Ubuzima
Antonio Stradivari - Umuyobozi mukuru wo gukora igikoresho, Nikolo Amati, Nikolo Amatari yamwigishije, umuhanga wo muri 1600. Vialine zirenga 400 hamwe na cello yashyizwe mu ngororo ningoro ndangamurage no kubika imijyi yi Burayi na Aziya.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Antonio Stradivari yavukiye mu mujyi wa Cremona w'Ubutaliyani, itariki nyayo ya shebuja ifitanye isano n'amabanga y'ikinyejana cyashize. Bifatwa ko ubushobozi bwumuryango wabaturage bakize ba Lombardy babaye mugice cya kabiri cya 1640.
Izina ryaryo ryafashe Umutaliyani, rifite amateka akize, risobanurwa ngo "umuhanda" cyangwa "umuntu ufite Lombard." Dukurikije ubutaka, abakurambere bahamagaye na "Stradivarii" bakoraga ubucuruzi bwamahanga, bakurikiza amahame asanzwe.
Se wa nyina wa Atandro na Anna igihe yavukiye Antotio yabatijwe, azamurwa byibuze abana batatu. Icyuho kiri muri biografiya ya shobuja wa gucuranga ifitanye isano no gutakaza ibyangombwa byangiritse kubera ibyorezo, byatumye abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bapfiriye.
Ababyeyi b'umuhungu barokotse igihe cyagenwe bifuzaga mu bwana umwana ukora umurimo w'ingirakamaro. Umuhungu yahawe abimenyereza Umuremyi waho wa Villalins, nyuma yigihe runaka Nikolo Amati akora Antonio numunyeshuri.
Bamwe mu bashakashatsi ba kijyawe bizeraga ko umusore wajyanywe na Stradivari yatangiye hamwe na Francesco Rujerry, washinze ingoma ya Masters. Mugushyigikira iyi ngingo, ibikoresho bya muzika byatumye habaho ubwenge buzaza mu mpera za 1650 zigaragara.
Byongeye kandi, hari hypothesis ko Stradivari yakoranye numutirinzi hamwe nudutsinge ku giti, itakayijwe na vino ku bakire. Amaze kunyura mu gihe cyo kwitegura kuva muri Francesco Peparoli, umuhungu yaguye munsi y'ibaba ry'abarimu babigize umwuga bazwi muri Cremona.
Violins yakozwe na Antonio mu myaka 16-17 irabitswe, izina rye ryagaragaye ku bindi muri 1660. Iyi yari intangiriro yumwuga wigenga kandi yagize uruhare mu ntsinzi ikurikira mu ruziga rwa muzika y'Abataliyani.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mubuzima bwihariye bwa kavukire, amavuta yitabiriwe nabagore babiri. Umugore wa mbere yari Umutaliyani, mu rubyiruko rw'umupfakazi usigaye. Nyuma yubukwe hamwe nubufaransa Farraboshi muri 1667, Stradivari yabonye inzu ifite ibyumba byagutse namahugurwa.Inzu ya Casadel Pescatore atumije imbibi na Nikolo Amati, abana batanu bategerejwe kuva ku isi. Hanyuma, umugabo n'umugore bavutse undi mwana, akurikije inyandiko z'itorero, yapfuye afite imyaka irindwi.
Mu gace ka 1680, umuryango wimukiye i Piazza Roma mu isambu, na Antonio mu rugero rukomeye rw'umubeshyi w'imyaka 7. Muri atike, umugabo yaremye ibigo byasaze aho yakoraga kubikoresho isi ishima.
Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore wa mbere, tradivari yongeye gushaka, kuri Antonia Maria Zamballdi, nta kintu kizwi. Ishusho yumutaliyani wimyaka 35, kuba yubatse ubuzima bwumuntu, yagaragaye mumahigo, itangazamakuru na sinema.
Ubukwe bushya bwagejeje kuri Master of Geredari atanu abaragwa batandukanye, nk'uko ubushake bwe bubishaka, yari afite uburenganzira bumwe. Kubwamahirwe, abana ntibakomeje uru rubanza rw'Ubutaliyani, kuba abandi bantu b'ibihe byo gutsinda no kwizihiza.
Ubuhanga
Mu rubyiruko rwa Stradivari hamwe na Andrea Gvarnery, wabaga mu nzu Nikolo Amati kandi yari mu banyeshuri be. Antonio ashyira amabanga y'ubukorikori bw'abashikiriye ubwenegihugu bw'Ubutaliyani, Antonio yatangiye ubushakashatsi mu mpera za 1660.
Kuva kera, umusore yashutse igipimo afata ibikoresho kugirango atange ibikoresho byoroshye. Yashakaga abakiriya be mu banditswe no gutegereza ko banki, yigeze gutera icyuma mu mahugurwa.
Duhereye ku musaruro w'ibikoresho bigamije Yakov II, izina rya cream kavukire ryatangiye gushimangira no gukura. Kugenda muburyo bufatika nuburyo bwa Nikolo Amati byafashije Stradivari Ntugakorwe munzira ye yo guhanga.
Mu 1680, Duke Kazimo III de Mecissi yaguze icyiciro gikomeye cya Violins, Cello na Alto. Bitewe n'ibiti bisobanutse kandi bikabije cyane cyane, izina ry'Ubutaliyani ryamamaye mu bahagarariye uruziga rwo hejuru.
Mu rwego rwo gushimangira umwihariko, umutware yishimiye ibice byijimye kandi ahindura amagorofa maremare, ijwi rishya risimbutse. Nyuma ya 1698, ibikoresho byabaye bigufi bitewe n'imbere, bisa n'uruziga.
Igihe yari hagati y'umusaruro wa vino iherereye mu CHMENA, Stradivari yakoze inanga n'uruhererekane rwa mandoline na gitari. Ikigereranyo cya Espagne kizwi cyane muri "Royal Quintet" cyazanye amafaranga yimpano ahubwo ni amafaranga akomeye.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XVII, ubuhanga bwa Straduvari bwageze hejuru, no hafi y'inzu mu Chimona, yafunguye iduka rye. Yashishikarije ibikoresho byakiriye amazina yikigereranyo ya Antonius Stradivarius Cremonenfis Partiebat Anno - "ibihe byiza" na "dolphine".
Bitandukanye na Andrea Gvarnery, wakoze gusaba itorero, Antonio yakoze imirimo y'ubuhanzi kubahagarariye ibice byisi. Ishoferi yashushanyijeho ikirango cy'umwanditsi, yishimira cyane abantu batitaye kumuziki, mumijyi yi Burayi.
Gucirwa urubanza n'atangamakuru, ibikoresho bya Straduvari byagaragaje ko Umutaliyani yifashishije ubufasha bw'abahungu. Birazwi ko Omobono yakoze ibisobanuro bibisi, kandi kandi akora isuku yanyuma yumurongo wa Lacquer.
Kubera ko atashakaga kumara umwanya w'agaciro nko kuzamura ibisekuruza bizaza, Antonio, bitandukanye n'abandi ba Butaliya, ntibajyanye mu mahugurwa y'abanyeshuri. Uwasimbuye mu mwuka yafatwagaho Carlo Bargonzi ukomoka muri Cremone, wabaye icyamamare nyuma y'urupfu rw'umujyanama mu mpera za 1730.
Noneho ishorerwa ya Stradivari, hamwe na Cello na Alta, ibitswe mumazu ndangamurage yisi no gukusanya abantu bazwi. Ibikoresho byakozwe ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubuhanga: hamwe no gukoresha ubwitonzi mumyaka bahinduka ingirakamaro gusa.
Igicapo cyitwa "izuba rirashe" byabaye igice cyo gukusanya isura i Vienne, n '"ubwiza bwo gusinzira" ni ibya Landseskredbank Baden Württemburg. Kuri violon, Lebrun yakinnye Umutaliyani Maestro Paganilo, wabaye afite impano kumuzimu wo guhanga umuriro wiburayi.
Ibikorwa bimwe bya Straduvari byerekanwe muri cyamunara, igiciro cya miliyoni 15.89 cyari gifite igikoresho "Umukecuru Blatete". Abahagarariye intore z'umuco zemeza ko ku byo yaremye rya shebuja w'Ubutaliyani ukwiye gukina ubuhanga gusa bwonyine afite impano karemano.
Urupfu
Umugisha wa Viiptic yagize amahirwe yo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 90, yagize umwanya wo kubaho igihe kirekire ku mahame y'ibinyejana bya kure. Straduvari, nubwo ibibazo byubuzima bijyanye nubuzima, byakoze kugeza gupfa byaje kubwimpamvu zitazwi mu mpera za 1730.
Umugani w'Ubutaliyani washyinguwe mu gihugu cy'amateka, mu Cremona, mu mva, iherereye hafi y'umwe mu matorero yaho. Mu muhango wo gusezera, wateguwe n'abahungu, abagize amazina n'abo bakundaga bateraniye.