Ubuzima
Uwanditse Waclav yashoboraga kwinjira mu nkuru nk'umwanditsi, abanenga kandi akinira, ariko umwuga we wa politiki wari mwinshi kuburyo yatsinze ibintu byo guhanga. Amaze gutsinda inzira itoroshye y'umurwanyi n'ubutegetsi n'ibitanda, yafashe intebe ya Perezida muri Repubulika ya Ceki, yari iya mugabo imyaka irenga 10.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Vacav yavutse ku ya 5 Ukwakira 1936 i Prague. Umuryango watanga wari umukire kandi ukomeye. Sekuru w'umuhungu yubatse ingoma yose mu murwa mukuru, irimo Sitidiyo ya firime, Restaurants n'inyubako zo guturamo. Umutungo munini utimukanwa wumuryango wongeyeho na Data, hamwe na murumuna we yasezeranye mubwubatsi. Kurongora Bowen Bowen, umugabo yabonye abahungu babiri - Ivan yavutse nyuma yikiruhuko.
Abavandimwe ba Havel ku murongo w'ababyeyi na bo bari abantu bagoye: Sekuru yahinduye ikinyamakuru maze afata umwanya wa diplomasi muri Ambasade y'Abadiporan-Hotariya, nyuma aba Minisitiri wa poropagande.
Ku myaka ya 6, Vacalov yagiye ku ishuri, noneho noneho yahuriye mu myaka yakorewe umunyarwandakazi wa Cekosolovakiya. Mu 1947, yahinduye ishuri ryinjira mu ishuri ryerekeye abahungu imbohe mu myaka y'intambara. Politiki y'Igiheza Yafasheyo, nubwo umuryango watangaga ari muzima kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza kandi umwana yari mu bidukikije.
Icyakora, ntibyashobokaga kwiga igihe kirekire: Mu 1948, Abakomunisiti baza ku butegetsi mu gihugu, kandi uyu muryango ukize ugereranywa n'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. Umutungo wafashwe, kandi umuhungu ntiyakuwe ku ishuri. Igihe kitoroshye cyatangiye aho umusore yahisemo kumenya umwuga wa chimiste-laboratoire. Yabonye amashuri mu ishuri, akunze gusura siporo ya nimugoroba, hanyuma agakora muri laboratoire yahujwe no kwiga muri kaminuza ya tekiniki ya Prague.
Mu 1957, imyaka 2, vallav asigaye gukorera mu ngabo, nyuma yo gukora mu mutekinisiye w'inzoka. Umusore yatangijwe, yibura kuba umuyobozi wungirije, hanyuma yaje gufata icyemezo cyo gutangira kwandika ikinamico. Mugihe umusore yamaze kugira uburambe bwo kunegura ubuvanganzo, bamushyiraho uruziga rwubwenge ari icyamamare runaka.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Politiki y'ubuzima ku giti cye yatuye mu busore bwe. Hamwe n'umugore uzaza, Olga Shlicalova Vachlav yahuye mu 1953. Umukobwa wigenga kandi wigenga kuva mu gikandaro akora yari mukuru kurenza umusore imyaka 3, ariko ntabwo yabaye inzitizi kushyanga. Yashyingiwe, bombi bakoze muri theatre kandi baragabanuka cyane bahurira, ariko urukundo rwabo rwagombaga kurokoka ibizamini bikomeye.Kugira uruhare mu myigaragambyo y'imyigaragambyo, bumva amazu, ibibazo by'ibibazo, ifatwa ry'umugabo n'indwara zikurikira - elga zose zabonye ushikamye kandi zigatakaza imbaraga. Ndetse n'ukuri umugabo ntabwo buri gihe yakomezaga kuba umwizerwa, uwo mwashakanye yagize filozofiya kandi, byakundaga abandi bagabo.
Mu 1994, byamenyekanye ko umudamu wa mbere wa Repubulika ya Ceki yari arwaye. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri yo kurwanya indwara ya Olga, icyateye urupfu cyabaye kanseri. Abashakanye nta mwana babyaranye. Umwana wa kure wa Havel yabonetse mu 1997, yarongoye umukinnyi wa filime wa Cekil VUSHKRnova.
Umwuga no guhanga
Mu myaka ya za 1960, imirimo ya Waclav yasohotse. Umukino we "Umunsi w'ikiruhuko mu busitani" washyizwe ku cyiciro cy'imikino kandi umenyanye mpuzamahanga. Muri icyo gihe, umwanditsi yari atoroshye mu gihugu cye ndetse agwa munsi yabujijwe.
Umugabo yanditse igitabo, aho yiyeretse ko ari umuhanga utekereza kandi wa filozofiya. Inyandiko "Imbaraga Zidafite imbaraga" zirashobora kwitwa software, kubera ko yateganyaga inzira yo kwigira, iy 'revolution ya "Velvet Resolution", itange igitonyanga kimwe cyamaraso, ayoboye igihugu, ayoboye imyaka mirongo Ubutegetsi bw'amahanga.
Gutangira ibikorwa bya politiki mu myaka ya za 1960, Vacalav yinjiye mu nzego z'abatavuga rumwe n'ita ku barenga, maze nyuma yo gutera ingabo za Warsaw muri Cekosolovakiya mu 1968 kandi yari iy'abahanga mu byamujijwe. Guteza imbere ibitekerezo bya demokarasi y'iburengerazuba, Dedl yabaye umuteguro w'umuryango utavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi mu gihugu. Ibyo byakurikiwe n'ibitotezo byinshi, gufata na gereza.
Muri rusange, mu gusoza, Ceki yamaze hafi imyaka 5. Ifatwa rya nyuma ryabaye mu 1989, nyuma yaho ryari igihe "Revolution Revodusiyo ya" Velvet ", mu gihe cya 23 bahagarariye ishyaka ry'abakorinto ridimisiti. Muri gahunda ya politiki harahindutse ku matora ya perezida, abakandida 2 barasuzumwa neza - Alexander Dubchek na vaki. Ku ya 29 Ukuboza, uwa nyuma yatowe kuba perezida Cekosolovakiya.
Hamwe na hamwe, ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zakomotse mu gihugu, kandi mu 1993, Repubulika ya Ceki yabaye igihugu cyigenga. Na Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika yigenga Ceki yatoranijwe Dedl. Umugabo yari afite iyi nyandiko 2 y'ijambo ku murongo, mu myaka y'ubutegetsi yahuraga hamwe n'abakuru b'isi nk'uko Bill Clinton, Lech Vints na Boris Yeltsin. Yambutse Vladimir Putin, ubutegetsi bwe buhamagarira kure ya demokarasi.
Umunyapolitike yagiriye inama yirinde no kutitaho no kutitaho ibintu bifatika kandi ahungali. Imvugo ye kuva mu kiganiro "Imyaka itanu y'amakosa arengeje imyaka 50 ya Sabotage" yabaye amagambo yatanzwe atabaza ngo adatinya kwiringira ibyemezo bya politiki n'abato.
Urupfu
UBUZIMA BWA PEREZIKI BWA TCECH bwahujwe mugihe cyibihano. Mu 1996, Havel yatakaje kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibihaha, nyuma arokoka atari igikorwa kimwe. Imyaka yanyuma yubuzima, umugabo yakomeje kwitabwaho nabaganga, nkibibazo byo guhumeka bikabije. 18 Ukuboza 2011, politiki ntabwo yari.Waclav yashyinguye ku murenge w'umuryango w'irimbi ry'inzabibu, kandi igihombo cye kirarira n'icyunamo cy'iminsi itatu. Gucira imanza ku ifoto y'imva, abanyapolitiki baruhuka mu mva imwe n'umugore wa mbere.
Kwibuka
- Biografiya ya Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika ya Ceki yeguriwe Igitabo cya Ivan Belyaaeva "Vacav Dedl. Ubuzima mu mateka. "
- Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro muri 2012, ikibuga cy'indege cya Prague cyiswe.
- Mu rwego rwo kubaha agaciro k'uwahozeho umaze gutanga abitayeho, ikigega cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu cyashyizeho igihembo gihabwa abigaragambyaga.
- Izina rya Havel ni agace ka Prague na Boulevard muri Ukraine.