Ubuzima
Anna Feud - Umukobwa wa psyrichoanalyst, yabaye gukomeza urubanza rw'umuhanga, kuko umwiyenyeri wahisemo imyumvire y'abana bato. Mu myaka yimirimo yera, umugore watuye mubwongereza yanditse ibitabo byinshi, ibitabo hamwe ningingo zabanyamakuru.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Anna Feud yavukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Auriliya ku ya 3 Ukuboza 1895 mu muryango w'umuhanga Sigmund Freud n'umugore we uremewe. Kuba umwana wa gatandatu kandi muto wa XochoHoanalya, akiri muto yinjiye mu migenzo y'umuco w'igihugu.
Nkiri umwana, se ntiwitaye ku mwana, yakuze ayobowe na Mama no kwita kuri barumuna na bashiki bacu. Nanny, wakoraga mu nzu y'amasaha 24 ku munsi, yari inshuti magara yashoboraga kuboneka no gushyigikira ikiganiro.
Ishimwe rya Batty AmashushoAnna yabwiye umugore uburambe bwe nubwoba, nyuma yigihe kigaragaza iherezo ryumwuga. Kandi gushyikirana nabarimu bigenga batumiwe mumuryango wa Ft Freud, akenshi basa nurugamba rwa buri munsi rudasubirwaho.
Kumyaka 13, umukobwa wamatsiko yashimishijwe nibibazo byababyeyi, gusoma kandi asobanuka neza imirimo itari mike yatangajwe na Freud. Umwanditsi wimirimo yibasiwe niyi minsi yatwaye umukobwa we mu ntangiriro ya 1900.
Nubwo bimeze, uhagarariye amazina azwi kwisi yose yinjiye mu kigo cyihariye ategura abarimu. Mu busore bwe, yakoraga ku mwarimu w'ishuri ry'amasomo abanze, ugereranije no kureba ishyirwaho rya psychologiya y'abana.
Mu gihe cye cy'ubusa, Anna yagerageje kwitabira ibiganiro bya se, aho yahuriye n'abagabo benshi bafite ubwenge bwinshi bweruye. Freud mugihe yabaye umujyanama wihariye numwigisha wumukobwa, kubwiyi ntambwe yarimo atera impamvu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Bitandukanye na bashiki bacu n'abavandimwe Anna ntabwo yishimiye ubuzima bwe bwite, nta musanga yari afite wasabye uruhare rw'abagabo. Gahunda yo gukora cyane mu bigo byinshi bya siyansi yabuzaga ishyingiranwa ryemewe no kugaragara kw'abana.Mu busore bwe, usibye psychoanalyse, Ana yakundaga kuboha, se yavuze ko yasimbuwe cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Abashakashatsi b'ubuzima bw'umugore bwizeraga ko mubyukuri ubwenge nubushobozi bwo guterwa imitekerereze kandi bafite ubwoba.
Ku makimbirane ya Freud, amakimbirane ya gisirikare, yahinduye Uburayi, yagaragaye: kuza i Porofelf Hitler yashoboraga kurimbura umuryango wose. Abahagarariye ubwenegihugu bwabayahudi nyuma yo kubaturage benshi muri Gestapo bahisemo kwirukana kubushake bwubuzima bufite ubwoba.
Data n'umujyanama muri kiriya gihe barwaye indwara idakira, ntabwo yarokotse yimukira mu karere k'igihugu. Anna, watekerezaga ku mubyeyi, yabaga i Paris na London, aho ingaruka z'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Mu mpera za 1910s, Anna yavuyemo ibikorwa bya pedagogi, yinjiye muri siyansi yabantu bize cyane. Umukobwa yahoraga yitabira ibirori mpuzamahanga, aho abanditsi bafite ibitekerezo byinshi bigenda bihari kandi bikorwa.
Intego ya Freud Muri icyo gihe yari kuba abayoboke muri societe ya Vienne psychoanalytic, kubwibyo yakoze ubushakashatsi kandi bigatanga raporo yigenga. Kwemeza ibisobanuro by'ibitekerezo n'inzozi z'umukobwa w'imyaka 15 washimiwe na tank ya Rusange hejuru y'ibihembo bya leta y'icyubahiro.
Mu ntangiriro za 1923, Anna yabaye umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze, kabuhariwe mu bibazo by'ingimbi n'abana bato. Ubunararibonye bwa mwarimu bwafashije umukobwa wa Sigmund Feud ibirenze inyungu ningingo zasohotse muricyo gihe.
Impanuro za se no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'umwuga mwiza wagize uruhare mu kuba Anna yakoze imyanya y'ubuyobozi. Nyuma yo guhabwa ubumenyi mpuzamahanga nk'umunyamabanga mukuru wa sosiyete ya psychoanalytic, yakwegereye ba nyir'ibitekerezo byinshi byoroheje.
Umugore yinjiye mu mpakaro kuva Melanie Klein wo mu Bwongereza, wize imitekerereze y'abana binyuze muri prism y'ibibazo byakuze. Ubuvuka bwa Otirishiya bwerekanye rwose kandi bugabanyijemo rwose mugenzi wawe, mugenzi wawe n'inshuti magara yitwa Dorothy yaka.
Anna yakoresheje uburyo bwateguwe na ba sogokuruza azwi, Anna yashinze icyerekezo gishingiye ku gitekerezo cya "i". Hagati ya ego-psychologiya, ibice bya neoflaism, ibyabaye abana nkibigaragaza.
Umushakashatsi w'umugore yakoreshejwe mu kwiga imiterere yo kwibasirwa nk'igikorwa kibi kigamije kwirinda amahame yemewe. Projection yimyanzuro kumurongo wa psychoanalysis yumwana muri 30-40 yari iy'ikigereranyo.
Anna akorera abarwayi b'ubwangavu, yamenyereye umuryango, yasobanuye ibyavuye mu masomo mu ngingo zisanzwe za siyansi. Benshi mu mwuga wabigize umwuga, umugore yeguriwe ivuriro rye, amagana akeneye ubufasha bw'abana babaye mu biganza bye.
Gusaba kuvura imikino bifatwa nkintererano kuri siyanse igezweho, yagiriye akamaro kuva mu ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Imanza mirongo zisobanuwe mu bikorwa hakiri kare kuri psychologiya zashimishije cyane kandi icyarimwe.
Abo mukorana mu bihugu byinshi byisi byamenye ubutware bwa Anna, inyigisho zitangwa mu mpapuro za siyansi zikoreshwa mubuvuzi kugeza ubu. Ibitabo "uburyo bwa ego n'uburinzi bwo kurinda", "Intangiriro ya PsychoanalySisise y'abarimu" mu myaka 30 yo mu kinyejana cya 20, ikorwa muri sosiyete furore.
Abantu basoma imirimo bakurura kuboneka kubiganiro, kubantu bose bafite igisubizo cyikibazo gikomeye. Ingwate yo kuvura neza patologie yahinzwe yagaragaye ko ari igihe gikwiye.
Ikiraro cyibikorwa bifatika kandi bya siyansi byari ivuriro ryatewe mu Bwongereza, hashingiwe ku kigo cyagize amasomo y'abantu bashimishijwe. Freud, wateguye gahunda yinyongera, yateguye Pleaad yabaganga babishoboye cyane.
Urupfu
Ubuzima burangiye, Anna aba mu ngoro ishaje i Londres, yari ahari yarengereye urupfu kubera impamvu karemano. Mu muhango wo gusezera mu Kwakira 1982, abantu benshi bitiranya urujijo.Ku bushake bw'umukobwa, Sigmund Freud yari itegeko ryo gutwika, umukungugu washyizwe mu mva, aho abagize umuryango baruhukiye. Inzu ifite igenamiterere ryambere, documentaire yumuntu no mu icumbi ryamafoto yahindutse inzu ndangamurage y'abahanga n'abatitaye ku batitayeho.
Akazi ka siyansi
- 1926 - "Intangiriro ya PsychoanalySisise kubarimu"
- 1936 - "Uburyo bwa Ego na Kurinda"
- 1946 - "Psychoanalytique Kuvura Abana"
- 1965 - "Ibisanzwe na Patologio mu bwana: Iterambere ry'iterambere"
- 1973 - "Ku rundi ruhande rw'inyungu z'ingenzi z'Umwana"
- 1979 - "Mbere y'inyungu z'ingenzi z'Umwana"