Ubuzima
Max Ernst, wari ufite ubwenegihugu bw'Ubufaransa n'Ubudage, niwe uhagarariye uhagarariye Avant-garde mu 1930-1940. Gukora mu buryo bwo gukiza, umuhanzi yihaye Dadasiby n'ubushakashatsi hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye mu bishusho no gusenyuka.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Max Ernst yavutse ku ya 2 Mata 1891 i Bruel mu muryango w'umurimu wa Gatolika wakoranye n'abatumva - no-no-no-no-umunsi. Mama yari umugore wo mu rugo kandi areba urubyaro rwinshi, agerageza kwemeza ko abana bazutse bafite abantu bize kandi bize.
Umuryango warimo ushushanya, kubera ko umubyeyi yari umuhanzi wa amateur, akenshi akagira ubutwari ndetse n'abavandimwe ba kamere. Umuhungu ufite amatsiko afatwa nk'indabyo, uruzi n'ibiti, kandi imirimo ye yo hambere yambara abandi bana nk'urugero.
Mu 1897, abakiri bato Ernn, bagiye ku ishuri bashishikazwa na filozofiya, babigaragaza mu bumenyi bwa siyansi. Yasomye igitabo cya Max Stinner, kandi rimwe kandi amaherezo yamenye ko ibintu byingenzi byisi bibaye na gato gitunguranye.
Ibitekerezo bikomeye cyane kubera uko bavutse bashiki bacu ba Apolloniya n'urupfu rwa paroti yakundaga, byabayeho umunsi umwe. Uwiteka Yesu azamemeje ko umwana yakuyeho ubuzima bw'inyoni, kandi yumva igihe cyo kujya ku ntambwe ikurikira.
Mu 1909, Max yakiriye buruse muri kaminuza ya Bonn ahitamo psychologiya yo kurwara mubwenge. Yitonze yize ubushobozi bwabo nibikorwa byubukoriko kandi akakusanya ibikoresho, byaba bihagije kubitabo bibiri bya siyansi.
Nkumunyeshuri, Ernst yabaye inshuti nabahagarariye imyuga yo guhanga - Heinrich Kamppepononcon, Karl Wisten, Johann Kulendan na Augustus Mac. Muri Autobiography Byavuzwe ko biri muriyi societe igenda itera imbere ko yahisemo kumubera umuhanzi agatekereza kubimurika ku giti cye.
Kwibuka Amasomo ya Data, yashushanyijeho amashusho na karitatires no kuzamura tekinike, yasuye ibiganiro mu ishami ry'ubuhanzi. Hanyuma yohereje imirimo myinshi igenda neza mu ngoro ya Bonn maze itangira kwitega reaction, yuzuyemo ibyiyumvo biteye ubwoba.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, ntiyabyutse na Liza Strauss, wabyaye umuhungu Jimmy, hanyuma ahana ubutane. Nyuma yumubano muto numuhanzi numwanditsi Leonor, Carrington Max yashakanye numunyamerika waguze icyegeranyo cyakazi ke.Peggy Gaggenheim yashyigikiye Masters kandi acunga ibintu bye, gutegura imurikagurisha ryabafatanyabikorwa ninshuti. Ariko ubu bukwe nabwo bwasenyutse nyuma yo guhura na Dorotheaning, watumye umuhanzi yishimye iminsi myinshi.
Gushushanya
Nyuma yo guhanga kare byatanzwe mu kwerekana ibimenyetso, Mariko yashinzwe mu bushobozi bwe kandi mu kuba yahisemo ubwoko bwiza. Ariko intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yahatiwe kujya mu ngabo z'Ubudage kandi igakora igikona gikomeye kandi cy'ubugome kuri ba shebuja.
Mu 1919, Ernst yari yamenetse mu ntera ya Liyetona, amaze kugera muri Cologne, yashimishijwe na Dada-Gada ya Dada. Inkonja zijyanye no guhindagurika zafashe umusore, maze ahitamo kugerageza imbaraga ze muri tekinike igenda itera imbere.
Munsi yizina rya DadAmax Ernst, Buntar nshya ihujwe nifotoye yafotoye kandi yishimiye imurikagurisha ridasanzwe, ryarimo imirimo yo kurwara mumutwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, habaye amakimbirane kubabujijwe kugaragara murugo, kandi ashishikajwe no guhanga byihuse mugihe runaka.
Ariko, umuhanzi yashoboye kumenyana nigifaransa kimwe-gitekerezo cya eloire na galle - icyitegererezo cya El Salvador Dali. Yanditse ishusho yo muri gahunda yitwa "Crofent chabes" hanyuma avugana numubabaro ko byari bimeze neza.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, bimukiye i Paris kuri Passeport y'abandi, Ernst, guhumekwa na bagenzi benshi benshi, bakoze umurimo udasanzwe. Kubwamahirwe, kugirango dusuzume "inama yinshuti" n "" mwiza umukiriya ", abanegura kandi abanyamateka b'ubuhanzi batajyanye umwaka umwe.
Max ntabwo yigeze agerageza gukira no kuba icyamamare, guhimba tekinike nshya, nka frertake na boutout. Yatanze umusaruro w'ibitabo maze andika ibitabo bishushanyije, kandi nanone aba umwanditsi w'inzira nyabagendwa, bita abrege-collage.
Mu 1931, amahirwe amwenyura n'umuhanzi, kandi umurimo we wakodeshaga kugira ngo amurikabikorwa ku giti cye muri Amerika. Hanyuma, mu mwuga wa Ernst, igihe cyera cyarangiye, aho impano ya pirimbyi na sculzor bagaragaje neza.
Ku munsi wa 52 isabukuru yimyaka 52, Max yanditse ishusho yikigereranyo yagabanijwemo ibice kandi igizwe nibice 52. Nyuma yibyo, yaremye igishusho cya "Capricorn" na "Imyumvire", wabaye ikigereranyo kizima cyibitekerezo bya Avant-Garde.
Urupfu
Ku ya 1 Mata 1976, Umuhanzi 84 wapfuye, impamvu z'urupfu ntizamenyekana kubisabwe na bene wabo n'inshuti. Nyuma yo gushyingura mu irimbi rya Parisian, inyungu ku mirimo ya Ernst yakuze inshuro nyinshi, maze aba intwari y'abatangajwe, ibikorwa by'ubuhanzi n'ingingo.Gushushanya
- 1916 - "INGINGO"
- 1919 - "Igikombe, hypertrophored"
- 1920 - Dada-Gogen
- 1921 - "Umusaruro w'amagufwa ya magufwa"
- 1921 - "Kebal Kebal"
- 1922 - "Inama y'inshuti"
- 1922 - "Gukura mumbere"
- 1923 - "Ibimera cyangwa Imyandikire ya nijoro"
- 1937 - "Varvara"
- 1944 - "OCO Guceceka"
- 1945 - "Ikigeragezo cya Mutagatifu Anthony"
- 1969 - "Ivuka rya Galaxy"