Ubuzima
Nadezhda YakovlevNa Mandelshtam - uwo bashakanye Osip mandelstam, yamenyekanye cyane nk'umwanditsi w'amagambo n'inkuru zabanyamakuru. Inzandiko z'umugore wize ufite abanditsi b'indashyikirwa hamwe nindi mirimo yatangajwe ishishikajwe nabantu babarirwa mu magana.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Khazina, wahoze ari Umuyahudi ku bwenegihugu, yavukiye muri Saratov mu 1899. Abakurambere b'Umwanditsi w'Uburusiya, abantu bize kandi bakize, ntibazi ingeso yo kwamburwa no gukora umurimo.
Se wa Jaconjedyevich Khazin mu busore bwe yahisemo orthodoxie, maze umugeni we Rebekka Rakhlin yakomeje kwatura idini. Kubwibyo, twabaze umugabo numugore mubufaransa, igihugu kimaze kwibohora kurangiza XIX.
Abana batangiye kugaragara mu ishyingiranwa ryemewe n'amategeko, Nadi yari afite abavandimwe babiri na mukuru we wenyine. Alexander, mwaenyiny na Anna, bagize itandukaniro rikomeye mu bihe, bumvise urukundo rwababyeyi, barera mu kirere cyiza.
Mu muryango wa Khazin, abanyamuryango bose bagerageje kubyungukiramo, bityo nyina atangira kwiga, ashyira abana ku birenge. Yarangije amasomo yubuvuzi muburyo bwihariye "bundi bushya" maze aba mu bitaro byaho gufata abantu bakeneye ubufasha.
Uhagarariye izina mu izina, yabaye inteko y'abacamanza mu cyumba cy'ubucamanza, yizera ko ari umutware w'ikibazo cye, yagiye mu mijyi itandukanye. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, yatwaye bene wabo muri Kiev, aho umugore n'abamba b'ingimbi bangavu binjiye mu ruziga rw'umuco.
Ku myaka 10, ibyiringiro byabaye abumva siporo yigenga, itandukanye na gahunda iringaniye, abanyeshuri bakwiriye ibitsina byombi. Uyu mukobwa yashishikajwe namateka, geografiya na fiziki, ariko ntabwo yari ifite ubushobozi busanzwe bwo kwiga indimi zamahanga.
Ibi byabujije umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza avugana n'abaturage bo mu mahanga, igihe umuryango munini warenze imipaka y'igihugu cye kavukire. Ariko hamwe ninyemezabuguzi yakurikiyeho ya kaminuza ya St. Vladimir, ubumenyi bwungutse mu bwana bwaje kutaba ngombwa cyane.
Mu myaka ya Revolution, ibyiringiro, kubera gutenguha ababyeyi, bajugunye abarimu ba Jurisprice kandi binjira mu isi. Yakunze kugaragara mu mahugurwa y'abahanzi ba Avant-Garde, bishimiye kwishora mu mwuka w'ibyiyumvo by'ukuri.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1919, Nadezhda yahuye n'umugabo uzaza. Guhura na Osipom mandelstam yabaye muri Elite Club "h.l.m.m.". Umukobwa woroshye Umukobwa wubwenge akora gushushanya, ihagarare inyuma yibititaye kubikorwa byabadamu.Gukunda ibisigo bigezweho byagize ingaruka ku buzima bwa Hazin, kubera ko yavukiriye warsaw ya kure, yabaye Muse n'umugore. Uzengurutse, mubyukuri shimangira igitabo cyatoranijwe, nticyashidikanyaga ko nyuma yubukwe, abakiri bato bazaba umuryango winshuti.
Ariko, amezi menshi mbere yumuhango wo kumuhango, Osip yasize umukundwa, ahunga uburakari bwa Bolsheviks. Ntabwo nananiwe guhangana n'irungu, yasubiye i Kiev kubera ibyiringiro mu ntangiriro ya 1920.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, abahanga mu bushobozi budasanzwe, batangaga umubano, batuye i St. Petersburg bagwa mu isi y'ibitekerezo bikomeye. Umukobwa yahise amenyera ibihuru bya societe ya kijyambere kandi ahishura abanyamuryango benshi bazenguruka ubuvanganzo.
Khazin ntiyashoboraga kwirata ishusho nziza kandi isura nziza, bityo rero umugabo yari afite igitabo kimwe. Olga waxel kuri witaga igikundiro ntabwo yamennye umuryango wa mandelstam, yatsindiye abaturage ba Saratov kandi akaba inshuti nabategarugori.
Mubantu bakuze, Nadezhda Yakovlevna yababajwe nigitumbe, yagiye ku nkombe kugirango yunguke. Muri iki gihe, Osip Emilevich yagize uruhare mu mashyaka y'imigomo: Iyo adahari uwashakanye yemewe yari amaze kwidagadura.
Hagati ya 30, umugore wa Mandelstam yahagurukiye gukurikira uwo bashakanye mu njyana: umusizi yarafashwe aracirwaho iteka kubera imivugo irwanya Sovieti. Nadezhda YakovlevNo yashakaga cyane kugera ku gutandukana kw'igihano, ariko ntiyemererwaga n'abayobozi batwiteshaga mu kiganza.
Mbere gato y'urupfu rubabaje rw'inyenyeri y'ubuvanganzo bwa St. Petersburg, ukomoka muri Saratov yanditse umugabo we ibaruwa ikora ku mutima. Mu gihe kirekire, gukomeza imirimo ya Mandelstam, yizeraga ko bazakuraho ubudasuzumwa bukabije.
Kurema
Mu ntangiriro za 40, Nadezhda Yakovlevlevle yari yihishe abanzi b'uwo mwashakanye, hanyuma muri Leta ya Soviti atangira intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu. Kuva mu mujyi ujya mu mujyi mu gihe "kwiba kwihuta" byatumye umugore abona umubare w'igihugu ari kinini.
Poetess Akhmatova yakwitaye ku bihe by'umupfakazi wa Mandelstam, yafashaga kwimuka mu ituze kandi ryuzuye. Aho niho nyir'ikibuga cya Osipa Emilevich yateraniye hamwe n'umwuka kandi arangije muri kaminuza ya Leta.
Mu gihe cy'amahoro, umukobwa w'Abayahudi, yongeye guhura n'umuryango, akora nk'umwarimu w'icyongereza. Hagati ya za 1960, umugore wijejwe yafashe icyemezo cyo gutanga iminsi isigaye.
Mu nzu ya Moscow mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, mu gihe cya nyuma ya Joseph Brods yakoraga mu gitabo "kwibuka" ashingiye ku bigereranyo bye. Nyuma yo gusohora akazi muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, Nadezhda Mandestam yongeye kuba igice cyingenzi mumiterere yumuco.
Nyuma yo kurekurwa kw'abanyamisoni, impaka zikora hamwe na Nikolai Ivanovich Hardzhiev yatangiye, Umwanditsi w'imirimo y'abanyamakuru. Umwanditsi ntiyakundaga ibitekerezo bitagaragara ku gisigo cy'uwo bashakanye, maze asaba ibye mu myaka ya za 70.
Bibliografiya yumwimerere yibyiringiro yazumijwe hamwe no gutangaza "igitabo cya kabiri", yahawe icyubahiro ku ishirwaho rya "umugabo wanjye - Osip Mandelshtam". Ibi byifuzo byamagambo n'amabaruwa byakemuwe nuburyo bwubuhanzi bwafatwaga abasomyi bashimira nkigitabo cya Nomine.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Anna Ahmatova, inshuti ndende yeguriye igitabo cy'ipiganwa cyuzuye urukundo ruvuye ku mutima. Abakenguzamateka, bamenyereye inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki mbere gato yatangajwe, bavuze ko amashusho afasha kubona iminsi yashize.
Urupfu
Nyuma yo gusohoza "igitabo cya kabiri", ubuzima bw'ibyiringiro Yakovlevna yatangiye gukomera, yamaze igihe kinini murugo ndi kumwe nabantu ba hafi. Irinde indwara zijyanye n'imyaka, uwo mwashakanye wa Osip mandelstam, uko bibaye ngombwa, yitabira inama y'abaganga b'inararibonye.Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, umugore yabujijwe kuva mu buriri, kubera ko adakora umubiri, ntibishobora gusoma cyangwa kwandika. Kuruhande rw'umwanditsi, inshuti n'abaforomo b'inararibonye bari ku kazi, bakwiye gusimburwa kabiri kabiri.
Impamvu y'urupfu rw'ibyiringiro YakovlevNna yananiwe umutima, kavukire yabyaye Saratov imyaka 80. Muri serivisi mbere yo gushyingura bibera mu rusengero rwa orotodogisi, abo mukorana ni abo mukorana, batanze urumuri rw'umuco.
Poetess Bella Ahmadulin, washimye ibihanga by'umwanditsi, yibuka ko muri uwo muhango, inkuba zitunguranye. Flash Kurwanya inyuma yijuru muri Mutarama Yahatiye abari aho batekereza kubyo babababariye mbere nibishobora kubaho nyuma.
Bibliografiya
- 1970 - "KWIBUKA"
- 1972 - "Igitabo cya kabiri"
- 1976 - "Kuri Akhmatova"
- 1978 - "Igitabo cya gatatu"
Kwibuka
- Emma Gertein "Nadezhda YakovlevLa"
- Karl Profffic "Nadezhda Mandelshtam"
- Urwibutso rwo Poipo na Nadezhda Mandelshtam muri St. Petersburg
- Urwibutso rwa Mask n'ibyiringiro bya Mandelstam muri Amsterdam
- Imikorere y'ikinamico ya Moscore ku Ntambara "Igihugu cya Zadnichnaya"
- Umushinga wumuyoboro wa TV "umuco" - "ibanga ryububiko bwa mandelstam. Sony BorgatyRava
- Filime-Biografiya ya Roma Lireberova "Ukize imvugo yanjye ubuziraherezo"