Amateka y'inyuguti
Pulchinell ni inyuguti idasobanutse yumuhanda Umutaliyani wo mu Burakari Del Arte. Uyu munsi yabaye ikimenyetso cyumuco wa ntacoma, uva muri theatre yumuhanda mu zindi nganda z'ubuhanzi. Intwari ya Belk yagerageje ku mashusho menshi n'ibiranga byagaragaye kuri stage Raffaele Viviani, Antonio Petito, Eduardo de Filippo.Amateka yo kurema imico
Mask ya Pulchinell yagaragaye kuri stage arangije ku iherezo ry'undi bahagarariye Quartet - Scamolucci, Tartalia na Covello. Kubijyanye no kubanza kwayo, ibitekerezo byinshi bikurikiranwa hano. Abahanga mu bahanga mu butegetsi n'abanditsi benshi, barimo Algecht Dietrich, bavuze ko yabyaye ishusho ya jering ya kera y'Abaroma wa Makkus.
Iyi verisiyo yatewe inkunga nubusa bwurubuga rwinyuguti ebyiri - imyambarire yabo nubwoko bwimibare. Pulchinell yagaragaye mu gice kimwe cy'Ubutaliyani, aho hashize imyaka ibihumbi 1.5, urwekari yavutse afite uruhare rwa Makcus. Ariko, urubanza nkurwo ntirufite ibimenyetso byizewe.
Undi hypothesis ifatika kandi ikwiranye ningira irangiye XVI. Mask yagaragaye mu majyepfo y'Ubutaliyani, igihe yari mu majyaruguru ya Del Arte yagizwe imyaka 30. Kubera iyo mpamvu, archetypes n'amashusho nanone bizwi ahabereye igihembwe cyo mu majyepfo.
Byongeye kandi, byari ngombwa gutanga uburyo bwo guhatanira abahagarariye abahinzi nka bagenzi bo mu majyaruguru - Harlequin na Brighella. Pulchinell yagaragaye - umuhinzi, akazi cyangwa umukozi. Ibiranga abaturage bo mu majyepfo, hano kubera kwitiranya kwa Plebeziya bitemba kubyerekeye ubuziranenge bw'agato w'abibuja nyako batagomba kuvuga. Kubwibyo, imico yaje igihe kirekire kandi yahinduwe bitewe numusaruro.
Izina rya mask risobanurwa mu Butaliyani nk '"inkoko". Isano hamwe ninkoko ubwayo muburyo burebure, nkimizi, izuru, cyangwa scallop.
Umuseke wa somen del arte, intwari yabonye ikora solo - alveries. Yabaye inkoni yo gukina, asobanura insanganyamatsiko ye nyamukuru. Igishimishije, isura ye, imico nibihego bishobora gutandukana cyane, ariko nibi ntibigeze byemerera gusobanura isano na Neapolitan Prasur.
Rero, imigenzo ya Theatre yo mumuhanda ntirwahagaritswe, kandi ibyamamare bya Badiyani Balagen amwemerera kubaho uyu munsi.
Ishusho na biografiya ya pulchinell
Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri biografiya yimiterere yashyikirije umuturage uzwi cyane Galliani. Inkuru yinyongera itangirana no kuba abakinnyi bo muri somen del arte basubiye nyuma yo kwerekana umujyi wa Naples. Mu nzira bahuye n'abahinzi bakoraga ku mizabibu. Abakozi bananiwe bahisemo gukora, batangaga itsinda rya theatical.Abakinnyi ntibagumye ku madeni, cyane ko inkota yo mu magambo arizo bumvise ababigize umwuga. Abahinzi bacecetse buhoro, ntibashobora kurwanya ba shebuja. Ariko muri bo harimo umusore umwe ukiri muto watanze epithets n'imivumo idahagarara.
Abanyenyabishinyagutsa bakubise impano nk'iyo maze bahitamo kumutumira ubwabo muri troupe. Umusore witwa puchcho d'eello ntabwo yanze. Kandi bidatinze gufata kimwe mu mwanya wa mbere mu mezi. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, artte artte yakomeje kuba mask, yitwaga Pulichinell.
Nta bishimishije ni ubwihindurize bwishusho. Umutungo wunganira wakoze nkumusirikare, kandi nkumujura, kandi nkumucuruzi. Ibiranga iyinziriza imiterere ye - haba ubupfu cyangwa amayeri. Kuva ku ngeso mbi, gluttony nubunebwe biratandukanye.
Andrea Perichchi, Uwakusanyije Kode Eel Arte, yashimangiye ko ishusho ya pulcinell igomba kuba ifitanye isano gusa nubuswa. Abahanzi bagerageje kwerekana uruhare rwintwari yubwenge cyangwa amayeri banegura ibintu bikomeye.
Abaturage bitwaje nk'imico ibiri yo kutemera, kumva ibinyoma. Kubwibyo, muri Del Arte yatangiye kwirinda kugerageza gushyira ibitekerezo bya balagono. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa comedi, iyi mico yasubiye kuri byinshi.
Bwa mbere, intwari yagaragaye kumuhanda wa Naples mumashanyarazi - ipantaro yera, ibara rimwe ryishati hamwe ninzitizi yijimye. Mu maso habaye mask hamwe n'izuru ryagutse. Nyuma, Balar yazamutse igifu kandi asukuye. Iheruka ryagenwe kubera akamenyero ko kunama igihe yagonzwe nabarizo bonyine.
Mu gihe cyo gushaka, imico yari kalaki wahamagaye, ubwoko bw'abaririmbyi bo mu cyiciro cy'abakozi. Umugore we, akenshi, yakunze kwigisha amahembe. Kubwibyo, umugabo yerekanye ko afite ishyari ndetse na Tyran. Akenshi yavugije induru, arwana kandi yinubira. Ubuzima bwe ntibwutishimiye, kandi ibintu byari bikabije numubare munini wabana bafite inzara kandi bakunze kurira.
Pulchinell mu muco
Pulcinell irakunzwe nka Harlequin, kandi atari mu Butaliyani gusa, ahubwo kwisi yose. Ibi bikurikiranwa cyane cyane mubitabo, aho intwari yakunze kuba umugani muburyo bwumusirikare ufite izuru ryoroheje cyangwa igipupe cyibiti.
Mubuhanzi bugaragara, abahanzi babonye mu bahinzi-urwenya ntabwo ari mask nyinshi nk'umuntu muzima. Pierre Leoni Gezi yashyizeho urukurikirane rw'ibishushanyo hamwe nishusho yimiterere yatangije ibibanza byinshi. Kurugero, yigisha abana, yandika Isezerano, arwaye cyangwa ahita abona ubutunzi.
Alessandro Mofona yanditse kugirango ategeka amashusho menshi, aho imico nyamukuru yacunga gitari, igendera ku ndogobe. Canvas yitwa "igitaramo cya Pulchineella" cyumvikana "imbyino ya colombina". Mburabuzi n'Ubukene, bifitanye isano n'imiterere minini y'imiterere, umuhanzi yerekanaga muri "pulcinell ya saa sita", aho umutware w'imiryango myinshi arya Pasta macaroni.
Mu 1920, Premiere ya Ballet ya Igor Stravinsky yabaye muri Grand Opra Paris. Hagati yumugambi - JERPER, aho abakobwa ba Dr., rosect nabashishozi bakundana. N'amateka y'imiterere nyamukuru yatijwe muri Neapolique yandikishijwe intoki ya 1700. Ikinyejana nyuma yo kurekura imikorere, ikibanza cyakoze umuyobozi wa Ilya kibaho, kigaburira ballet rusange "Pulcinell: Umukino w'amakarita."
Mu mwaka wa 2012, hagati cyane ya Naples, iyi tsinda ry'intwari itasobanutse kandi rifite impaka nyinshi. Umwanditsi wigishusho ni Lello Escpotito. Umuyobozi w'akarere Luigi dedzhistis yavuze ko ubwo bumenyi busaba Abataliyani "batitanga", kandi anagaragaza kandi ibyabaye by'abaturage na filozofiya by'umujyi.
Umuhinzi-wumuhinzi -rozi balagar ballager watumye avuka kwivuza bitandukanye no kuri stage, no mubuhanzi bugaragara. Uyu munsi, iyi mico ya folklore yahindutse ikimenyetso cyamenyekanye na Naples. Ishusho yumutungo usekeje kandi utababara ukomeza kuba maso, ibipupe, amashusho, amashusho kumasahani nibindi bihuha-bifatika.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Abafaransa Polysinel n'icyongereza "" barakuze "bo mu Butaliyani balato.
- Ijwi rinyerera rya Jester kuva dester Abakinnyi ba Arde Amazu akoresheje ubufasha - igikoresho cyihariye muburyo bwa plaque ebyiri.
- Mu Inkoranyamagambo y'Ubutaliyani, iyi ntwari ahabwa ubusobanuro nk'iki: "Mask ya Neapolitan, ikintu kiranga ni ukubura imico."
Bibliografiya
- 1960 - "Indege ya Pulcorella"
- 1931 - "Abakinnyi b'imbaho"
- 2019 - "Ubuzima n'ibitekerezo bitangaje bya signora izwi cyane ya signora pulcorella kuva Naples"