Ubuzima
Umuhanga mu bya fiziki, chimiste na Meteologiste John Dalton yabonye icyamamare gushimira imirimo ya siyansi. Kurugero, inyigisho yimiterere yibintu yatunganijwe nabo byabaye urugendo nyako, kandi umugani nk'uwo, nk'impumyi y'amabara, bityo ifatwa nk'umurage, bityo yitwa Daltonisma, ukurikije izina y'umuhanga.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bw'umuhanga bwatangiye muri IGLSfield, intara ya Cebembes, aho azavuka mu kugwa kwa 1766. Se yari aboha nabi, ariko nyina yaturutse mu muryango wa Prespeussuye w'Abongereza - abagize umutwe wa gikristo, imyizerere yabo itandukanye n'amasezerano y'Isezerano Rishya.
Hamwe na John mu muryango, mukuru we Yonatani yazanywe n'umuhungu kuva ku myaka 15 mu ishuri rye ry'amadini rye bwite ry'amadini (Quake). Kuva mu myaka 21, yatangiye gukora indorerezi ya Meteorologiya, nyuma akomeza kwandika mu buzima bwose. Muri rusange, inyandiko ibihumbi 20 zegeranijwe mu gitabo cye kijyanye no guhinduka ikirere.
Nyuma y'ishuri, Dalton yateganyaga kujya kwiga byinshi, kugira ngo abasore bashyirwe imbere hari ubuhanga bwo kwa muganga, ariko ntibyashobokaga kubikora.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuyobozi ntabwo bwatanze Dalton kubaka ubuzima bwihariye, yabaga ingaya, kandi avugana nuruziga ruto rwabantu. Mu bisobanuro byabitswe kugeza uyu munsi, abahanzi bagaragaje ko Yohana yatekereje, yibanda kandi bikomeye, yohereje ishusho ya chimiste.Siyanse
Akazi ka mbere mu buzima bwa Dalton yaragaragaye ko akiri mu busore bwe igihe yafashaga murumuna we ku ishuri, hanyuma agerageza kwigisha. Mu 1793, umusore yimukiye muri Manchester, ahura na John Gorukh, waje kumuha ubumenyi bwe mu bumenyi kandi afasha kubona umwanya wa mwarimu muri kaminuza nshya. Muri uyu mwanya yagumye kugeza ku ya 1800, hanyuma yishora mu kwigisha abikorera.
Muri icyo gihe, Dalton yakomeje kwishora mu kwiteza imbere, biga ibitabo, bakoze ubushakashatsi kandi bugavumburwa ibintu bidasanzwe. Kurugero, bashimishijwe no kwiga atomesism, mu 1803 umugabo yaremye igitekerezo cye cya atomistic abivugaho. Mu bihe biri imbere, kubera igitekerezo gikomeye, umuhanga yerekanye icyitegererezo cya atome ndetse n'ibinyabuzima byabo ku kamba k'ibiti by'amabara. Nyuma yimyaka myinshi akora akazi gakomeye mu kinyamakuru cya laboratoire, yanditse kumeza yambere yumunzani wa atomic.
Ntabwo aribyo byonyine byo gusangira igitekerezo cya Dalton kubyerekeye inyigisho za atomic. Muri icyo gihe, yateguye amategeko abiri ya gaze, areba bwa mbere igitutu cy'igice cya gaze kivanze, kigena igitutu cyuzuye. Iya kabiri yafashaga kumenya ibibazo byo kuvanga imyuka mu mazi, byiswe amategeko yo kwikeba.
Daltonism yabaye ibintu byinshi cyane bya Yohana, yise ubuhumyi bwa siyansi. Umugabo ubwe yababajwe muri ubwo burwayi, ariko arabyumva igihe yatwarwaga na Botany. Kwiga ibitabo kuriyi ngingo, yakundaga guhura nibisobanuro byibimera bitandukanye nindabyo, kandi niba adafite ingorane zumuhondo nindabyo, hanyuma abona umutuku nigicucu cya roza mubururu. Imyenda imwe yo kuragwa yagiye kwa musaza we.
Umugabo yavugaga ko agereranya ibara ryayo bwite n'icyerekezo cy'igicucu kimwe cy'impuhwe z'incuti ze, nk'uko mu maso ye hari akabariro nk'ubururu, bityo akaba asohora nyuma y'urupfu kugira ngo ashakishe ijisho rye. Ubwoko bw'umuntu bwakozwe, ariko abashakashatsi ntacyo babonye mu maso ye. Mu myaka myinshi, uyu mubiri wa Dalton wabitswe mukibindi hamwe n'inzoga. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1995 gusa, abaturage ba Leta bashoboye gutanga kandi bashakisha ADN wa Retina, yagennye ko habaho ines ya Dalton muri Yohana.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mubuzima bwose Dalton yanditse igitabo kimwe hamwe ningingo ya siyansi yatangajwe buri gihe, ariko ntabwo buri gihe igaragara neza muri siyanse.
Urupfu
Ibibazo byubuzima byatangiriye kuri Dalton mu 1837, igihe yari afite ubwonko bwa mbere. Igitero cya kabiri cyatewe n'umutima cyabaye mumyaka mike kandi gisize ingaruka zikomeye: kurenga ku mvugo yumuhanga. Ariko ntibyamubujije gukora ubushakashatsi. Umuhanzi wa chemiste ntiyabaye mu mpeshyi yo mu 1844, icyateye urupfu ni cyo cyakubise cya gatatu, utasize amahirwe y'umugabo.Kwibuka kubyumvirwa byakozwe na Dalton, ijambo Dalton rikoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye, risobanura ice atome ya misa.
Bibliografiya
- 1793 - "Indorerezi za Meteorologiya n'ubushakashatsi"
- 1801 - "Ibiranga Ikibonezamvugo Icyongereza"
- 1808 - "Inzira nshya ya filozofiya ya shimi. 1 Ingano "
- 1810 - "Inzira nshya ya filozofiya ya shimi. Ubudozi 2 "