Ubuzima
Andrei Tupolev ni umushushanya wateje imbere ubwoko bwindege. Kugera ku muhanga mu iterambere ry'indege n'intererano mu bumenyi bihwanye n'impamvu z'umwamikazi wa Sergey mu burezi bwa rokeri. Umugabo-Era Tupolev yazanye Faryd y'abanyeshuri bakomeje ubuzima bwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umwanditsi wa Aphorism "aguruka gusa indege nziza" yagaragaye mu kugwa kwa 1888 muri ubu umudugudu udahari wo mu ntara ya Pustovazovo. Andrei - uwa gatandatu mu bana barindwi b'ubwami bw'intara, itandukaniro ryakozwe na cossacks Nikolai Ivanovich Tupolev, kugira ngo ikomeze kubyuka, kandi abanyacyubahiro ba Anna Vasilyevna bavuga.
Igihe Andereya yari yavutse, se yari amaze imyaka 46, kandi nyina yari 38. muhungu yari selent bakuru na Kolya, ndetse bashiki Natasha, Tanya, Vera na Masha. Data ntiyigeze yemera ko abagize umuryango badafite akazi. Dukurikije kwibuka ku ndege y'uwashushanyije mu ndege, mu bwana yashizeho intera hagati y'igipolisi cy'ibirusiya, amenye ubuhanga bwo kubaza n'ubuhanga bwo gutunganya icyuma.
Ubushobozi bwo gukorana n'amaboko ye byari ingirakamaro Andrei no muri Groynasium ya Tver, no mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Moscou, aho umusore yaje mu myaka 20. Mu kigo cyisumbuye, ababyeyi ntibashoboraga kuzenguruka imigi yo mu bwami bw'Uburusiya, bwasabwe kujya mu banyeshuri. Hanyuma Andrei aha umuyobozi w'imikino ngororamubiri kugura ibiti by'ibiti by'amato yakozwe nabo. Umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'uburezi yakuyeho inkunga y'urugendo rw'Umukino w'ikinamico mu mafranga ya sosiyete y'abakundana ba kamere.
Mu ishuri rya tekinike, ubu bwambara izina rya Nikolai Baman, ubushobozi bwa Andrei yashimye Umuremyi wa Aerodnamics Nikolai Zhukovsky kandi ategeka ko umusore ategeka umusore gushinga laboratoire ya Aerodynamic. Mu 1910, Tupolev yari ubwa mbere kandi bwa nyuma mu buzima bwatwaye indege - yubatswe na bagenzi be glider, yanyuze mu ruzi rwa Jauza, yanyuze mu ruzi rwa Jauza maze agwa mu bibeho amahoro.
Mu rubyiruko, uwashizeho indege yashishikarije ibikorwa by'impinduramatwara maze yinjira mu Ishyaka rya Serc. Mu gukwirakwiza umunyeshuri w'ivanga mu buryo butemewe. Kuva mu miterere ya cyami ya Tupolev, bararekuwe gusa kubera urupfu rwa Data gusa, ariko umusore yoherejwe mu gihugu gito, kandi yashoboye kurangiza amashuri makuru afite imyaka 30.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Igikorwa cyatsinze cyumushinga wagize uruhare mu maso yizewe nibyishimo mubuzima bwite. Hamwe n'umugore uzaza wa Julia, Julia Zheypylev Tupolev yahuye, akora nk'umuforomo mu bitaro mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro umugore, Andrei Nikolayevich nyuma yitwa umukobwa, wabaye umuganga we, n'umwuzukuru.
Mu kwiyandikisha mu ishyingiranwa rifite umuforomo mwiza, Tupolev yatuye mu nzu y'uwo nyigisho. Nyina wa Yulia, umunyacyubahiro Inkomoko, yarebaga bwa mbere guhitamo umukobwa we, kandi, umukwe amaze gushyiraho ifuru ishyushye, yahinduye ifuru i Andrei.
Umugore yatangiye Tupolev hamwe numufasha wizewe, umusemuzi hamwe nuwashizweho bidasanzwe bwindege rwa Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev ya Tupolev indege ya Tupolev Mu myaka yakuze, Yulia Nikolaevna yaherekeje umugabo we mu ngendo z'amahanga.
Tupolev yamenyesheje Minisitiri w'ingabo Dmitry USTIONV, Minisitiri w'inganda za Peter Dementinov, Minisitiri w'inganda wa Peristoev, umukozi w'inganda z'indege wa Aninov, umukozi w'inganda z'indege na Peter Dementiov, umukozi w'inganda z'indege wa Spomediev, umukozi w'inganda z'indege wa Spomentiev, Minisitiri w'inganda wa Peristoev, wanditse amagambo y'imyuga y'Abasoviyeti Mikhalkov, tubikesha ubucuti n'abisimburana ku bijyanye na nyirarume intambwe y'umwanditsi. Mu byo akunda Andrei NikoLeevich byari ubuhinzi bw'imboga no guhiga inkware. Mu bwana, abuzukuru ba Tupolev yakinnye n'ibikinisho by'ibiti sogokuru gusharira mu masaha yo kwidagadura ku buryo bwimyidagaduro.
Abakomoka ku mukinnyi wa ndege bakomeje ingoma ye. Umuhungu Alexei wo mu myaka 17 yakoraga muri se nk'umushinga kandi akora umurizo wa fuselage muri Tuerodnamika mu kigo cya Aerodnamics mu kigo cya Moscow kimaze indege kandi cyashizeho Indege ya mbere yisi yisi. Mu 1995, Alexey Andreevich yagize uruhare muri Tikhonov - Tikhonov-Tikhonov ihagarika amatora kuri Leta ya Leta.
Umwuzukuru wa Andrei Nikolayevich, yitiriwe sogokuru, ubu iyobowe n'ikigo cyo kwiga kwamamaza ojsc Tupolev. Indege yari n'umutware tupolev vladimir vul.
Igenzura rya Avia
Tupolev na mwarimu we Nikolay Zhukovsky bashoboye kumvisha ubuyobozi bw'Ibyabaye mu Busoji bukenewe mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda zo mu rugo ndetse n'ibikorwa by'indege zose z'icyuma. Biroroshye, ariko kuramba kuramba byasimbuwe mu ndege n'ibiti byoroshye kandi biremereye.Intangiriro yuwashizeho kandi inyuguti zambere zamazina ye zashizeho amazina yindege ya Sovieti yikimonyo na tu. Nibicuruzwa byubuhanga bya Tupolev - Anther Chralov - Valery Chralov yatumye indege idahagarara Moscou - Udd na Moscou Izinga rya POSCOW - Ikirwa cya Amerika - Amerika.
Icyakora, umuderevu Sigismund Levanevsky mu 1935 ntiyashoboye gukora indege mbere ya Moscou-San Francisco mu ndege imwe kandi imbere ya Stalin yashinje Tupolev mu kwiyongera kwa TEPOLEV mu kwiyongera kwa Tupolev mu kwiyongera. Nanone yananiwe kandi AND-Indege AirPlane Ank-20 ("Maxim Gorky").
Mu 1937, Andrei Nikolayevich n'umugore we barafatwa. Umwaka wa mbere wumusomyi wari utoroshye. Umushushanya ntabwo yakubise, ariko yiyongera kumasaha menshi ahagaze. Usibye uruhushya, Tupolev yashizwemo n'imyaka myinshi y'ubufatanye n'ubwenge bw'Ubufaransa n'ubuyobozi bw'umuryango urwanya Abanyasoviyeti.
Umushinga yemeye bwa mbere n'ingingo zose z'ubushinjacyaha, hanyuma itangira kuyambaza. Tupolev yakatiye igifungo cy'imyaka 15, ariko bidatinze ibintu byayorohewe. Andrei Nikolayevich n'izindi bashushanya indege muri gereza ya Butycan bimuriwe ku kigero cya ". Abahanga bakoraga ubuhanga kandi bahabwa imirire yuzuye, ariko batandukanijwe nimiryango. Intambara y'intambara, Andrei NikoLeevich yarekuwe kandi adoze icyo gitabo ahabwaho, maze mu 1955 barasubiwemo rwose.
Tupolev, yatejwe imbere na Biro yo gushushanya ya Tupolev tu-2 (piking bomber) yatanga umusanzu munini mu ntsinzi: Indege 750 yiki kirango cyarwanwa ku mpande. Nyuma y'intambara, Andrei Nikolaevich na KB yaremye bomber ya tu-4.
Tupolev na we Umwanditsi wa The Maviet ya Reoctique yafata amajwi ya mbere Tu-104, indege ya mbere y'indege y'abagenzi ku isi Tu-144, ifoto yayo yashyizwe ku kirango cya SOVIEti yo mu 1969. Mu kinyejana cya 70, okb, yakozwe na Andrey NikoLavich, iyobowe na Valentina Krnuk, yateje imbere ya tu-160 yabuze imashini ihindagurika na geometrie.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Andrei NikoLeevich kubera igituntu umusonga wa TNIBERCULOSIYA, urumuri rumwe rwakuweho. Abaganga babwiye umurwayi ko ushobora kubaho igihe cyose niba wirinze kurenza urugero. Ifatwa n'imirimo inanira byatumye indwara zidagadura.
Tupolev yapfuye mu nzozi mu ijoro ryo ku ya 22 Ukuboza, 1972. Ku mugoroba wanyuma, uwashushanyijeho indege yubatswe kandi yubatse gahunda yikiruhuko cyizuba muri Crimé. Imva ya Andrei Nikolayevich iherereye ku irimbi rya Novodevichy rya Moscou.
Kwibuka
- Mu 1979, umuyobozi Daniel Khrovitsky yakuyeho "amababa" yerekeye ubuzima bwa Tupolev na Abimukira Igor Sikorsky muri Amerika. Uruhare rwa Andrei NikoLyevich rwasohoye na Vladislav Stroelchik, na Igor Ivanovich yaremye Yuri Yakovlev.
- Izina Tupolev ryambaye kaminuza tekinike ya leta i Kazan.
- Kuva muri 2018, umuhanga witwa siyanse yashinzwe ku kibuga cy'indege cya Moscou "Vnukovo".
- Umuhanda wa Tupolevskaya na Tupolev uri mu karwaruzi w'Abarusiya, Prague na Ude-Ude, Kiev na Amsterdam.
- Muri 2016, igitabo cya Adeli Nurmukhametova "Andrei Tupolev" yasohotse mu "matara manini yo mu Burusiya".
- Ku ya 6 Kamena 2020, ku muyoboro wa TV ", umaze gutanga iyimurwa mu" munsi wanyuma "kuri Tupolev, Premiere ya Filime ya documentaire".
Ibihembo
- Inshuro eshatu Intwari yumurimo wasosiyalisiti (1945, 1957, 1972)
- Umunani wa lenin
- Urutonde rwa Revolution
- Ibicuruzwa bibiri bya banneri itukura
- Wubashywe mubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga rya RSFR
- Igihembo cya Leninsky
- Igihembo cya Leta cya Ussr
- Indege ya Zahabu Fai
- Leonardo Da Vinci Igihembo