Ubuzima
Gukodesha Hana ni umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w'Ubudage, Amerika y'Abanyamerika n'abaturage. Ni Umuyahudi, warokotse itsembabwoko, kugeza igihe iminsi irangiye, yize kurwanya Anti-Semitism. Ku rugero rwa Otto Adolf Eichmana, umwe mu bayoboke ba Adolf Hitler, uwatekereza yasobanuye ko ikibi mu buryo bw'ibanze ari Trite ndetse na Bureauctishi. Ariko umusanzu nyamukuru muri sociologiya, utunganye kuruta ubukode bwa Khannaya, ni nyigisho yo mu gisirikare.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuvuzi bwavutse ku ya 14 Ukwakira 1906 muri Linden (ubu Harahover), umujyi munini wo mu Bwami bw'Ubudage. Abagenzi be, Pawulo yihannye igihe umukobwa yari afite imyaka 3, kandi uburere bwaguye ku bitugu Marita Kon - kwibizwa cyane muri politiki ya demokarasi.
Ubwana nubusore Hana yanyuze muri Königsberg (ubu noneho kalinged) hamwe na basogokuru) hamwe na basogokuru - Abayahudi bakize kandi bize. Bazanye abuzukuru kuri poste ya Estorailiste ba Kiyahudi. Mu buryo bwurubanza, uyu mukobwa ntabwo yari uw'abaturage, ahubwo yari azi neza ibizaba Umuyahudi.
Bamaze kumyaka 14, ubukode bwari abanyabwenge bitarenze umwaka. Yasomye "kunegura imitekerereze yera" IMMANUEL Rose "Immaniyeli Kant na" psychologiya yo kuranga "kwa Karl Jaspers nk'ibitabo bishimishije. Mwimbitse muri filozofiya, umusingi w'igitekerezo cy'Igitubanyi cyashyizwe mu 1924, yiyandikisha muri kaminuza ya Marburg. Umwe mu barimu be yari Martin Heidegger.
Mu 1928, yatakaje Hana yakiriye impamyanyigisho muri filozofiya muri kaminuza ya Freiburg. Ubwunganizi, yahuye na Karl Yaspers, ibitabo byabo byasomye birenze. Gutagira hari inshuti kugeza gupfa.
Undi kandi alma yanyuma ya nyuma izakodesha kaminuza ya Gaydelberg.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Martin Heidegger, umwe mu bafilozofe benshi bo mu kinyejana cya 20, ntabwo yitabyesha gusa ubwenge, ahubwo no kugaragara ku bukode bwa Hana. Yari afite imyaka 35, kandi afite imyaka 17 gusa, iyo umubano wurukundo wavuzweho.Igitabo cyakomeje kuba ibanga kugeza ibyatangajwe mu 1982 ubuzima bwa Hana yatorotse mubisobanuro bya Elizabeth Nyamwasa-Bruhl. Nk'uko ubuhamya bwa mutangazwa, mwarimu n'umunyeshuri bahuye mu myaka ya za 1924, kandi iyo urukundo rw'urukundo Ugas Ugas, umubano wangiza urugwiro. Impamvu nyamukuru yo gutandukana ni uko Martin Hydegger: Yatinye gutakaza akazi n'umuryango.
Bari mubuzima bwite bwa Hannah nabagabo bemewe. Iya mbere ni Güntter inyuma, nyuma izwi ku izina rya Anders. Bahujwe nubukwe mu 1929. Igicapo, birasa, ingengabitekerezo ibiri. Byongeye kandi, mu 1936, ubukode bwahuye n'umusizi Heinrich Blucher, hari icyifuzo. Igitabo gishya kandi itandukaniro ryinyungu ryateje ko mu myaka ya 1937 yarangiye.
Muri Mutarama 1940, ubukwe hamwe na Blacher. Ntabwo bagiye kugeza igihe umusizi mu myaka ya za 70.
Nta mwana wariho ubukode.
Filozofiya ya politiki
Gushishikazwa muri politiki ya Hana yatangiye gukora siporo mu 1930. Kwibizwa muri ingingo byatangiranye imirimo ya Karl Marx na Ntare Trotsky. Mu 1932, yanditse inkuru ivuga ku ruhare rw'umugore muri politiki.
Kuba kure y'abagore, ubukode bwashimangiye ko abagore bo muri sosiyete basuzugura. Bashinzwe inshingano zivuguruza uburenganzira bwo kwisubiraho n'ubwigenge. Ariko, politiki - umuzingi utanga imbaraga nimbaraga ntibikwiye kongeraho iyo mirimo.
Politiki ni "urugamba", ashimangira filozofiya. Yabajije igitekerezo cyo gukora umutwe w'abagore, kubera ko abagore, nk'urubyiruko, badashobora gushinga imbaraga za politiki zikomeye.
Hanna yahoraga ashishikajwe n'ikibazo cy'igihugu, cyane cyane anti-Semitism. Mbere gato yuko Adolf Hitler, Karl Jaspers mu mabaruwa yemeje ko umukunzi we aba "uburenganzira". Amagambo yaje gusubiza:
"Kuri njye, Ubudage ni ururimi kavukire, filozofiya n'imivugo."Kugeza ku minsi ishize, ubukode bwemera Umuyahudi. Mu buryo bw'igitangaza ntabwo yakubise "inyamasyer" ya jenoside ya jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi kandi agerageza kurinda abandi. Mugihe cyagabwe cya gatatu Reich, inzu yubukode bwabaye ubuhungiro kubayahudi bihishe "isuku". Muri Nyakanga 1933, Theoristi yagifashwe yarafashwe. Mu ibazwa, yagize ati:
"Niba dutewe n'Abayahudi, tuzarengera Abayahudi."Gestapovets, wagizwe Umuyobozi mukuru ku bijyanye na Hana, yinjira mu byiyumvo bisusurutse. N'umucyo we wo mu mucyo, umugore wacitse intege ubutabera.
Ako kanya nyuma yo kwinjira mu bwisanzure, ubukode abimukiye mu Bufaransa. Yasomye ibiganiro kuri Anti-Semitism, yanditse ibitabo. Mu 1940, wa filozofiya yajyanywe mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imperuka. Ukwezi kumwe, yifashishije urujijo rw'abacungamuzi, yahungiye muri Amerika.
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, uwo mugore yateje imbere igitekerezo cyo gutegura impinduramatwara, ituza ingabo z'Abayahudi. Ubujurire bwe ntibwabonye igisubizo.
Nyuma yo kurangiza Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Hana, ubukode bwibanze ku kwiga abasosiyalisiti y'igihugu, ntibabona ko ibyabaye ku Budage gusa, ahubwo binavuga ko politiki ya Joseph Stalin. Ingaruka zari igitabo cyimibumbe itatu: "Anti-Semitism", "Imperialism" na "Inkomoko ya Commaritanism".
Imwe mu mpamvu zitera Hannah ititana hazavuza kugaragara kwa misa. Intambara yategetse inkuta zijyanye n'amasomo y'imibereho, hamwe n '"ubunini bwatewe, butemewe n'amategeko, imbaga y'abantu b'imiterere yatangiye gutegura induru. Ushaka kureshya ahasigaye kuruhande rwawe, iyi misa yakoresheje ibitotezo, ariko imbaraga. Igisubizo cyibi ni igihombo cyabantu.
Ibisobanuro hasi ubukode bubi "byimuwe" nyuma yigituba hejuru ya Otto Adolf Eichman, warangiye mu 1961. Filozofiya yari ahari ku mato nk'umunyamakuru wa New Yorker, ariko amaherezo yanditse igitabo cyose - "Iribabukwe: Eichman i Yeruzalemu" (1963).
Umugore yanditse ko ingengabitekerezo yabamugiye mubwicanyi rusange ntabwo buri gihe "soda" nka Adolf Hitler. Birashobora kuba abantu basanzwe nka Eichman. Ni umukora gusa, isano yimodoka ya bureucratique. Umufilozofe ashimangira ko ibikorwa bya Eichman bipfunyitse mu rupfu rwabantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, ntibirenze icyifuzo cyubupfu cyo gukora neza.
Ibitekerezo by'ibanze Hanna byasojwe ku mirimo irenze 450 y'ibikorwa. "Ubuzima bw'ubwenge", "Inshingano n'Umucamanza", "kuri Revolution", "ku ihohoterwa" - ibitabo by'ingenzi.
Urupfu
Mu kwandikirana n'inshuti za Hana, babwiraga ko ashaka kuvuga ibitekerezo bye kugeza apfuye. Kubwibyo, nyuma yindwara yumutima mu 1974, yagarutse kwandika no kwigisha. Ku ya 4 Ukuboza 1975, wa filozofiya yatumye habaho ikindi gitero cy'umutima neza mu kazi. Yateje urupfu.Umubiri ni ubukode bw'atwitswe, kandi umukungugu watwitse iruhande rw'ivu ry'umugore we Henrich Blucher mu irimbi rya Bard muri New York. Gucira amafoto aho, imva irimbishijwe ibuza ryicisha bugufi ryerekana izina ryuzuye rya filozofiya - Hana akodesha Blucher, Ahantu ho kuvuka no mu rupfu.
Amagambo
- "Urukundo, bitandukanye n'ubucuti, ntabwo bihanganira kumenyekanisha."
- Ati: "Mu myaka myinshi mfite Abadage bemera ko bafite isoni zo kuba Abadage. Kandi igihe cyose numvaga ikigeragezo cyo kubasubiza ko mfite isoni zo kuba umugabo. "
- "Kunda ubuzima biroroshye mugihe mumahanga. Aho ntawe ubizi, kandi uri wenyine, kandi ubuzima bwawe bwose buri mu maboko yawe, ntuzigera wumva nyirabuja. "
- "Impinduramatwara ikomeye cyane iba abaguzi bukeye bwaho nyuma y'impinduramatwara."
- "Ingabo zishaka kudacika intege ku bantu, ahubwo ni ugushiraho uburyo abantu bataba bakeneye rwose."
Bibliografiya
- 1929 - "Igitekerezo cy'urukundo rw'Icyubahiro Augustin"
- 1943 - "Turi" Impunzi "
- 1945 - "Filozofiya iboneka ni iki?"
- 1947 - "Ku Ingoma"
- 1951 - "Inkomoko Yukuri"
- 1958 - "INGINGO Z'UMUNTU"
- 1958 - "Ikibazo Cyimirimo"
- 1960 - "Vita Activa, cyangwa Ikigereranyo cy'igiti cyawe kandi gisanzwe mu bihe bya kera"
- 1963 - "Kuri mpinduramatwara"
- 1963 - "Irindelity w'ikibi: Eichman i Yeruzalemu"
- 1964 - "UKURI NA politiki"
- 1965 - "Ku ihohoterwa"
- 1970 - "Imbaraga n'ihohoterwa"