Ubuzima
Arthur Clark, hamwe n'abanditsi Azek Azimov na Robert Harnin, yari ibihimbano bya siyansi bitatu "bya siyansi" nka nyiri ibihembo byinshi. Umwanditsi w'ubuhanzi n'ubunyamakuru yari umuhanga kandi wahimbye wagerageje kwiyongera ku mateka no guhanura ibyabaye mu binyejana bishya.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Arthur Charlez Clark Ubuzima bwatangiye mu Kuboza 1917 mu mujyi w'Ubwongereza yitwa Umuryango w'ibitabo, uherereye mu mbibi z'intara. Hanyuma ababyeyi bakodeshaga umurima mu mudugudu, abakire bakurura, kandi umuhungu akura mu bwisanzure, atazi ibikenewe, kwamburwa n'ibibazo.
Kuva mu gitondo, umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yazengurutse amashusho meza, asuzuma amabuye ku mihanda, ibiti, ibihuru n'indabyo. Ibitekerezo bye ku isi ku isi mbere yo kwinjira mu ishuri duhereye ku bitekerezo by'abakuze bize ntibyashimishije kandi byoroshye.
Icyiciro kikunzwe cyane Clark ni ubushakashatsi bwikirere bwijoro, bwarebwaga hejuru yinzu yabaga mubana. Mubihe bisobanutse, umuhungu wa contishetike yakomeje yibasiwe cyane cyangwa ngo arebe ko urunikiro rutarafungurwa.
Byongeye kandi, umwana yakusanyije amakarita yerekana dinosaurs yazimye, hanyuma atangira gukusanya ibisigazwa biboneka mu mirima n'amashyamba. Kubera ibintu, buri gihe byuzuza banki yingurube, Arthur yakoresheje ubutware murungano kandi akiri muto ntabwo yabuze inshuti.
Ingingo zinyongera zamamare zamamaye zazanye ishyaka ryibihimbano, kuko umuhungu yari azi ko byoroshye gusubiramo ibyo yasomye ejobundi. Ababyeyi babonye ibi, batangiye kwandika ikinyamakuru nkuru gitangaje, aho abanditsi nka Herbert andst na Austin bacapwe.
Nyuma yigitabo, Olaf Staplendon "Abantu ba nyuma kandi ba mbere" bagaragaje ibitabo bya Dawidi Lasster, bizwi cyane muri 1930. Umuhungu yatwawe nibyabaye ibihimbano byaremwe nabanyamerika bafite impano, kandi batekereza kubyerekeye indege ku zindi galagisi kurubuga rwinshi.
Urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutware w'umuryango wahungiye mu ijuru ku isi, maze ahitamo kurangiza ishuri kugira ngo ashyigikire neza nyina mu gihe kizaza. Ariko igihe kirahuje igihombo cyarazimiye, yinjiye muri societe y'ubumenyi bw'ikirere kandi, aba umunyamirimo we, akomeza kwiyumvisha no kurota.
Kubwamahirwe, ubuzima bwo ku isi bwasabaga ubuhanga bw'umwuga uwo ari wo wose ufatika, naho Clark yagiye mu murwa mukuru w'Ubwongereza kugira ngo yinjire muri sosiyete y'abantu bakuru. Ariko, akora nk'umugenzuzi ushikamye, yabaye umunyamuryango wa societe y'igihugu, yari poropagande ikora n'ibitekerezo bya siyansi byateye imbere.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umaze kuba umuntu wabantu bakuze, Clark ntiyatekereje ku buzima bwe bwa mbere, kubera ko ibitekerezo byose bya sosiyete byakururaga intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Ariko muri 1950, Umwongereza yahuye numugore izina we yize ubwenge bwose bwigihugu.Umunyamerika Marilyn Mayfield yari umusore udasanzwe, nuko urukundo rw'umuyaga rwatangiye hagati ye na Arthur. Ibyumweru 3 nyuma yitariki ya mbere i New York, ubukwe bworoheje bwacuranzwe, kandi amakuru yerekeye imiterere yumwanditsi yahise yambuka inyanja.
Igihe kinini kubashyingiranywe ni ukwezi kwa buki muri Pennsylvania, aho Clark yakoraga ku gitabo gikurikira, kandi abatoranijwe bari bafite ibitekerezo byimisozi. Ariko rero uwanditse ibihimbano bya siyansi yishimiye cyane mubuhanga bwubuvanganzo, bwahagaritse gukoresha ibyiyumvo byambere kandi akakazana ubumwe bwumuryango.
Bamenyereye ko Arthur yashakaga kuba umubyeyi nyuma yo gushyingirwa, ariko byagaragaye ko bidashoboka kubera indwara yihariye ya Marylin. Abashakanye batandukanijwe n'amasezerano nta gusiganwa n'imikorere, kandi umwanditsi yari mu ruziga rw'ubuzima bwigunze kugeza imperuka.
Ibitabo
Kurema ubuvanganzo hamwe na siyanse byari igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwa Clark. Yabaye umwanditsi w'imirimo irenga ibiri yazanye kumenyekana n'ibihembo. Isubiramo ryerekeye inkuru ya mbere "Lazeke", yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi, yabaye ibihembo bya mbere kandi bifite agaciro ku bikorwa byashyize mu bikorwa.
Mubikorwa byakurikiyeho byabonetse nabanditsi basohotse ibihimbano bya siyanse, Arthur yafashe umwanzuro ku buryo atangira gusukurwa n'ubuhanga. Kugera ku bicuruzwa byagaragaye mu mashuri "Isi", "Impera z'ubwana", "umukungugu wukwezi", "Umujyi n'inyenyeri", kimwe n '"ubujyakuzimu.
Mu gitabo cya siyansi "ibiranga ejo hazaza" ibihimbano byateguwe n'amategeko ya Clark, wakurikizaga ibikorwa byabo mu myaka icumi. Bakoreshwaga mu kurema ibitabo, mu kurasa kw'igitaramo n'abanzi no gushyiraho ibibazo by'ingenzi, byabaye nyuma y'igisubizo.
Muri 50, ibihimbano bya siyanse hamwe n'incuti ye byatuye ku butaka bwa Sri Lanka, aho yari akora icyaha mu kwibira no gukora ubushakashatsi mu mazi. Nyuma, isobanura imyuga muburyo bushimishije kandi bwumvikana, Clark yashushanyijeho amashusho menshi kubasomyi.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1960, isi yose yavuze iby'Abongereza nyuma ya COSCECEY COSCECY, yashyize ahagaragara Stanley KUBRIK mubuzima. Intsinzi yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, yabonetse n'Umuyobozi, Tint ya Filozofiya, yahumekeye umwanditsi kwizera, ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza n'icyizere.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, umurimo wagaragazaga amateka yabantu byari bishingiye ku cyiciro cy'ubuvanganzo kigizwe n'ibitabo bine. Hanyuma ibitabo byurukurikirane rushya "Itariki hamwe na Frame" n "" Ubusitani bwa RAMA "bwagaragaye, kwandika icyongereza byahaye amasaha amagana.
Mu myaka icumi y'urupfu, kubera kurenga imirimo y'umubiri, Arthur yitabaje ubufasha bw'abandi banditsi igihe bakora imirimo myinshi. Bibliografiya ye yazumijwe n'ibitabo by '"Shoror Shorm" n' "amaso y'izuba", yarekuwe mu Bwongereza na Amerika mu kigero cya 2000.
Urupfu
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Clark yagabanutseho, nuko yari umunyururu mu kagare k'abamugaye mu myaka yashize. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, umuhanga n'umwanditsi bamenyesheje cyane na bagenzi benshi nuburyo umwana yishimye mugihe abantu batekerezaga ko bashiraho interineti.Muri 2000, umuyoboro wagaragaye kandi ifoto nifoto yerekana Arthur, yeguriwe ibintu byingenzi no gutangaza imirimo mishya. Mubyinjira byanyuma, umugabo yashubije abafana nabagabo bahuje ibitekerezo, kuko yumvaga ko ibisubizo bitangaje bizaza vuba.
Ku ya 19 Werurwe 2008, icyateye urupfu rwa Arthur Clark niho watsinzwe na sisitemu y'ubuhumekero, byateje syndrome ya nyuma y'ikirenga. Abagize umuryango, inshuti n'abavandimwe baguruka mu karere ka Sri Lanka kugira ngo byubahe kwibuka icyongereza kinini kandi bitabira umuhango wo gushyingura.
Bibliografiya
- 1951 - "ITANGAZO MU BIKORWA"
- 1953 - "Iherezo ry'ubwana"
- 1975 - Ingoma yisi "
- 1986 - "Indirimbo ndende"
- 1990 - "Umuzimu wa Goligan"
- 1993 - "Nyumwe y'Uwiteka"
Cycle "Umwanya Odyssey"
- 1968 - "2001: Umwanya Odyssey"
- 1982 - "2010: Odyssey bibiri"
- 1987 - "2061: Odyssey batatu"
- 1997 - "3001: Odyssey ya nyuma"
Cycle "rama"
- 1973 - "Itariki Nkuruka"
- 1989 - "RAMA-2"
- 1991 - "Frace Ubusitani"
- 1993 - "RAMA Umuhondo"