Amateka y'inyuguti
Tovit (gushimangira inyuguti za kabiri) - Imiterere ya Bibiliya ivugwa mu gitabo kitatari cyemewe, kikaba kiri mu Isezerano rya Kera. Abashakashatsi ntibabonye ibimenyetso byizewe byerekana ubwanditsi, nubwo bizera ko iki gikorwa cyanditswe n'intwari.Amateka yo kurema imico
Bitewe n'ubucukuzi bw'Iburengerazuba bw'umugezi wa Yorodani, abacukuzi b'ivya kera babonye ibice by'igitabo cya Tobit mu ndimi z'Abayahudi n'icyarameyi. Abimurwabumenyi ba Bibiliya bizeye ko umwimerere waremewe ku cyarameyi, nubwo nta bimenyetso bitaziguye.
Guhindura inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki kugeza ku rurimi rw'ikilatini ni ubw'umutungo wa Sofronia na Eussia Jeronim. Nyuma yaje gutsimbarara ko uyu murimo wo muri Bibiliya ari ukuva kurutonde rwibitabo byemewe. Kugeza igihe, amahitamo hamwe nubusobanuro bwubugereki mubitabo bitatu byagerwaho.
Igikorwa cya Jerome, nkuko byiriwemetse, cyari gishingiye ku nkomoko yumwimerere, menya verisiyo yumwanditsi. N'ubundi kandi, umwanditsi w'itorero yatangaje ibitekerezo byinshi n'impinduka.
Nko kumwanya wo gushushanya, igitabo cya tovite kivugwa ko cyanditswe muri VI ikinyejana BC. Ns. Kimwe nuwumuntu, iki kibazo cyagize inshuro nyinshi. Bikekwa kandi ko inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki yakozwe n'undi muntu ku kibanza cya marchangel Rafail.
Muri Gatolika na orotodogisi, ni igice cy'Isezerano rya Kera, ariko bifatwa nk'ibidafite ubwato. Ariko muri Bibiliya y'Abayahudi ntabwo aribyo, umurimo ugana kuri Apokrifam, kimwe no mubigaragaro.
Ibyo ari byo byose, igitabo ni urwibutso rwingenzi rwamateka aho amakuru yerekeye leta yabantu bo mu bunyage bwa Ashuri bwarinze. Ingaruka zagaragaye haba hanze kandi imbere: kugabanuka kwimyitwarire byakurikiranwe, gusenga ibigirwamana byabaye.
Intego y'akazi ni urugero rugaragara rwubuzima bwa Tudita kwerekana akamaro ko kubaha Imana, ingeso nziza no kwihangana. Kubwibyo, inyandiko yinyandiko yandikishijwe intoki ntabwo ibura akamaro. Amatorero ya Ba Padiri yita kuri icyo gitabo, yishimira amagambo mu nyigisho kandi akingura ibisobanuro nyabyo by'akazi gashingiye ku gacura.
Ishusho na Biography Tudita
Imiterere nkuru yatandukanijwe no gukiranuka no mubuzima bworoheje. No mu bunyage, sinigeze nibagirwa Imana kandi nhoraga nhindukirira Umuremyi. Hariho ibizamini byinshi byintwari, guhera kubitotezo numutegetsi wa Ashuri no kurangiza ubuhumyi.Mu ikubitiro, umugabo yari umukire, yacuruzaga akagerageza gufasha iyo kwinginga ibiryo n'imyambaro. Kandi, Umuyahudi wubaha Imana yashyinguwe mu gushyingura. Erega uyu mwami wa Ashuri Senakin yamukatiye urupfu. Yahatiwe kwihisha, ariko icyarimwe ntiyahwemye gukorera abandi ibyiza.
Inkuru itangira kuva umugore wa Anna yateguye nimugoroba. Tovit, abonye imbonerahamwe yuzuye, yabajije mwene Toviya ngo asohoke maze agabanye abo kurya.
Tovia yumvise se, ariko agaruka afite ibuye ribabaje - kuri umwe mu mihanda aryamiye Umuyahudi utuje. Umutware w'umuryango ntiyarya ibiza, ariko aragenda afata umurambo w'umuntu, amuhangura icyo gihe muri gasutamo yose.
Nyuma yo kurota kwinjira mu rugo rwanjye, kuko ari bibi, bityo rero, uryamye mu gikari. Intwari ntiyabonye uburyo imyanda y'inyoni yaguye mu maso ye, bukeye bwaho.
Byari bigoye kubaho umuryango, ntanumwe mubaganga bashoboye gusubiza iyerekwa ryumugabo. Uwo mwashakanye yagerageje n'imbaraga ze zose - kuzunguza ubwoya, kuko yahawe ubwishyu. Umugore amaze gusubira mu rugo afite ihene. Tobovit ntabwo yishimiye impano kandi isaba mugenzi wawe gusubizwa inyamaswa inyuma. Anna yarashubije, yemeza ko iyi ari ibihembo byimyitwarire ihamye. Hanyuma intwari irarira, abyara imbabazi z'ibyaha.
Hari igihe, byose byabaye bibi hamwe nibiryo. Nibutse se wa Tovia kubyerekeye ifeza, itanga inguzanyo kuri Hawaila. Umugabo yahisemo kohereza umuhungu we mu rugendo rurerure kuri Midiy Ragie. Ariko yategetse umusore kwifata aherekeye.
Tovia yabonye umufasha wamenyekanye nka Azarya ukomoka mu bwoko bwa Anania. Baha umugisha umutware w'umuryango wabo, baramanuka. Yaba we cyangwa umuhungu abizi, ko ku muhanda atari undi muntu wa marmajel Rafail. Yumvise amasengesho y'umutwe w'umuryango, ndetse n'umukobwa ubabaje wa Sara, umukwe wapfiriye mu mabuye, maze gufata icyemezo cyo gufasha bombi.
Urugendo rwahindutse igihe kirekire, ariko gutsinda. Umumarayika yayoboye Toviya mu nzu ya Raguil, Padiri Sarra, yemera ubukwe bw'umwana. Hanyuma yigisha abashyingiranywe, uburyo bwo kwirukana abadayimoni babi asosmady. We ubwe yagiye i Hawaila afata ifeza.
Abacuruzi ba Ranguil barafunzwe. Anna yamaze gushyingura umuhungu we mu mutwe kandi ntiyaryamye nijoro, atizera ko azagarukira muzima. Amasengesho ya se na nyina baraburanishijwe, maze Toviya atashye gusa, ahubwo no ku mugore we Bred na feza.
Byongeye kandi, Tudita, umusore yakizwe n'ubuhumyi, ako kanya amaso affile. Yashimiye umuntu wImana kubabarira no kugakiza kandi yategetse cyane kwishyura na Azariyo. Ni kimwe nahishuye imico ye kandi ahana se no kuzunguruka Isumbabyose kandi yandike ibitangaza by'igitabo.
Ibice 2 byanyuma byinyandiko yanditse birimo ubutumwa kubantu bo ku mwanditsi, aho Umuyahudi wubaha Imana uba mu masezerano, ntugakore icyaha kandi ugarure imbabazi z'Imana.
Tovit mu muco
Abahanzi muri Renaissance Utaliya yasabye umugambi wo muri Bibiliya. Amashusho yerekana igisubizo cyimico ihumye yakunze gutegeka ababa barwaye indwara imwe yizeye ko bizagaruka iyerekwa.
Impamvu zakoresheje irangi rizwi nka Rafael, Timiona na Botticalli. Umuhanzi w'Ubutaliyani Strozzy Bernardo yanditse "Gukiza Tobit" (1632), byerekana umwanya mumasegonda make kubitangaza. Ku ishusho, umwanditsi yitondera cyane amarangamutima - ibihe bigoye kuri Data, ibyiringiro bya Anna. Guhangayika Auza byamuriwe neza binyuze mumabara adasanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwa canvas.
Umuhanzi w'Ubuholandi Rembrandt Wang Rhine yafashe ikindi gice umugore yazanye urugo ihene. Ifoto "tovit na anna hamwe na yagnenk" yanditswe mu myaka 1626227. Intwari ihumye yicaye, yiziritse amaboko mu kimenyetso cyo gusenga. Amaso ye atabona urumuri yandikiwe Imana - umuntu atinya ko uwo mwashakanye yatwaye icyaha, kandi agerageza gutegura imbabazi kuva Isumbabyose.
Indi shusho ya Rembrandt yerekana ibyifuzo byiza byababyeyi be - bari mu nama n'umuhungu w'ikinege. Umwijima w'imiturire uramurikirwa n'izuba riva mu idirishya, rishushanya ibyiringiro bya Data kubona samuragwa. Uyu munsi ni canvas iherereye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Boimans - Wang Bengenna i Rotterdam.
Ku ishusho "umumarayika Rafail yavuye muri Tovita n'umuryango we" Umugabo yapfukamye, kubera intumwa yo mu ijuru.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Umugambi werekeye Sarre na Asshine, abagabo bakomeye mu mukobwa, bakoreshejwe na Mikhail Yurevich muri "Umudayimoni".
- Ibisobanuro by'izina rya Bibiliya ni "byiza."
- Dukurikije bumwe mu buryo bwo guhinduranya, gushyingura umurambo bifite aho bisa n'impamvu ya "nziza cyane", yakurikiranwe mu migani y'Abarusiya.
Amagambo
"Ntabwo ababaye ... azaza azima, amaso yawe azamubona, kuko azaba umumarayika mwiza; Inzira yayo izaba afite isoni, kandi azagaruka muzima "" Ukurikiza amategeko n'amategeko kandi ube mwiza kandi ukwiye kukubera mwiza. Ndi mu mirimo myiza, na nyoko nanjye, hanyuma ntugume muri Nineviya "Bibliografiya
- II ikinyejana BC E - "igitabo cya tovita"