Ubuzima
Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya Austriliya Alfred Adler afatwa nk'umuhanga ukomeye wo mu kinyejana cya 20. Yashizeho urufatiro rwa psychologiya ku giti cye, isuzuma umuntu mu kigo n'ikiranga imibereho, kandi akanatangiza ijambo "rigoye" n "" indishyi ".Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umutego watewe ku ya 7 Gashyantare 1870 muri Rudolfsheim, umudugudu uri ku nkombe z'iburengerazuba bwa Vienne, muri Otirishiya-Hongiriya. Ni uwa kabiri muri pawlins zirindwi (mu mukobwa bir) na Leopold Adler, Abayahudi.
Ubuzima bwa Alfred Adler yari ingorane zuzuye, zuzuye nurupfu kuva bakiri bato. Kuva akiri muto, yahuye na Rakshita, kubera ko byaje kwiga kugenda. Mu myaka 3 yabuze murumuna we, wapfiriye iruhande rwe muri crib. Ku myaka 4 yatoye gutwika gukomeye kw'ibihaha Abaganga bavuze bati: Umuhungu yazimiye. Dukurikije kwibuka umugabo, niyi magambo yamuteye kuba umuganga.
Adler yose yavuzwe mu nyandiko yari ashingiye ku buzima bwe bwite. Akiri umwana, aba psychologue bakunzwe na bagenzi be, babasangamo ibyo byiyumvo byo kubaha n'uburinganire butahaye umuryango. Nyuma yaje kwandika ko bishimiye inyungu za societe ko umuntu ashobora kumenya ubushobozi bwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu myaka yabanyeshuri, Alfred yahuye numugore we uzaza Raisa Timofeevna Epstein, ubwenge nubusosiyalisiti bwavuye muri Uburusiya, bwaje i Vienne kugirango bavunjire. Ubukwe bwakinnye muri 1897.Abana baravuka - Valentine (1898 r.), Alexandra (1901 G.), Kurt (1905 R.) na Corneliya, cyangwa Nelli (1909). Ububiko bufite amafoto menshi yumuryango winshuti.
Abana bo hagati, Alexandre na Kurt, bagiye ikirenge cya Data kandi bahambira ubuzima bufite imitekerereze. Valentine yatoye inzira ya nyina - yabaye trotter, yakandamijwe nyuma.
Ibikorwa bya siyansi
Umwuga w'ubuvuzi Alfred Adler yatangiye nkabaganga, hanyuma akingiraga kuri neurology, ariko inyungu muri psychologiya yari iracyarangiye. Ibitekerezo bye byari bishimishije cyane ku buryo mu 1902 FIGMUD Freud yatumiye mugenzi wawe yinjira mu kiganiro cye cyo ku wa gatatu. Mubyukuri, psychoanalysise yaturutse muriyi nama.
Kimwe n'abantu benshi, umubano w'abagome na Sigmund Freud ntabwo bakoze. Mu 1911, yasohotse mu muryango wa ku wa gatatu, maze umwaka umwe, yashinze ishyirahamwe rya psychologiya ku giti cye. Mu ntangiriro, abasuzumye ibitekerezo bya Alfred byari bisa cyane na filozofiya ya filozofiya ya Friedrich Nietzsche, hamwe na psychoanalySche, hamwe na psychoanalySise ya Freud.
Umuyoboro utekereza watsinze mukubaka ishuri ryigenga rya psychotherapi nicyerekezo cya kamere. Yashyize imbere ibitekerezo, byatekereza ko imibereho myiza yo mu mutwe y'umuntu ifatanije n'imibereho ye. Muri icyo gihe, Adler abishaka ntabwo yibanda ku kuvura ibibazo biriho, ahubwo ni ukubuza kubaho.
Ibitekerezo byambere byabagabo byasobanuwe mugitabo "imiterere ya Neroid". Muri urwo rupapuro, ibitekerezo byumutinda nindishyi bigaragara.
Umutego wanditse wanditse ko utazi ubwenge bwumuntu mubibazo byo mumutwe bikora kugirango ahindure ubusugire buriho - umubiri, imico, ubwenge - ubukuru, bwuzuye. Mu nzira, iri hinduka rishobora kwihanganira inzitizi z'imibereho gusa: uburere, ibidukikije, uruhare muri sosiyete. Adler kandi yerekana akaga ko "kurengana". Umuntu wageze kuri ibyo azaba, nk'amategeko, inyota y'imbaraga, egocentric ya egocentric.
Mu gitekerezo cye, Alfred ifata ahantu hanini mu kwibuka ubwana. Mu gitabo "Science Live" Umuhengeri Wanditse:
"Kwibuka ni ibyibutsa. Nta kwibuka ibintu. Duhereye ku mubare utabarika wo kwisobanura bibaho kumuntu mubana, kwibuka ahitamo kugumya gusa ko atekereza kubisobanuro byibibazo. "Yashimishijwe na Adler nuburyo bwo kugaragara kwabana kumucyo. Yishingikirije ku bunararibonye bwabo, yavuze ko imfura ari mu mwanya mwiza, kuko yishimira gusa ababyeyi be. Ariko hamwe no kuza abana ba kabiri kandi bakurikira, atangira kumva agasuzuguro. Ingorabahizi yo gutondeka iratera imbere.
Dukurikije uwutekereza, ni abana bakuru akenshi barwara na neurose n'ingeso mbi. Indi ndishyi zinshingano zikabije mubana ni kurugero, gukenera kwita kubavandimwe. Bana bato, mu buryo bunyuranye, bakwangirika, biganisha ku mpuhwe zintege nke. Ariko abana bo hagati batigeze batabona umuriro, cyangwa kubura ibyo, akenshi bakura mubantu batsinze.
Niyo mpamvu Adler yabonaga ko ari ngombwa gukora imiti namahugurwa ntabwo ari abantu bakuru kubantu badafite ubuzima bwiza mu mutwe, ndetse no ku bana, ariko hamwe n'abishora mu burezi. Mu myaka 25, umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze yasomye ibiganiro mu mashuri, ibitaro, ibigo bya Leta. Yabwiye ababyeyi be, abashinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage, abarimu uburyo bwo guhinga umwe mu bagize umuryango ukwiye.
Ahanini, aya masomo yanditswe muri Adler Bibliografiya: "Imitekerereze ku giti cye nk'inzira y'ubumenyi no kwizigira umuntu", "kumva imiterere yo kurushaho."
Biragoye gusuzuma umusanzu ufatika kuri psychologiya byakozwe na Alfred Adler. Ntukabare uko yakuwe mubibazo byurugomo no kubura indishyi zibabaza.
Bimwe mubitekerezo byubatekereza byasanze igisubizo muri neoflation, GEstalt psychologiya, bafite akamaro muri iki gihe. Ibitekerezo bye byubahiriza ibihugu: Amerika, Kanada, Otirishiya, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubuyapani, Ubuyapani, nibindi.
Urupfu
Alfred Adler yapfuye ku ya 28 Gicurasi 1937 muri Aberdeen, muri otcosse. Impamvu y'urupfu yari igitero cy'umutima. Bavuga ko yabaye mubi kumuhanda. Abashiramo bavuye mu gutabara, bumvise izina, bava mu minwa: Kurt. Mu minota y'urupfu, umugabo witwa umuhungu wenyine.Umurambo wahemukiye mu muriro mu cyomurwari wa Torriston muri Edinburgh, ariko ntiwaretse bene wabo. Mu myaka myinshi, ibisigazwa bya psychologue byafashwe byatakaye, kandi mu 2007 basanze mu bubiko bw'Umucuzi. Muri 2011, un hamwe n'ivu rijyana i Vienne gushyingura.
Bibliografiya
- 1912 - "Ku mico idasanzwe"
- 1914 - "GUTANGA KANDI YIGISHA"
- 1919 - "Urundi ruhande. Misa "
- 1938 - "Inyungu rusange: Ingora Abantu"
- 1926 - "Psychology kugiti cye nkinzira yubumenyi no kwizigira umuntu"
- 1928 - "Inyandiko kuri Psychologiya ku giti cye"
- 1929 - "Iterambere ryumuntu ku giti cye no guteza imbere abana"
- 1929 - "Science Live"
- 1932 - "Tekinike yo kuvura"