Ubuzima
Umunyapolitiki walvador allende yatorewe kuba Perezida wa Repubulika ya Chili ndetse n'umwe mu bagize ishyaka ryabasosiyalisiti, washoboye gufata iyi nyandiko byemewe n'amategeko. Yahujije demokarasi y'imiryango yose y'ubuzima kandi ikora ivugurura mu rwego rw'ubukungu, ariko guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare no kurangiza imishinga.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Salvador Guillermo Allende Gosses yavukiye mu ciro yo mu 1908 mu mujyi wa Valpariso, aho umuryango we wabaga. Abakurambere bari bazwi muri societe na Liberals, ni inshuti zingirakamaro muri politiki zagiye munzu.
Hagati mu biganiro hari sekuru - umuganga, mason n'umuvugizi, wateguye rimwe mu mashuri yisumbuye ya kabiri ku butaka bwa Leta ya Leta ya Afurika. Yashakaga ko abana baho bakura batera imbere, biga ibintu bya kera, bakora mu guhanga no gukina umupira.
Ababyeyi bize bashyigikiye byimazeyo ibitekerezo byumuryango mukuru, na Salvador hakiri bato binjiye muri Lyceum igenda itera imbere. Kuba umwe mu bagize itsinda rya siporo, umuhungu yacunginze mu masomo yose, kandi ubwenge bwe no ku mubiri byari abizerwa.
Ibisubizo byonyine mu rubyiruko byafatwaga nk'ishyaka ry'ikibazo cya Anarchiste, byagaragaje ku mugaragaro Umwigisha waho ku mihanda. Amagambo yerekeye politiki ko umusore yari ahagarariye mu mpaka ubudahwema gushyira urungano n'abavandimwe bafite ubwenge mu mpera zapfuye.
Kubwamahirwe, mugihe cyo kurekura Salvador Salvador hamwe n'umutwe we yinjiye muri siyansi kandi byoroshye ibizamini muri kaminuza ya Chili. Yahisemo imiti nk'imwihariko kandi akesha umwarimu w'inararibonye w'Ubudage hagati ya 1932 yarangije icyubahiro cy'amashami yatoranijwe.
Nyuma, umusore utekereza ku mwuga uzaza, umusore yarwaniriye impamyabumenyi ye siyanse, aho imiti yafatwaga nk'imiti y'ingingo zaka. Muri kiriya gihe, yabaye umuyobozi w'imitwe y'abanyeshuri, yatawe muri yombi azira kwerekana, ariko abasha kwirinda ibibazo.
Urupfu rwa Se mugihe gito rwahinduye ibitekerezo na biografiya cya Allende, maze ahitamo guta imiryango iteye akaga no kuba umuganga usanzwe. Gutangira umwuga wo mu bitaro bya Patolog mu bitaro by'akarere bya Walparo, yirinze ubuzima rusange, muri 30 bakubise urufunguzo.
Ariko rero, kuba mu itsinda, ntibitaye ku byabaye muri Chili, Salvador yasubiye muri politiki maze atangira kubaho ubuzima bukora. Yifatanije na Masonri kandi yitabira gushyiraho ishyaka risozaga, ishingiro ryayo ni imbaraga zisigaye zamamaza Marxism.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Gucira urubanza n'amafoto, Salvador Allen yafashe impuzandengo ugereranije no kugaragara neza. Hagati ya 1940, yateguye ubuzima bwihariye. Uwashakanye Oritary Boussi, wabyaye abana batatu muri politiki, yari umututsi wakoze icyifuzo icyo ari cyo cyose.Politiki
Mu 1936, ALENDE yinjiye mu ihuriro ry'amatora, muri Chili yitwaga "imbaga imbere". Yabaye umuyobozi na Perezida w'ishami mu mujyi yavukiyemo maze yizera ko umwuga mushya uzafungura vuba.
Byabaye rero ku matora rusange mu Rugereko rw'inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu, aho harenze gato abantu bagera kuri icumi bayobora abasosiyaliste. Hanyuma hariho ubukangurambaga bwahariwe ukuza igice gishya cyigihugu, aho umunyapolitiki ukiri muto yerekanye ibitekerezo byinshi bigenda.
Ku ngoma ya Pedro Agirre Sedre Salvador yari Minisitiri w'ubuzima kandi agera ku kugabanuka mu rupfu rupfa mu gutegura imiti mu gutegura itanga imiti. Raporo zayo kuri serivisi z'amenyo no kurwanya indwara zamazi zatumye abantu barushaho gukangurira abantu benshi.
Mu 1943, muri Allende yabaye Umusenateri mu ntara nyinshi, ndetse n'Umunyamabanga mukuru w'Umunyamabanga w'ishyaka, icyo gihe "imbere y'abantu" yari yagiye. Yahoraga yitabira amatora, arwanya Abakomunisiti, kandi bakoresheje uruhare rwa politiki, yatsinze amajwi menshi.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1940, kubera ihuriro ry'abasosiyalisiti bafite imirasire, abanyapolitiki basize abahoze bashyigikiye abahoze bashyigikiye kandi bakusanya abantu bashya. Yegereye imigendekere y'ibumoso, yashizeho umuryango "ibikorwa bya rubanda" ndetse n'ingabo nshya yakubise mu nyanja y'irari ry'abadepite.
Kuva mu 1952, Koresnda yarwaniye intebe ya perezida, ariko inshuro eshatu yatakaje abandi bahigisi kandi amaherezo yerekeza muri Sena. Yahuye na che Gewar na umuyobozi wa Venezuwela Romulo Betankur, na we yitabira inama y'umuryango w'ibihugu bya Afurika.
Mu myaka ya za 70, Salvador yaje kumwenyura asahura, kandi intsinzi ye yari urugero rwo gushyiraho demokarasi mu buryo bw'amahoro. Umuyobozi mushya yasezeranije abantu, bazategeka neza, bazirikana igitekerezo cya gatatu kandi nta gushidikanya ko bakurikiza amategeko.
Ibikorwa bya mbere bya Allende bireba politiki y'imbere muri Leta kandi yari igamije kwimurwa mu mibanilisiti hakurikira urugero rwa USSR. Kugerageza kugarura ubukungu bwa Falnial, umunyapolitiki yateganyaga guhagarika ibiciro, kimwe no kongera umushahara no korongera umushahara no gukora ivugurura mu turere tutari bake.
Sosiyete mpuzamahanga ntiyigeze yemeza ibikorwa bya Perezida mushya wa Chili, no gushaka inkunga no gusobanukirwa byagombaga kwiyambaza abo mukorana i Moscou. Arahuza kandi na Fidel Castro, umuyobozi w'impinduramatwara ya Cuba, kandi atuma ibintu byose bishoboka kubera iterambere ry'igihugu cye kavukire.
Kubwamahirwe, impinduka zatumye habaho ingaruka zidasubirwaho mu bijyanye na politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, kandi guverinoma y'Abanyamerika ya Richard Nixon yatangaje ko Leta nyafurika ya boycott. Mubyukuri, ikibazo cyubukungu cyaje, cyateje imbere isoko ryirabura, kandi ryirukanywe abigaragambyaga abantu ba Chilean mumihanda.
Imyigaragambyo myinshi y'abakozi b'imiryango y'ingenzi y'inganda zatangiye, kandi Allende yahatiwe gusesa abaminisitiri kandi yitabaza ubufasha bw'ingabo. Abajenerali b'ingabo bakiriye imyanya mu bidukikije hashyizweho, kandi ubu buryo bwigeze guhagarika imvururu.
Icyakora, mu myaka ya za 1973, igihugu cyigabanyijemo inkaga 2, zirimo abaterankunga ba perezida n'abatavuga rumwe n'ivugurura rye. Iheruka gushyigikira guverinoma ya Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika yarimo yitegura gufata imbaraga mu gisirikare kitemewe.
Urwego rw'abatishimiye ruyobowe na Kapiteni rusange Augusto Pnochent ntibyemereye referendum, bashoboye kubona imbaraga. Nyuma yo guhirika kwakirwa muri Kanama 1973, sisitemu yubusosiyasi yagenewe kugwa.
Urupfu
Ku ya 11 Nzeri 1973, abayobozi bagize impinduka muri Chili, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, umutegetsi wiyita yabaye Jenerali Agusto Pnochet. Salvador Alende yapfiriye mu buryo bubabaje mu gihe cyo guhirika ubutegetsi, ariko impamvu nyazo n'imiterere y'urupfu ntiramenyekana.Dukurikije umwe mu banyarubuga, perezida yarashwe n'umuntu uturutse ku bashyigikiye guverinoma nshya, naho ku rundi, ahanini, yagabanije amanota afite ukuboko. Inzira imwe cyangwa irindi, umurambo washyinguwe nta mbuto mu irimbi, kandi kuva kera cyane cyane imva yigunze ntiyambitse ku musaraba cyangwa gukubita.
Mu 1990, nyuma yo kurekura firime zerekeye ubuzima bwa Allende, umuyobozi wa Chili Patricio Eylvin yahaye umwenda wa kure. Yategetse umuhango wo mu birori, umuyobozi wa politiki wiyubashye, aho abayobozi, abayobozi b'imiryango ndetse n'igisirikare bari bahari.
Kwibuka
- Salvador Avenue Ihuba muri Havana (Cuba)
- SALVADOR ALL GRAHAM MARD i Moscou (Uburusiya)
- Salvador All Umuhanda muri Havre (Ubufaransa)
- Kashe ya posita ya Ussr, GDR, Buligariya, Cuba, Hongiriya