Ubuzima
John Milton mu Cyongereza, nka Alexander Fushkin mu kirusiya, ni umusizi ukomeye kandi utekereza ko agezeho ni ntagereranywa. Ubuzima bwe no guhanga kwatugaragajwe mu buryo bwa politiki mu Bwongereza: Yatangiye ari igikoma cya gipamba, ndangije impumyi n'impumyi, ariko uzwi cyane mu Burayi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umusizi wavutse ku ya 9 Ukuboza 1608 i Londres, umutima w'Ubwongereza, mu ihuriro ry'uwahimbye John Milton na Sarah Jeffrey.
Amafaranga yinjira mu muziki yemereye John Milton kugira ngo akoreshe umurezi mwiza wihariye mu mujyi wa Thomas yang, shobuja wa kaminuza ya St. Andrews ya St. Andrews, Petbyterian. Bikekwa ko bitemekirwa neza na we umurimo wa John Milton - Umuto nagiye mu nzira y'ubusazi bw'amadini.
Siyanse yibanze John Milton Comound mu ishuri rya St Paul i Londres. Hanyuma yinjira muri kaminuza ya Kristo muri Cambridge, yarangije mu 1629 mu mwanya wa 4 mu mwanya wa 4 mu banyeshuri 24 beza.
Inyigisho yahawe John Milton, ntabwo ari ingorabahiri yemejwe n'amagambo ya murumuna we Christopher:
"Yashingiranye cyane, yagumye inyuma y'ibitabo - kugeza saa sita z'ijoro, hanyuma nijoro."Ikigaragara ni uko bitarenze imyaka, umusizi wa Erudite ntiyari yihariye gusobanukirwa n'impaka zijyanye n'insanganyamatsiko zeure, gusesengura ibyo bahatiwe kuri rotoric. Mu rwego rwo gutsinda ibirango, John Milton yatangiye guhimba ibisigo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1642, Mariya Powell yabaye umugore we John Milton. Yagerageje inshuro nyinshi kubabyeyi be, ikibabaje nuko kwihanganira Gradi yateguwe: itandukaniro riri hagati yabashakanye ni imyaka 17.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gushyingirwa Mariya yibarutse abana bane - Anna (7 Nyakanga 1646), Mariya (ku ya 16 Ukwakira, 1658) na Debora (2 Gicurasi 1652. R.). Imana zanyuma nticyatsinzwe, kandi ku ya 5 Gicurasi 1652, Mariya Powell yavuye ku isi yo kubaho.
Umuhungu wa John Milton yapfuye akiri muto. Abakobwa babayeho gukura, ariko umusizi ntashobora gushyiraho umubano ususurutse nabo.
Catherine Woodkok, wabaye umugore wa John Milton ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1656, na we yasenye icyifuzo cyo kubyara. Uwahohotewe yari impfabusa: umugore yapfuye ku ya 3 Gashyantare 1658, umukobwa we wavutse Catherine ni nyuma y'amezi 4 gusa.
Ku ya 24 Gashyantare 1663, John Milton yasanze Elizabeth Minshall - "Umugore wa gatatu kandi mwiza", nk'uko bigaragara mu nzu i Manchester, aho abashakanye babaga. Nubwo itandukaniro mumyaka 31, ubukwe bwaje guhinduka kandi bamara imyaka irenga 12, kugeza ku rupfu rwumusizi.
Filozofiya no guhanga
Igikorwa kizwi cyane mubikorwa bya John Milton ni igisigo "cyatakaje paradizo" (1667). Abahanga mu by'amateka ba none b'Ubwongereza n'ururimi rw'icyongereza bavuga ko ari kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye by'ubuvanganzo byaremwe.
Igisigo mu gitabo cya 12 John Milton yanditse kuva 1658 kugeza 1664 yeguriwe kwamburwa umubiri. Hagati yumugambi - Imana na satani baramurwanya, amateka yo kurema Adamu na Eva.
Abo mu gihe (urugero, Daniel Defo) Yanenze ibitekerezo bya John Milton kandi birakabije cyane kubera ibitekerezo bye ku idini na politiki. Abasigo bakubiswe cyane muri "Iparadizo Yatakaye".
Kurugero, muri kimwe mubitabo Adamu, ashaka gucungura ibyaha, atekereza kubaka ibicaniro amagana kugirango asenge Imana. Archangel Mikhail asobanura iyambere, ibyo bintu bifatika ntibizafasha kumva ukuhaba kwa Nyagasani. Muyandi magambo, John Milton aramagana icyifuzo kiriho cyo kwizera kwizera kutabera Imana, ahubwo ni mumabuye yamabuye.
Abanzi banenze John Milton, baravuga bati: Mubyukuri Pantheon na Katedrali ya Mutagatifu Peter i Roma nayo nigaragaza gusenga ibigirwamana, ntabwo bifitanye isano no kwizera.
John Milton rwose yahagaritse igihe cye. Umwe mu ba mbere, yatangiye gutongana ku bashakanye no gutandukana nta byinshi mu itorero. Urebye amateka ya Adamu na Eva, yari mu mbogo mbonezamubano, ariko atari ubumwe bwo mu ijuru, umusizi yavuze ko: Gushyingirwa ni amasezerano yasojwe hagati y'umugabo n'umugore. John Milton yitaye cyane ku rwego rwo kubanganywa kw'ababuranyi haba mu baburanyi haba mu gushyingirwa no gutandukana.
John Milton yarakomeje igisigo cya "John Milton cyatakaje muri" Paradizo Yagaruye "yagaruye (1671). Iki gihe kiri hagati yumugambi - Yesu Kristo, ugaragara ngo ahangane n'ibishuko bya Satani kuruta Adamu na Eva. Mu gusobanukirwa umusizi, Umwana w'Imana ni urugero rwumuturage mwiza: Nubwo isi ikikije isi hamwe na politiki igoye, akomeza kuba umwizerwa ku mahame yayo kandi yirinda kugwa.
Umugabane w'intare wo mu mirimo ya John Milton urimo igitekerezo cy'Imana, ariko hariho bibiby hamwe na politiki ya politiki gusa. Abamamaye cyane ni "Areopagitika" (1644). Muri uyu murimo, umusizi ahagaze ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga no gukanda.
"AristoPititika" Kunegura biterwa n'ikimwagu Cyemezo by'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya 1643 ku ntangiriro yo kugenzura ibanziriza. John Milton avuga ko iyi myitozo itakoreshejwe no mu bihe bya kera: mu Bugereki na Roma, ndetse n'amasomo y'abasazi yakoreshejwe muri sosiyete, kandi ntabwo "yatwitse".
John Milton kandi abona ko urugamba rw'abatwara ukuri n'abanditsi ntazakosora ibintu muri sosiyete: kurandura abanditse kuri ruswa bitazadufasha kurandura ruswa ubwayo.
Nkumuntu ubwumvikane, John Milton arasaba kudatangaho kugenzura igenzura ryibanze, ahubwo ni intangiriro yo kwerekana amakuru yerekeye umwanditsi no mubwiriza mu bitabo kugira ngo yinjire mu mucyo wo gusebanya cyangwa gutukana, icyaha gishobora guhanwa.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko "Areopagitika" atigeze yemera Inteko Ishinga Amategeko guhagarika icyemezo ku butegetsi bw'abanza. Mubyukuri, ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga bwahagaritswe kugeza 1695.
Usibye izo mirimo ngero, John Milton yasize imivugo amagana (icyamamare cyane - "imivugo y'impanga" "isekeje" na "dimenike nyinshi. Nubwo isi izi John Milton nk'umusizi, imirimo yabo myinshi yahimbye muri prose.
Urupfu
Impamvu y'urupfu rwa John Milton yatsinzwe. Indwara yatangiye kubabaza umusizi mu 1660, irangira gusa ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 1674. Umurambo watwitse mu itorero rya Beti-gile ifuriza i Londres. Mu 1793, imva yashushanyije urwibutso rwakozwe na John bacon.
Imirongo icumi ishize, ubuzima bwe, John Milton yakoresheje mubukene kandi afite ubwoba bwo gufatwa kubitekerezo bishya.