Ikinyejana cya XVII kirangiye, njye, nshaka gushimangira ingaruka z'igihugu, gitegekwa gukora amato, ashoboye guhangana n'umwanzi uwo ari we wese. Kuva mu gihe amato yubatswe ku itegeko ry'Umwami wa mbere w'Uburusiya, amato yagabanutse, atangira imyaka irenga 300. Mu gihe cyashize, tekinoroji yo kubaka amato yahindutse, amato ubwayo yiboneye "kumera", ndetse n'amato y'Uburusiya, akishimira ko asenyuka kw'umwe mu bushake ku isi.
Reka imiyoboro myinshi yashizweho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, ariko kuzuza bishya kuri RF Navy Navy, kandi "virsizi ishaje" irimo kuvugurura - nkuko byitwa icyaranga ibintu binini kandi biranga ubwato bwa Amato yuburusiya n'aho "ibihembo" by'igihangange cy'igitero kinini, izabwira 24CMI.
"Admiral Fresdes Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti za Kuznetsov"
"Inyuma ya Admiral Frot ya Kuznetsov" - ubwato bunini mu mato ya gisirikare y'Uburusiya ndetse n'akazurungano kanini kavukire (Tavkr), bihuza ibishushanyo by'ibyiza byo gutwara, kuri Igorofa birashoboka gushira no gukomeza indege 28 na kajugujugu n'ibikoresho hamwe nintwaro za roketi.Abakurambere
"Kuznetsov" yabaye iterambere ry'umushinga 1143 "Drain", abaremwa b'iyo bakozi ba Nevsky PCB bayobowe na Arkady marinich. Ku gishushanyo cyateye imbere kuva mu 1970 kugeza 1978, hubatswe intera 4 zishinzwe shuri. 1143 ubwayo ni ugukomeza umurongo wa "Conder" umurongo (1123), harimo ibinyabiziga bya kajugujugu-submarine-submarine Monitor, bigamije kumenya no gusenya amagambo umwanzi ushoboka.
Ibikoresho byakozwe mu mushinga wa 1143 ntabwo byari bifite igorofa ryuzuye ku butaka - indege ihagaritse kandi indege ihamye (SVP) yari ishingiye kuri kajugujugu ya Ka-26 Anti-submarine na Ka-27 hamwe n'umubare rusange w'ibice bigera kuri 36. Ariko imyitozo yo gukoresha yerekanaga ko amacumbi yo mu mato ya Yak-38. Indege ntiyigeze ifite sitasiyo ya radar ku munyarwanda-bomber-bomber "ikirahuri" yari hasi cyane mu bijyanye n'ibiranga, kandi yatandukanijwe n'intwaro zintege nke.
Kunanirwa gutanga
Bitewe nibibazo byavumbuwe no gukoresha SVP no kubura "Yaki", ubundi buryo bukeneye iterambere ryubwato bushobora gufata gahunda gakondo yo guhaguruka. Muri rusange, amato 3 yashyizweho kumushinga wanyuma umaze imyaka 1981:- "Varyag" (1143.6), yashyizwe mu 1985 maze afatwa nyuma yo gusenyuka kwa GANDSR muri Leta itaryama muri Ukraine, wakoresheje umurage mu Bushinwa, wakoze ubwato mu ndege itwara indege itwara indege;
- Ati: "Ulyanovsk" (1143.7), Ibimenyetso biterwa isoni byo kwishyiriraho moteri ya kirimbuzi no gushushanya icyo gishushanyo cyavuguruwe mu 1988, ariko mu gihe cya bine, urugendo rw'ibikoniko rwaciwe mu moko kubera ibibazo bibabaje mu bijyanye n'ubukungu bubi muri Leta;
- "Admiral Kuznetsov" (Inkongoro nyinshi z'umushinga 1143.5), "ubwonko bwa mbere bw'umushinga wahinduwe, inyubako yamaze kugerwaho n'itsinzi, mu nzego z'igihugu cy'Uburusiya, mu nzego zaho Yatwaye mbere ya 2018, ubwo yoherejwe kuvugurura no kongera kuvugurura uruganda rwo gusana ubwato, aho guhera mu ntangiriro za 2020 dusana no kongera gukoresha ikirango.
Intego
Igikorwa nyamukuru cya 743.5 "admiral kuznetsova" cyaremewe munsi yumushinga nicyo gikorwa cyimikorere ikingira. Ubwato bwatumye umutekano w'inzabya za Atome ahantu h'inyamashyamba zirwanya irondo n'umutekano utavugwaho rumwe n'inkiko, wagize uruhare mu gushakisha no kurimbuka kw'amazi n'imbaraga z'umwanzi. Nanone, imirimo ya Cruiser Cruiser yarimo igipfukisho cyo kugwa kw'imbaraga zo mu ngabo za marine zikeneye. Inshingano hafi y'abandi mu rwego rw'abandi kugira ngo iterabwoba igitero cy'indege kiri mu gikorwa cyagenwe n'abaremwe mu bwato bunini bw'amato mu gisirikare cy'Uburusiya, ntabwo birimo.
Amayeri na tekiniki
Hamwe no kwimura cyane toni ibihumbi 61 bya TBCR, ibipimo bikurikira ni:- Uburebure bw'izuru kugeza inyuma ni 306 m;
- Ubugari - MUNSI 72 mu budozi;
- Uburebure rusange - 65 m.
Intwaro Catanic, hamwe na Guverinoma y'Abaminisitiri "ibice byumye", kurinda torpeto igizwe n'ibice 3. Kwishyiriraho imitsi (Cutlubbin hamwe na 4 shafts) igufasha guteza imbere umuvuduko kugeza kuri 54 km / h (29 node). Ikigega cya Stroke - kuva ku birometero 4 kugeza kuri 9 by'inyanja bitewe n'umuvuduko.
Mu kibaho c'urugobe rutwara ibikoresho bya radar n'ibikoresho byo kugendana, anti-indege, anti-submarine n'intwaro za roketi na res. Ku igorofa y'indege yemerewe gushingira ku ndege 50 (Su-33, Mig-29, Su-27) na kajugujugu (Ka-27, Ka-29).
Umubare w'abakozi ni abantu 1960. Igihe cyo kwibiza kwigenga - iminsi 45.
Ibintu bishimishije
Kuva ku mibare mibi y'ibiranga kwimukira cyane - ibintu by'amatsiko bijyanye na Cruiser Cruiser "AdmiralTotsov".
Ikora
Izina rye ryubu ni ubwato bunini bwa gisirikare bwamato yuburusiya ntabwo ako kanya. Iyo ubwato bwateguwe muri KB, bwari buteganijwe guhamagara Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ku cyiciro cyo kurambirwa, icyemezo cyavuguruwe - ubwato bwakiriye izina "Riga".Ariko mugihe cyubwubatsi, umunyamabanga wa mbere wa komite nyobozi ya CPS yapfuye ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 1982. Kubijyanye namakuba ku ya 22 Ugushyingo, Cruise yahinduwe izina rya Leonid Brezhnev, atanga icyubahiro cyo kwibuka umuyobozi wigihugu. Uwahoze ari izina ry'uwahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru mu bwato bwa Tavkr aramanuka ku mazi ku ya 4 Ukuboza 1985 - Kurangiza byakomeje ku nkombe.
Muri Kanama 1987, ubuyobozi bwamafaranga yahisemo "ijoro ryose" ubwato bwongeye - none umutwara wa Cruise yahindutse Tbilisi. Ku murwa mukuru wa Jeworujiya SSR, ubwato bwaramutse kugeza imperuka mu bigeragezo bya 90, nyuma yaho, ku ya 4 Ukwakira, yari afite izina ry'intwari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. USSR Navy kuva 1939 kugeza 1946 no kuva 1951 kugeza 1953.
Icyitegererezo
Kugeza mu 1989, kajugujugu gusa na SVP bitabiriye ku gaciro k'amato y'Abasoviyeti. Ku ya 1 Ugushyingo, mu bigeragezo, ku kibanza icyo gihe Tbilisi yakoze indege ya mbere itambitse indege ya Su-27k iyobowe n'umuderevu w'icyitegererezo Viktor Pugachev. Kandi abambere kwikuramo ikirango, Mig-29k hamwe na Toktar Audacirov nkumuderevu.
Ibyabaye
Imfungwa mu 1936, ikoraniro rya Montinuux ryerekeye kugenzura Bosphorus na Dardanele, bibuza kunyura mu mazi y'indege mu mazi yinyanja yirabura, asiga uburenganzira bwo gusura amato. Muri icyo gihe, amasezerano yanditswe ko niba ibikorwa bya indege atari intego nyamukuru y'ubwato, hanyuma, ndetse ifite ibikoresho byo ku gaciro k'indege, ubwo bwato ntabwo bufatwa nk'uwutwara indege. Ibiranga byubaka, intwaro za roketi no gutondekanya nka "Aviarest Cruiser" bituma "admiratsov" indege yonyine itwara indege, yemerewe kuba mumazi yinyanja yirabura.Phoenix
Ukuboza 2019, iyo anyuze mu rugendo rwo kuvugurura no kongera gukoreshwa mu gihingwa cyo gusana ubwato bwa Thmank, umuriro wa metero kare 600 wavanye mu bwato. m, umunsi wagombaga kumarana umunsi. Kubera ibyabaye, abantu 2 barapfuye, 12 bakira batwika n'imvune. Ibyabaye byahinduye igihe ntarengwa cyo kuvugurura ingendo umwaka.
Ubwato butuje mu Burayi, cyangwa abahemu
Murwego rw'amato y'Amajyaruguru, aho "kuznetsova" biyandikishije ku mugaragaro muri Mutarama 1991, ariko icyombo giguma mu mazi hafi ya Sevastopole. Icyakora, mu Gushyingo, umuyobozi w'ubwato Viktor Yarygin yakiriwe n'ubutumwa bwa telegraph kuri Leonid Kravhik, werekanye ko ikirango kiri muri Ukraine kandi kigomba kuguma mu mazi ake.
Komanda yazirikanye ko referendum y'ubwigenge itarakorwa kandi ubwo burezi bwa Leta, nkuko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, muri Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, muri Ukraine, nkuko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine yisugi, nk'uko Ukraine yisugi, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine, nk'uko Ukraine yisugi, nk'uko Ukraine, muri Ukraine Kury-Admiral Umuyobozi Yury Ustimno.
Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 30 Ugushyingo, "Kuznetsov" yavuye i Sevastopol maze yerekeza i Bosphorus. Iminsi 25, yashishikarije Uburayi, Cruiser Cruiser yageze muri Viyeevo.
Igice cy'abaderevu n'indege hamwe n'ubwato bwo koga ntibyagiye, musigaye i Sevastopol. Bamwe banze kwizenguruka muri Ukraine hanyuma bakagereranywa n'ishingiro ry'abarusiya bo mu Burusiya 279 rw'ubwato. Kandi indahiro ya Ukraine yemewe bidatinze yirukanwe - igihugu nticyafite amato ashingiye.