Ubuzima
Umunyamakuru w'Ubutaliyani Rujsero Leonkallo azwi ku izina rya washinze Verism - uburyo bwo orchestre orchestre ikora ku buzima bw'abantu basanzwe. Mubikorwa byaremwe mubuzima bwose, abarangije serivisi za Neapolitan bashyize mubikorwa ibitekerezo bishya, bifite akamaro kumuziki.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Rujsero Leonkallo yavukiye mu byaro ku ya 23 Mata 1857 mu muryango, aho ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubuhanzi bwiza bwubatswe mu bihe bya kure. Abakurambere b'ejo hazaza barimo gushushanya no gushushanya, nuko umuhungu n'ababyeyi be bateguye uburyohe bwo gutanga ibitekerezo.
Data, arenga ku migenzo yo mu miryango, yahawe amashuri mu by'amategeko kandi akora mu rubingo rw'umwami ku biro n'umucamanza. Mama, nk'umugore w'ukuri w'Ubutaliyani, yishora mu rugo kandi yishimiye cyane ibyago bye.
Dukurikije amajwi yububiko, mu Gushyingo 1860, umukobwa waje kuwuhira hamwe na mushiki wamaraso yagaragaye mu muryango wa Leonkallo. Umwana yapfuye akiri muto mu birori byo kubatizwa, ndetse n'abagize izina igihe kirekire, buremerewe n'iki kibazo.
Rujereo w'imyaka itatu hamwe na nyina yohereje mu ntara ya Cosenz, batuye mu nzu y'ubucuzi ari mu misozi. Umuhungu yari afite amahirwe adasanzwe yo kwishimira ubwiza bwa kamere no kumenyana n'imigenzo ya kera y'abatuye uturere two mu majyepfo.
Mastro yaho Sebastian Ricci yabaye umwarimu wa mbere w'ejo hazaza, umugabo yamenyesheje umwana w'igihangana afite impano z'Uburayi. Ku yandi mashuri ajyanye n'uburwayi bwa muzika, Leonkallo yoherejwe kwa Naples mu ntangiriro ya 1870.
Mu rukuta rwa konserwatori yigihugu, umusore yize gucuranga piyano kandi yiga ibihimbano byibanze kurugero rwimirimo yimyaka yashize. Umunyeshuri yakoraga nka guverinoma mu myambato mu bakire, hanyuma, yishimye cyane, yinjira muri kaminuza ya Bologna.
Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse ya Bachelor, Rujero yishora mu kwandika ibyanditswe kandi bidatinze n'umugisha wa komisiyo idasanzwe yabaye umuganga wa siyansi ya afilologiya. Ubushakashatsi mu murima w'Abasizi bwari bugirira akamaro uwahimbye ejo hazaza, we ubwe yanditse imboga ya opera, yirinda serivisi z'abandi.
Mu busore bwe, Leonkallo yafatwaga nk'intoki buhebuje, yakoraga hamwe na Enrico Caruso n'umubare w'abaririmbyi bazwi. Umugani wa Piyano wazengurutse mu Burayi kandi rimwe na rimwe atanga amasomo yo kuririmba kugeza atangiye kwandika umuziki mu mpera za 1880.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuba icyamamare, kavukire ya Canaples yabonye villa mu Busuwisi, aho abahanzi bateraniye hamwe, abayobozi n'abahanzi ba Sinema. Mubuzima bwe bwite, hari abagore bafite amazina yabo yabuze uyumunsi, hanyuma umukobwa wa Berta agaragara, ahahoze ari uwahimbye icyarimwe.Igitaliyani ukomoka mu gihe kimaze kuba umugore wa Rujsero, uwumva bwa mbere imirimo hamwe n'umurinzi wagushizeho. Igihe Umuremyi wa Opera yapfa, we, akurikiza ubushake, ategekwa gushyingura umurambo muri Florence ku "Irembo ryera" irimbi.
Umuziki
Mu ntangiriro ya biography yo guhanga ya Leonkallo iyobowe na Richard Wagner yatangiye gukora kuri Opera ya mbere yiswe "Chatterton". Kubwamahirwe, akazi ntirwabonye imyumvire yabateze amatwi, kubera ko umwicanyi yanditse mu rurimi rugoye.
Utamenye amakosa atunganye, Rujsero yafashe igisigo cya Epic, ariko inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yo kurema intwari yijimye ntabwo yitwaye kuri theatrey. Umwanditsi yatekereje ku minsikojo hazaza yahisemo guhindura icyerekezo cya stilistic ahindukirira ibibanza byoroheje guhaguruka no gushyiraho imanza.
Mubikorwa byabahimbye byari bizwi cyane muri 90 byikinyejana cya XIX, bitwikiriye ibintu mubuzima bwabantu basanzwe. Abakoranyi batsinze mu mwuga wa Pietro Maskanya na Umwarto Jorrouu bakiri bato kavukire kuri Florence yabonye ibitekerezo bitera imbere.
Kugaragaza uburyo bushya byari ubushake bwa Opera "Schetza", byanditswe na Leonkallo bishingiye kubitekerezo nyabyo byaturutse mumyaka yabana. Amateka y'iyicwa ry'Umukinnyi wa Kiliyari mu gihe cyatanzwe mu ruhame yahaye umwanditsi ku isi hose kandi yigarurira umucyo w'umuco.
Ibihe byiza cyane byo gukora Arioso Kanio na Ariya ntabwo byakozwe nabaribari ari aeline schlele na fiorello zhiro. Uyu mugambi wakozwe ku mutima cyane, umwanditsi yarokotse umwanditsi igihe kirekire kandi akoreshwa inshuro nyinshi n'abayobozi muri sinema y'ubuhanzi ku isi.
Bamaze gufata umwanzuro wo gushimangira umwanya wabonye, Rujsero yakomeje kwandika umuziki maze ahabwa umuturage wa Opera "Bohem" mu 1897. Bitandukanye n'ibyiringiro, Abataliyani ntibyatinze ku byaremwe bishya kandi ntibyerekanye ko bubaha imirimo ikwiye.
Iyi mirimo itari yo niyo itera gukanda hamwe na gakomo pukom pukocini, watsinze rubanda hamwe na Opera "izwi cyane. Abanditsi icyarimwe bakoraga kubisobanura igitabo gikunzwe, ariko ninde uzaba uwambere kurangiza, ntabwo yari abizi neza.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, bibiri "Bohemiya" byagaragaye ku cyiciro cy'amakinamico yo mu Butaliyani, na Leonkallo mubyubahiro kugirango umuntu ahinduke izina. Izina "Ikilatini Quarper ubuzima" ntabwo ryahinduye iherezo ryakazi, kandi umwanditsi yicujije igihe cyatakaye, ariko ntigishobora kubisubiza inyuma.
Guhangana no gutenguha, Rujero yahinduwe nimpano zimwe na zimwe kandi arema akandi kazi, azwi ku izina rya "PIMI". Muri libretto, imivugo y'abasizi bazwi barimo kwigenga rero, bityo, umusaruro wateye imbere wemejwe mu Butaliyani no mu mahanga.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, "zaz" mushya, ariko ibice ku giti cyabo rimwe na rimwe biracika. Ibindi bikorwa bya "Gressies" na "Umwami Edipo", ntibyatumye butaragera ku cyubahiro cy'Ab "abasirikare" kandi ntabwo yishimiye urukundo rwa rubanda.
Igice kinini cyumurage wo guhanga cyumuhigo wumutaliyani wabaye piyano ukina na roboniste yanditse kubaririmbyi bazwi. Indirimbo "umuseke", cyangwa "matnat", yaremye isosiyete ya gramophone, yakoze Enrico Caruso mu ntangiriro ya 1900.
Urupfu
Mu myaka icumi ya mbere ya Xx, Rujsero yabaye muri Montecatini, yari ahari mu 1919 kubera impamvu zitazwi zerekeye urupfu rwe. Abavandimwe, abo mukorana n'abafana bageze mu muhango wo gushyingura, bavuzwe n'umubabaro ko Ubutaliyani bwatakaje impano z'abantu.Muri uwo muhango wo mu itorero ryaho, isengesho "Ave Maria" ryumvikanye, ndetse n'indirimbo zanditswe n'uwahimbye mu myaka ya za 1900. Imva ya Leonkallo yimukiye ku bayobozi ba Tuscany, maze Komini ya Brissago mu majyepfo y'Ubusuwisi yabaye aho umukungugu ubu uruhutse.
Akazi
- 1892 - "Bares"
- 1897 - "Bohemia"
- 1900 - "Zaz"
- 1900 - "Ubuzima bw'ibipupe"
- 1912 - "Gypsy"
- 1912 - "Umwamikazi muto wa Roza"
- 1920 - "Umwami Ede"