Ubuzima
Filipo wa II yabaye umuntu wasinyiye mu mateka y'Uburusiya. Kuba umwepiskopi w'itorero ry'Uburusiya, Metropolitan ya Moscou no mu Burusiya yose, yamaganye Okrichnin muri Ivan Grozny, urebye ko bitemewe mu buyu bw'umwami. Mubuzima bwe, umugabo yashoboye gukora ibyaha byiza kuruta uko yari akwiriye kuba icyamamare nicyubahiro mubantu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Kubyerekeye ubwana muri biografiya ya Mutagatifu Mutagatifu. Akivuka ku ya 11 Gashyantare 1507, yatwaga Fordor Stepanovich Koltchev. Ababyeyi b'umuhungu bari abakera.
Mama yigishije umuhungu we kuba mu bubasha bwa gikristo. Umwana yize impamyabumenyi y'Ibyanditswe Byera, kandi yari azi kandi uburyo bwo guhangana n'intwaro, kugenda. Ariko kuva hakiri kare, ibibazo byifashe nabi ntabwo bigamije ubumenyi bwa gisirikare, ahubwo ni ugusenga no gusoma ibitabo.
Munsi yimyaka 30, Fyodor Stepanovich yakoreraga mu gikari cyumutware Vasily III. Mu 1537, abantu bo mu bwoko bw'umusore bashyigikiwe na Andrei Storitsky, wazamuye imvururu muri Novgorod kuri Elena Glinsky, nyina w'umwami wazanga. Gutotezwa byatangiriye kuri Koltchev, benshi baricwa. Kugira ngo wirinde urupfu, Fromater yavuye mu murwa mukuru.
Minisiteri na feat
Nyuma ya Moscou, uwo mugabo ageze ku moko ya solovetsky, aho yabaye umurwango. Bonar iri kuri par hamwe nizindi yaka inkwi, gucukura isi. Nyuma yimyaka 1.5, Alexy Igumen Teeh Fyeri mubihayimana, atanga izina rya Filipo. Nkumujyanama wumwuka, umusaza wa ion Chamimine yarakozwe. Mu 1548, Alexy yanze San kubera ubusaza maze yita uzasimbura Filipo.Nyuma y'amatora ya Igumen mushya wa Solovesky Koltchev koltichev yazamuye byinshi mubuzima bwumuryango. Rero, mu buyobozi bwe, bubatswe mu bikenerwa mu by'ubukungu n'inganda, Urusyo, Cathedrali ya Uspensky na Ikwirakwizwa. Erega abihayimana bakoze selile n ibitaro. Byongeye kandi, inzogera zatangiye gukoresha inzogera.
Kandi Filipo yababajwe muri katedrali ya mbere ya mbere yo gucika inkota zosima na savvatiya. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya buri kimwe mu bitekerezo byanditswe, kandi Umwami Ivan Grozny yohereza inyandiko 2 kuri crayfish yabo. Agumen yakunze gukurwa mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana mu butayu gusenga. Hariho umugani uwo munsi umwe hari Umukiza mu ikamba rya Tern. Aha hantu, haravuka isoko, aho kolhev yaje gushyiraho shapeli.
Mu gihe cyo gushaka umugabo mu rwego rw'Umuyobozi, umubare w'impano ku kigo cy'abihaye Imana wariyongereye. Rero, ivan iv yerekanye umubare munini wubutaka, yemereye ubucuruzi bwumunyu. Yoherejwe hano hamwe nibikoresho byitorero bifite agaciro. Mu 1551, Filipo yitabiriye Katedali mugenzi we, aho yakuye ubushuhe bw'itorero ryiza.
Igihe cyo gutora kwa Metcow Metropolitan byari bikwiye. Mu gihe uwasabye umuyobozi, yinjiye mu magambo ya Grozny, kuko ntabwo nemeye politiki y'umwami. Mu 1566, Ivan IV yiswe Philip Kolchev kugera Moscou kandi atanga igitekerezo cyemera San.
Yavuze ko azemera ibi nyuma yo kurimbuka kwa Okrichnina. Umwami ntiyari kujya ku byerekeye Igumen, kandi igereranya rye ryahawe kumvisha Fhodor Stepanovich kugira ngo itange umutegetsi.
Mu rwego rushya, umugabo yashakaga kwigana ishusho ya metropolitan Makaria, wagendaga azira ubwami. Mu gutanga Filipo, nta diyosezi ya Moscow gusa, ahubwo yari n'itorero ry'Uburusiya. Igihe cyo gukora umurimo we cyagaragaye no kugabanuka kubari mu murwa mukuru, ndetse no guteza imbere typografiya. Ibintu byarahindutse mu 1568, mu mpera za interineti ya Livoniya.
Kuva ku ruhande rw'umwami, igiterane gishya cyatangiye, kwica imbaga rusange. Ibirori byatumye habaho amakimbirane hagati y'abapadiri bateye ubwoba kandi b'Abarusiya. Koltchev akomeza kubahiriza igitekerezo cyo kwemererwa kwa Operichnin. Nyuma ya kimwe cya Liturugy Ivan Ivan, kuza gusengera, abaza Filipo ku migisha. Yigiraga ko atabonye umutegetsi. Iki gikorwa cya Metropolitan cyateje uburakari bw'umwami.
Bukeye, byinshi mu bidukikije bya Koltchev biciwe, iyicarubozo ryateguwe kugira ngo tugere ku rwego rwo kumenyekana ku "gahunda" y'Abarusiya yo kurwanya iteye ubwoba. FYIODOR Stepanovich yavuye mu murwa mukuru. Bidatinze, Komisiyo yageze mu moko ya solovetsky gukusanya "abashinja" kurwanya abahoze ari Hegumen.
Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 1568, mu murimo wa minisiteri ya Feer Stepanovich mu rusengero rwa Kremlin rwo kwibwira Ferisor Basmanov yatangaje ko kwamburwa Mena. Urukiko rw'itorero rwabereye Filipo. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu nama, umugabo yarafashwe afunzwe by'agabana n'abihaye Imana. Amakuru yanditse arabitswe, yerekana ko grozny yashakaga gutwika koltchev. Birashoboka cyane ko abayobozi b'amadini bashinjwaga ubupfumu.
Ariko, abahagarariye abayobozi b'amadini bemeje umutegetsi. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, umusaza yazanwe i Moscou kugira ngo itange igihano cya nyuma - umwanzuro w'iteka. Ahantu ho gufungwa by'agateganyo ni imyogo ya Nikola.
Urupfu
Nyuma, Filipo yajyanywe mu bunyage muri tver ored monasiteri. Mu 1569, Ivan IV yatangiye kwitegura kwiyamamaza novorod. Kuko umugisha w'ingabo, umwami yohereje kuri Skuriratov yashojwe. Amakuru amwe avuga ko umupadiri yanze gusohoza icyifuzo cy'umutegetsi, kandi igituza cyamucinnye.
Abbot yo mu kigo cy'abicanyi yavuze ko umusaza yapfuye, kuko yari ashyushye cyane muri kasho. Abahanga mu by'amateka bahunze ko iyicwa ry'abahoze ari Metropolitan yari ikimenyetso cy'ibanga cya Grozny. Skiratov ntishobora gukora amahano nkuyu abigambiriye, hanyuma nyuma yo gukomeza kudahanwa.
Iburengerazuba
Mu 1591, nyuma yimyaka myinshi nyuma y'urupfu rwa Filipo wa II, imbaraga ze zashyinguwe muri katedrali ya mbere ya Preobrazhensky ya Moovesky Moolovesky. Muri icyo gihe, uwambere muzima kw'abayobozi b'amadini aragaragara, kandi umunsi w'icyubahiro nkuko uwera witwa 9 Mutarama. Mu mpeshyi ya 1646, Alexey Mikhaigh, selime Joseph yohereje ubuturo bw'agateganyo n'uwahoze ari Moscolitan, muri kanseri yose mu gufunga neza.Muri 1650 Ivan Koltchev yatanze ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cy'igituba kuri kanseri ya mwene wabo. Hamwe n'intego imwe, Pokrov yoherejwe hano, yashizweho mumahugurwa ya Evdokia Stretrenne. Nyuma yimyaka 2, umwami ategeka ko hatagatifu i Moscou. Abakurambere Nikon bahageze mugihe cyibisigisigi. Bisabwe n'abakozi baho, yasize igice cy'ibice i Solovki, andi nyungu hamwe na we kugeza ku murwa mukuru.
Mu nzira yose, intumwa Alexei Mikhaich yagumanye na kanseri mu nsengero kandi hamwe n'ibiganiro byinshi by'abizera harimo amasengesho. I Moscou, mugihe cyo kugaruka kwa Nikon hamwe na Nikon ufite agaciro "imizigo". Muri Nyakanga 1952, kanseri yashyizeho katedrali. Hejuru yimva yashyizwe ishusho hamwe na Deesus.
Philip II mu muco
Ishusho yumutagatifu wa Moscou yavuzwe inshuro nyinshi mumuco. Rero, mu nyandiko y'Igitabo, Alexei KonStantinovich Tolsice Ifeza, indirimbo ivuga iyo ndirimbo ivuga ku iyicwa rya Philip Malya Skarev. Yury Nagina "urugendo rwibirwa" atangiza abasomyi imyaka ya nyuma yubuzima bwa Fyodor Stepanovich mu gihe cy'abigombo, mbere yuko aba metropolitan.
Kamere ya Kolchev yagaragaye muri sinema. Ishusho ya metropolitan igaragara muri firime 1944 "Ivan Grozny" Umuyobozi Sergei eisenstein. Ishusho ya Pavel Lungin "Tsar" ivuga ibyerekeye guhangana nabayobozi b'amadini n'Umutegetsi w'Uburusiya. Ishusho ya Mutagatifu no gushushanya iragaragara. Kurugero, mumashusho ya Nikolai Nereva, Alexander Litovchenko.