hamwe na Kamellias" yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Paris Montmartre mu majana avuye muri metero amagana mu mpunzi ya nyuma Marie Dulessi.Effigia (ibuka ry'ikidodo) ku mva y'umwanditsi yakoze René de Saint-Marceau. Yasambanyije igishusho cya Duma - umuhungu, uhagaze ku kibanza cya Paris muri Greevell-Katra, ku mbungero zinyuranye zacyo ni urwibutso rw'umwanditsi wa "Musketeers" yashyizwe mu 1883.
Bibliografiya
- 1847 - "Amahirwe y'abagore bane na parrot"
- 1847 - "Ibyaha by'urubyiruko"
- 1848 - "Kayine"
- 1848 - "Umukecuru hamwe na Kamellias"
- 1849-1851 - "Kugarura bine"
- 1851 - "Diana De Lis"
- 1852 - "Umudamu ufite amasaro"
- 1857 - "Ikibazo cy'amafaranga"
- 1858 - "Umuhungu w'umunyamerika ufunguye"
- 1859 - "Data w'ikirara"
- 1864 - "Yuzuye abagore"
- 1866 - "Clemento Clement"
- 1866 - "Kwibuka Ushinjwa"
- 1873 - "Bwana Alfons"
- 1881 - Umuganwakazi wa Bagdad
- 1885 - "Deniz"